• 제목/요약/키워드: Secondary metabolites

검색결과 539건 처리시간 0.026초

식물유래 2차 대사물질의 병충해 및 잡초 방제효과 (Pathogen, Insect and Weed Control Effects of Secondary Metabolites from Plants)

  • 김종범
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • 제48권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-15
    • /
    • 2005
  • 농작물이 병해충 및 잡초 등에 의하여 피해를 받게 되면 농업생산성은 상당히 저하된다. 따라서 농업생산성을 높이기 위하여 합성농약을 과용해 왔고, 이로 인하여 토양의 질과 농업환경이 파괴되는 결과를 초래하고 있어서 지속적인 농업이 점차 어려워지고 있다. 오늘날의 농업은 농업환경의 파괴를 최소화하고 농산물의 안전성을 확보함과 동시에 생산성을 증대해야하는 복합적인 문제에 직면해 있다. 한편, 식물은 일반적으로 생존하기 위하며 외부의 침입으로부터 자신을 보호하거나 자신의 영역을 확보하기 위하며 다양한 종류의 2차대사물질을 생산하고 방출한다. 병원균이 침입했을 때 식물이 생산하는 항생물질인 phytoalexin으로는 화본과 식물의 경우 flavonoid계와 diterpenoid계의 물질을 생성하고, 쌍자엽 식물은 감염된 병원균의 종류에 상관없이 Leguminosae과는 flavonoids계, Cruciferae과는 indole 유도체, Solanaceae과는 sesquiterpenoid계, Umbelliferae과는 coumarin계 물질들을 생성하여 병원균에 저항성을 가진다. 곤충의 생리작용을 저해하거나 섭생을 싫어하게 하는 기능의 물질로는 terpene계의 pyrethrin, azadirachtin, limonin, cedrelanoid, toosendanin, fraxinellone/dictamnine 등이 있으며, alkaloid계로서는 terpenoid와 alkaloid가 결합된 sesquiterpene pyridine 및 norditerpenoids alkaloids와 azepine계, amide계, loline계, stemofoline계, pyrrolizidine계 alkaloids 등이 있다. 식물은 또한 자신의 영역을 확보하기 위하여 다른 식물의 생장을 저해하는 물질을 생성하는데 여기에는 terpene계의 essential oil 및 sesquiterpene lactone과 이외에 benzoxazinoids, glucosinolate, quassinoid, cyanogenic glycoside, saponin, sorgolennone, juglone 등 다수의 2차 대사물질들이 있다. 이와 같은 기능의 2차 대사물질을 병해충 및 잡초 방제에 직, 간접으로 이용하는 것은 친환경농업의 한 가지 방법일 수 있다. 그러나 천연물질들은 자연계에서 쉽게 분해되어 효율이 떨어지는 경우가 많고 식물을 통하여 생산하는데도 한계가 있다. 따라서 보다 안전성과 효율성이 뛰어난 2차 대사물질을 찾아내는 연구와 아울러 방제기능이 있는 물질의 생합성경로를 구명하고 대사공학적으로 이용하므로 병해충에 저항성이 있고 잡초 방제효과를 갖는 형질전환 식물을 육성하는 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Assessment of the Contribution of Antagonistic Secondary Metabolites to the Antifungal and Biocontrol Activities of Pseudomonas fluorescens NBC275

  • Dutta, Swarnalee;Yu, Sang-Mi;Lee, Yong Hoon
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
    • /
    • 제36권5호
    • /
    • pp.491-496
    • /
    • 2020
  • An understanding of the contribution of secondary metabolites (SMs) to the antagonistic and biocontrol activities of bacterial biocontrol agents serves to improve biocontrol potential of the strain. In this study, to evaluate the contribution of each SM produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens NBC275 (Pf275) to its antifungal and biocontrol activity, we combined in silico analysis of the genome with our previous study of transposon (Tn) mutants. Thirteen Tn mutants, which belonged to 6 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of a total 14 BGCs predicted by the antiSMASH tool were identified by the reduction of antifungal activity. The biocontrol performance of Pf275 was significantly dependent on 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and pyoverdine. The clusters that encode for arylpolyene and an unidentified small linear lipopeptide influenced antifungal and biocontrol activities. To our knowledge, our study identified the contribution of SMs, such as a small linear lipopeptide and arylpolyene, to biocontrol efficacy for the first time.

Isolation and Characterization of Steroids of Nutraceutical Value in Physalis minima

  • Misra Laxmi N.;Lal Pyare;Kumar Devinder
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
    • /
    • 제11권2호
    • /
    • pp.133-139
    • /
    • 2006
  • There is great demand of nutraceutical secondary metabolites in the world so as to feed the population by improving agricultural production with new varieties of food crops but what is still more important is to add nutrition into the food. Physalis minima, plant of Solanaceae family, contain certain secondary metabolites which enhance the over all metabolic functions of the body. Withasteroids are one of such phytochemicals that are generally regarded as safe. These chemicals are almost monopoly of the plants of Solanaceae. The leaves, stem and roots of P. minima have been examined to yield several steroids, identification of which has been discussed in this paper. These withasteroids contribute to the potential nutraceutical and health function value since incorporation of withanolides in the diet may prevent or decrease the growth of tumors in humans.

Three New Records of Lichen Genera Opegrapha and Phaeographis from the Republic of Korea

  • Joshi, Santosh;Jayala, Udeni;Oh, Soon-Ok;Hur, Jae-Seoun
    • Mycobiology
    • /
    • 제40권3호
    • /
    • pp.147-150
    • /
    • 2012
  • This paper provides a description of Opegrapha herbarum, Opegrapha viridis and Phaeographis subdividens, all newly identified in the Republic of Korea. The characteristic features of O. herbarum include Varia-type asci, Subelevata-type ascospores, a lack of secondary metabolites and a saxicolous habitat. O. viridis possesses Calcarea-type asci, Vulgata-type ascospores and no chemicals in the thallus. P. subdividens is recognizable by its curved to sinuous lirellae, divergent labia, a brown and uniformly thick proper exciple which is open at its base, 3~4-septate ascospores, and lack of secondary metabolites. All three taxa are now reported to exist on Bogil Island in the Republic of Korea.

Virginiamycin 생합성 유도인자 Virginiae butanolide C에 의한 2차 대사산물 생산의 유도 (Induction of Secondary Metabolites by Virginiamycin Inducing Factor, Virginiae Butanolide C)

  • 김현수;강선영
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
    • /
    • 제22권5호
    • /
    • pp.459-466
    • /
    • 1994
  • Virginiae butanolide C(VB-C) is one of the butyrolactone autoregulators, which triggers the production of virginiamycin in Streptomyces virginiae. Streptomyces longwoodensis was selected as a test strain to investigate new VB-C functions. When 100 ng/ml of the synthetic VB-C was added into the culture at 5 hour and 0 hour, the initial production time of antibiotics and a dark blue pigment were shortened by 4~6 hours and 2~4 hours, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the production of several new antibiotics by VB-C addition. In the SDS-PAGE analysis of the total protein from mycelium several new protein bands showed up and the amounts of certain protein bands increased in the presense of VB-C. The existence of specific VB-C binding protein was confirmed from S. longwoodensis in relation to VB-C signal transduction. These results suggest that the VB-C might have an ability to induce the production of secondary metabolites in Streptomy- ces longwoodensis.

  • PDF

Molecular approaches for improvement of medicinal and aromatic plants

  • Kumar, Jitendra;Gupta, Pushpendra Kumar
    • Plant Biotechnology Reports
    • /
    • 제2권2호
    • /
    • pp.93-112
    • /
    • 2008
  • Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are important sources for plant secondary metabolites, which are important for human healthcare. Improvement of the yield and quality of these natural plant products through conventional breeding is still a challenge. However, recent advances in plant genomics research has generated knowledge leading to a better understanding of the complex genetics and biochemistry involved in biosynthesis of these plant secondary metabolites. This genomics research also concerned identification and isolation of genes involved in different steps of a number of metabolic pathways. Progress has also been made in the development of functional genomics resources (EST databases and micro-arrays) in several medicinal plant species, which offer new opportunities for improvement of genotypes using perfect markers or genetic transformation. This review article presents an overview of the recent developments and future possibilities in genetics and genomics of MAP species including use of transgenic approach for their improvement.

Deuteromethylactin B from a Freshwater-derived Streptomyces sp.

  • Shaikh, Anam F.;Elfeki, Maryam;Landolfa, Samantha;Tanouye, Urszula;Green, Stefan J.;Murphy, Brian T.
    • Natural Product Sciences
    • /
    • 제21권4호
    • /
    • pp.261-267
    • /
    • 2015
  • Compared to their terrestrial and marine counterparts, little is known about the capacity of freshwater-derived actinomycete bacteria to produce novel secondary metabolites. In the current study, we highlight the disparities that exist between cultivation-independent and -dependent analyses of actinomycete communities from four locations in Lake Michigan sediment. Furthermore, through phylogenetic analysis of strains isolated from these locations, we identified a Streptomyces sp., strain B025, as being distinct from other Streptomyces spp. isolated from sediment. Upon fermentation this strain produced a rare class of eight-membered lactone secondary metabolites, which have been for their antitumor properties. We used spectroscopic and chemical derivitization techniques to characterize octalactin B (1) in addition to its corresponding novel, unnatural degradation product (2).

Botanical features and ethnopharmacological potential of Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br: a review

  • Gang, Roggers;Kang, Youngmin
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제49권1호
    • /
    • pp.3-14
    • /
    • 2022
  • Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br, commonly called dagga, klip dagga, or lion's ear, has been used to effectively treat various diseases and other health problems for a long time because of its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic activities. Several studies have attributed these biological activities to L. nepetifolia's constituent secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, glycosides, coumarins, anthocyanins, and saponins. This review aims to examine the evidence-based ethnopharmacological uses of L. nepetifolia in the treatment of bronchial asthma, diarrhea, skin diseases, malaria, burns, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatism. However, although L. nepetifolia has great potential to treat these diseases, further isolation and identification of its therapeutic phytochemical constituents are required. In addition, the performance of its extracts and phytochemicals should be thoroughly tested in preclinical and clinical trials in order to ascertain their safety and efficacy, which will prove valuable in developing new medicines.

Phytochemical Compounds from the Ethanolic Extract of Gymnema sylvestre, Senna auriculata and Cissus quadrangularis through GC-MS Analysis

  • Sindhuja G;Mary Agnes A
    • Mass Spectrometry Letters
    • /
    • 제14권2호
    • /
    • pp.25-35
    • /
    • 2023
  • Plants are a traditional source of many chemicals used as biochemical, flavors, food, color, and pharmaceuticals in various countries, especially India. Most herbal medicines and their derivatives are often made from crude extracts containing a complex mixture of various phytochemical chemical components (secondary metabolites of the plants). This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds from the different parts of the plant from the ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre, Senna auriculata, and Cissus quadrangularis (leaves, flower, stem) by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of various compounds like 3,4-dimethylcyclohexanol, hexanoic acid, D-mannose, and N-decanoic acid. Hence, the Gymnema sylvestre, Senna auriculata, and Cissus quadrangularis may have chemopreventive, anti-cancer, anti-microbial activity, antioxidant, anti-diabetic activity, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal due to the presence of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract. These phytochemicals are supported for traditional use in a variety of diseases.

Long-Term Investigation of Marine-Derived Aspergillus Diversity in the Republic of Korea

  • Jun Won Lee;Wonjun Lee;Rekhani Hansika Perera;Young Woon Lim
    • Mycobiology
    • /
    • 제51권6호
    • /
    • pp.436-444
    • /
    • 2023
  • Aspergillus species play a crucial role in terrestrial environments as degraders and are well known for producing various secondary metabolites. Recently, Aspergillus species have been discovered in marine environments, exhibiting adaptability to high salinity and producing diverse secondary metabolites with valuable properties. However, limited research has focused on their marine diversity, leading to inaccurate species identification. The current study addresses this gap by investigating diverse marine habitats in the Republic of Korea, including sediment, seawater, seaweed, and marine animals. From three coasts of the Korean Peninsula, 472 Aspergillus strains were isolated from the various marine habitats. A total of 41 species were accurately identified using multigenetic markers: internal transcribed spacer, calmodulin, and b-tubulin. The findings underscore the importance of accurate identification and provide a basis for elucidating the functional role of marine-derived Aspergillus species in marine ecosystems.