• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.136-150
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• 1999

The subjects, under 18 old, 2,694 children who visited ER during 1998, were surveyed by the Triage and other statitical data. The results were as follows 1. The male to female ratio was 1.7 : 1, and the toddler(1-4 old) was the majority. 2. Triage ; critical 1.3%, acute 14.6%, urgent 29.5%, nonemergent 54.6%. 3. The reasons of visiting ER ; 1) The children had diseases(46.5%), injury (36.9%), TA(5.6%) and toxication(1.0%). 2) In diseases, male to female ratio was 1.5 : 1 and in injury, male to female was 2 : 1. 3) Among the children having in TA, 12-18 old groups was the majority(34.9%). 4. The time of visiting : the 20:00 - 22:00 was the majority(16.9%). 5. By monthly and seasonal distribution ; Jan. (9.7%), Mar. and May(9% respectively, Dec. and July(6.7%) respectively. The children who visted ER in spring and autumn showed higher portion than those of summer and winter. 6. Results ; admission(27.4%), discharge(68.4%), operations(2.8%), and DOA and DAA(0.4%), The mortality of the infancy and toddler groups was 83.3%. The infancy group showed the highest rate of admission. 7. The time of staying in ER ; 1-2 hrs was the major group(23.3%) and the average was 4.6 hours. 8. By clinical departments ; Ped. was 34.4%, PS was 20.8%, Dental Surgery was 10.3% and Dermatology was 0.9%. 9. The types of visting ; the group who visited by themselves was 80%, transfer from the primary and secondary clinic was 17% and OPD was 3.0%. 10. The traffic means . by the own cars and taxi were 87.6%, by hospital ambulance was 6.1% and by 119 ambulance was 4.3%.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.961-970
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• 1997

A numerical method is presented to predict and analyze the shape of a growing billet produced from the "spray forming process" which is a fairly new near-net shape manufacturing process. It is important to understand the mechanism of billet growing because one can obtain a billet with the desired final shape without secondary operations by accurate control of the billet shape, and it can also serve as a base for heat transfer and deformation analysis. The shape of a growing billet is determined by the flow rate of the alloy melt, the mode of nozzle scanning which is due to cam profile, the initial positio of the spray nozzle, scanning angle, and the withdrawal speed of the substrate. In the present study, a theoretical model is first established to predict the shape of the billet and next the effects of the most dominent processing conditions, such as withdrawal speed of the substrate and the cam profile, on the shape of the growing billet are studied. Process conditions are obtained to produce a billet with uniform diameter and flat top surface, and an ASP30 high speed steel billet is manufactured using the same process conditions established from the simulation.imulation.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.650-663
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• 2004

In molecular biology, DNA sequence searching is one of the most crucial operations. Since DNA databases contain a huge volume of sequences, a fast indexing mechanism is essential for efficient processing of DNA sequence searches. In this paper, we first identify the problems of the suffix tree in aspects of the storage overhead, search performance, and integration with DBMSs. Then, we propose a new index structure that solves those problems. The proposed index consists of two parts: the primary part represents the trie as bit strings without any pointers, and the secondary part helps fast accesses of the leaf nodes of the trio that need to be accessed for post processing. We also suggest an efficient algorithm based on that index for DNA sequence searching. To verify the superiority of the proposed approach, we conducted a performance evaluation via a series of experiments. The results revealed that the proposed approach, which requires smaller storage space, achieves 13 to 29 times performance improvement over the suffix tree.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2016

Virtualization has become one of the most helpful techniques in computing systems, and today it is prevalent in several computing environments including desktops, data-centers, and enterprises. However, since I/O layers are implemented to be oblivious to the I/O behaviors on virtual machines (VM), there still exists an I/O scalability issue in virtualized systems. In particular, when a multi-queue solid state drive (SSD) is used as a secondary storage, each system reveals a semantic gap that degrades the overall performance of the VM. This is due to two key problems, accelerated lock contentions and the I/O parallelism issue. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, including the design of virtual CPU (vCPU)-dedicated queues and I/O threads, which efficiently distributes the lock contentions and addresses the parallelism issue of Virtio-blk-data-plane in virtualized environments. Our approach is based on the above principle, which allocates a dedicated queue and an I/O thread for each vCPU to reduce the semantic gap. Our experimental results with various I/O traces clearly show that our design improves the I/O operations per second (IOPS) in virtualized environments by up to 155% over existing QEMU-based systems.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.571-577
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• 2009

Purpose: The Provision of thin and pliable tissue and the adequate coverage of tendon - gliding surface is necessary for a soft tissue defect of the hand with exposure of bone, tendon and muscle. This report will discuss our experience with anterolateral thigh fascial free flap for the reconstruction of the soft tissue defect of the hand. Methods: Between February 2004 and August 2008, seven patients with full - thickness soft tissue defects of the hand were reconstructed by means of a composite anterolateral thigh fascial free flap. There were soft tissue defects associated with trauma (n=5), scar contracture (n=1) and necrosis due to ischemia (n=1). Flaps were harvested from the anterolateral thigh as adipofascial flaps with only a small sheet of fascia and fatty tissue above it. The fascia and the skin of the donor site was closed directly and delayed split - thickness skin graft was performed. Result: All flaps survived completely. The size of the transferred flap ranged from $2{\times}4cm$ to $5{\times}8cm$. Thin flap coverage was possible without secondary debulking operations. It left minimal donor site morbidity with a linear scar. In one case, the thigh muscle herniation in the donor site was developed. Conclusion: The anterolateral thigh fascial free flap provided thin and pliable tissue which can establish a tendon - gliding mechanism, minimal bulk, minimal donor site morbidity. The disadvantages of this technique were the need for a skin graft and the muscle herniation of donor site.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.447-452
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• 2019

Purpose: Few studies have reported non-acute long-term morbidity rates in children with intestinal malrotation. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of constipation in children undergoing Ladd's procedure for isolated intestinal malrotation. Methods: This retrospective study included children aged <15 years who underwent Ladd's procedure for intestinal malrotation between 2001 and 2016. Demographics, presence of volvulus perioperatively, need for bowel resection, short term (<30 days) and long-term complications, including mortality were recorded. Constipation was defined as treatment with laxatives at 1-year follow-up. Results: Of the 43 children included in the study, 49% were boys. The median age at surgery was 28 days (0-5, 293 days). Volvulus occurred in 26 children (60.5%), and bowel resection was required in 4 children (9.3%). Short-term complications categorized as grades II-V according to the Clavien-Dindo classification occurred in 13 children (30.2%). Of these, 5 children (11.6%) required re-operation. Constipation was observed in 9 children (23.7%) at the 1-year follow-up. No difference was observed in the rate of perioperative volvulus between children with and without constipation (44% vs. 65%, p=0.45). Excluding re-operations performed within 30 days after surgery, 3 children (6%) underwent surgery for intestinal obstruction during the study period. Conclusion: Many children undergoing Ladd's procedure require bowel management even at long-term follow-up, probably secondary to constipation. It is important to thoroughly evaluate bowel function at the time of follow-up to verify or exclude constipation, and if treatment of constipation is unsuccessful, these children require evaluation for dysmotility disorders and/or intestinal neuronal dysplasia.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2022

Students can successfully connect with one another thanks to the introduction of Web 2.0 and the tools and technology linked with it. The fact that rising digital tools are systematically influencing the education system is not a secret. The purpose of the research article efficiently evaluates the influence of incorporation of media in the activities of the scientific library of the higher education institution. The research Methodology is the Concepts, techniques, and procedures to effectively inculcate primary and secondary data to conduct the research effortlessly. It's worth noting that in this case, quantitative primary research was provided in the form of a survey. The researchers have proposed a survey in order to successfully instil a comprehensive view on the "incorporation of media in the operations of the scientific library of higher education institutions." As a result, fifty-one higher education institution principals were asked to attend this session. This is necessary to understand that they are both well-educated and cognizant of the impact of technology innovation on schooling. As a result, the researchers were able to gain a comprehensive view of this situation thanks to this survey. The results effectively showed that most of the participants believe that social media plays a vital role in shaping up higher education and at the same time they believe that the libraries of famous educational institutions must adapt as per the new educational trend so that teachers and students both can tap into its benefit.The practical significance of the result is manoeuvred by the efficient survey analysis and at the same time, peer-reviewed journals have been employed to put forward authentic information. Therefore, efficient insight regarding this topic has been gathered by the researchers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.157-166
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• 2022

In the case of a die-casting process, defects that are difficult to confirm by visual inspection, such as shrinkage bubbles, may occur due to an error in maintaining a vacuum state. Since these casting defects are discovered during post-processing operations such as heat treatment or finishing work, they cannot be taken in advance at the casting time, which can cause a large number of defects. In this study, we propose an approach that can predict the occurrence of casting defects by defect type using machine learning technology based on casting parameter data collected from equipment in the die casting process in real time. Die-casting parameter data can basically be collected through the casting equipment controller. In order to perform classification analysis for predicting defects by defect type, labeling of casting parameters must be performed. In this study, first, the defective data set is separated by performing the primary clustering based on the total defect rate obtained during the post-processing. Second, the secondary cluster analysis is performed using the defect rate by type for the separated defect data set, and the labeling task is performed by defect type using the cluster analysis result. Finally, a classification learning model is created by collecting the entire labeled data set, and a real-time monitoring system for defect prediction using LabView and Python was implemented. When a defect is predicted, notification is performed so that the operator can cope with it, such as displaying on the monitoring screen and alarm notification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1618-1624
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• 2009

This study was conducted to estimate the shelf-life of cooked mung bean sprouts contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus according to storage temperatures after cooking in school foodservice operations. A predictive growth model of S. aureus in cooked mung bean sprouts prepared using a standard recipe was developed at 4 storage temperatures (5, 15, 25, and 35${^{\circ}C}$). To determine the effect of vinegar on the shelf-life of cooked mung bean sprouts, the growth of S. aureus in sprouts prepared using vinegar and the standard recipe were compared. The $R^2$ values of the specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) determined using the Gompertz model were greater than 0.90 at all temperatures except 5${^{\circ}C}$, which confirmed that it would be appropriate to use these parameters for a secondary model. The secondary model, which indicates changes in LT and SGR values according to storage temperatures, was calculated using response surface models. The compatibility of the developed model was confirmed by calculating $R^2$, Bf, Af and MSE values as statistic parameters. The $R^2$ values of LT and SGR were 0.94 or higher, and the MSE, Bf and Af values were 0.02 and 0.002, 0.97 and 1.03, and 1.31 and 1.10, respectively, with high statistical compatibility. The growth rate of S. aureus was higher when the standard recipe was used than when vinegar was used at all temperatures. Indeed, no growth of S. aureus was observed in mung bean sprouts prepared using vinegar. Based on the model developed, cooked mung bean sprouts prepared using the standard recipe for school foodservice should be stored at 10${^{\circ}C}$ or less. Additionally, sprouts stored at 25 or 35${^{\circ}C}$ should be consumed within 6 or 12 hours after cooking. Finally, the addition of vinegar will prevent the growth of S. aureus in cooked mung bean sprouts.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.511-517
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• 2019

Background Cleft treatment is frequently performed in Indonesia, mostly in charity missions, but without a postoperative protocol it is difficult to establish the risks and complications of cleft treatment. The present study was designed to give an overview of current cleft lip and palate treatment strategies in Indonesia and to assess the complication rates during and after surgery. Methods This prospective study evaluated anesthetic, intraoperative surgical, and short-term postoperative complications in patients undergoing primary, secondary, or corrective surgery for cleft lip and palate deformities. The population consisted of 98 non-syndromic cleft patients. The main anesthetic complication that occurred during general anesthesia was high blood pressure, whereas the main intraoperative surgical complication was excessive bleeding and the main early postoperative complication was extremely poor wound hygiene. Results In this study, there were no cases of perioperative or postoperative mortality. However, in 23 (23.4%) of the 98 operations performed, at least one perioperative complication related to anesthesia occurred. The intraoperative and early postoperative complications following cleft lip and/or palate were assessed. There was a significant difference in the complication rate between procedure types (χ²=0.02; P<0.05). However, no relationship was found between perioperative complications related to anesthesia and the occurrence of postoperative complications (χ²=1.00; P>0.05). Nonetheless, a significant difference was found between procedure types regarding perioperative complications and the occurrence of postoperative complications (χ²=0.031; P<0.05). Conclusions Further evaluation of these outcomes would help direct patient management toward decreasing the complication rate.