• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.805-812
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• 2009

The consumer acceptance of food is not only affected by the sensory characteristics of food but also by the non-food factors, including food experience, consumption frequency, and food attitudes. Therefore, food attitude scales such as the food neophobic scale, VARSEEK scale, Dutch restrained eating scale, health taste attitude scale, etc. have been developed and effectively used to predict consumer liking and behaviors. Since the globalization of Korean food is currently one of the hottest topics in the Korean food industry, the aim of this study was to identify the tastes and flavors that may represent Korean cuisine. Additionally, an attitudinal scale for Korean taste and flavors was developed, which can then be utilized to predict a consumer's liking of Korean food. In the first stage of the experiment, the representative taste and flavors of Korean cuisine was surveyed by a Korean culinary expert group (n=23) and general consumers (n=62). As a result of these surveys, 4 types of flavors, hot pepper flavor, 'goso' flavor, garlic flavor, and fermented flavor were shown to be the most representative flavors of Korean cuisine. Based on these results, the second stage of the experiment was carried out to develop an attitudinal scale for Korean style flavors. Eleven to 17 questionnaires were developed for each of the 4 types of flavors. The survey consisted of a total of 53 questionnaires and 154 female consumers and 158 male consumers participated in the survey. The data was analyzed by factor analysis. For each type of flavor, the final attitudinal questionnaires were selected based on the following criteria: 1. high absolute factor loading value, 2. carrying clear meaning of the corresponding flavor attitude, and 3. delivering the meaning sufficiently when translated into other language. The final Korean style flavor attitude scale consisted of 7 hot pepper flavor, 6 'goso' flavor, 6 garlic flavor, and 7 fermented flavor questionnaires. In the next step of this study, experiments will be carried out to validate the Korean style flavor attitude scale.

• 재활복지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.147-173
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 호흡 조절식 연장기법을 활용한 말더듬 치료 장치를 개발하여 임상적용을 통해 개발된 말더듬 치료 장치가 실제로 말더듬 치료에 효과가 있는지 검증하였다. 이 연구를 수행하기 위한 연구 방법은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 국내외에서 많이 활용되고 있는 말더듬 연장기법을 분석하여 이것을 바탕으로 한 말더듬 치료 장치를 설계하였다. 둘째, 연장기법을 활용하기 위해 시각적 피드백, 발성 상태 유지, 충분한 흡기, 한글화, 일상생활 전이 및 유지가 이루어질 수 있는 말더듬 치료 장치를 개발하였다. 셋째, 임상적용을 통해 개발된 말더듬 치료 장치가 실제로 말더듬 치료에 효과가 있는지 검증하였다. 개발된 호흡 조절식 연장기법을 활용한 말더듬 치료 장치를 피험자 A, B, C, D를 통해 3개월 동안 적용하여 말더듬 평가 프로그램 SI-B를 이용하여 평가한 결과 피험자 A는 사전평가 3.20 SW/M에서 사후평가는 0.5 SW/M으로 말더듬 빈도수가 줄었고, 피험자 B는 사전평가 1.90 SW/M에서 사후평가는 0.7 SW/M으로 말더듬 빈도수가 줄었고, 피험자 C는 사전평가 3.37 SW/M에서 사후평가는 0.34 SW/M으로 말더듬 빈도수가 줄었고, 피험자 D는 사전평가 0.51 SW/M에서 사후평가는 0 SW/M으로 말더듬 빈도수가 줄었다. 이상과 같이 호흡 조절식 연장기법 말더듬 치료 장치를 이용한 말더듬 치료프로그램이 말더듬인의 말더듬 빈도를 감소시키는데 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2023

Purpose: Since late 2019, the novel coronavirus disease has been a global concern, and alongside preventive strategies, including social distancing and personal hygiene, vaccination is now the primary hope for controlling the pandemic. Sputnik V is an adenovirus vector vaccine used against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Iranian health care providers, and there is a lack of information regarding the Adverse Events Following Immunisation (AEFI) by Sputnik V among the Iranian population. The present study aimed to evaluate AEFI by Sputnik V vaccine among Iranian population. Materials and Methods: Every member of the Islamic Republic of Iran Medical Council received their first dose of the Sputnik V vaccine in Mashhad (Iran) and was referred to receive their second dose enrolled in the present study and asked to fill an English language checklist asking about development of any AEFI following immunization with the first dose of Sputnik V vaccine. Results: A total number of 1,347 with a mean±standard deviation age of 56.2±9.6 years filled the checklist. Most of the participants were male (838 [62.2%]). The present study demonstrated that immunization with the first dose of Sputnik V results in at least one AEFI in 32.8% of the Iranian medical council members. Most of the AEFI was related to musculoskeletal symptoms, including myalgia. By considering the age of 55 years as a cut-off point, individuals younger than 55 had a higher rate of AEFI (41.3% vs. 22.5%, p=0.0001). Male gender, use of analgesics, beta-blockers, and previous COVID-19 infection have a lower chance of developing AEFI (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that most of the AEFI was related to musculoskeletal symptoms, including myalgia, and older individuals, male gender and those receiving analgesics and beta-blockers were less likely to develop AEFI following immunization with the first dose of Sputnik V.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.5-22
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to development an information delivery system for the home nursing service, to demonstrate and to evaluate the efficiency of it. The period of research conduct was from September 1996 to August 31, 1997. At the 1st stage to achieve the purpose, Firstly Assessment tool for the patients with cerebral vascular disease who have the first priority of HNS among the patients with various health problems at home was developed through literature review. Secondly, after identification of patient nursing problem by the home care nurse with the assessment tool, the patient's classification system developed by Park (1988) that was 128 nursing activities under 6 categories was used to identify the home care nurse's activities of the patient with CAV at home. The research team had several workshops with 5 clinical nurse experts to refine it. At last 110 nursing activities under 11 categories for the patients with CVA were derived. At the second stage, algorithms were developed to connect 110 nursing activities with the patient nursing problems identified by assessment tool. The computerizing process of the algorithms is as follows: These algorithms are realized with the computer program by use of the software engineering technique. The development is made by the prototyping method, which is the requirement analysis of the software specifications. The basic features of the usability, compatibility, adaptability and maintainability are taken into consideration. Particular emphasis is given to the efficient construction of the database. To enhance the database efficiency and to establish the structural cohesion, the data field is categorized with the weight of relevance to the particular disease. This approach permits the easy adaptability when numerous diseases are applied in the future. In paralleled with this, the expandability and maintainability is stressed through out the program development, which leads to the modular concept. However since the disease to be applied is increased in number as the project progress and since they are interrelated and coupled each other, the expand ability as well as maintainability should be considered with a big priority. Furthermore, since the system is to be synthesized with other medical systems in the future, these properties are very important. The prototype developed in this project is to be evaluated through the stage of system testing. There are various evaluation metrics such as cohesion, coupling and adaptability so on. But unfortunately, direct measurement of these metrics are very difficult, and accordingly, analytical and quantitative evaluations are almost impossible. Therefore, instead of the analytical evaluation, the experimental evaluation is to be applied through the test run by various users. This system testing will provide the viewpoint analysis of the user's level, and the detail and additional requirement specifications arising from user's real situation will be feedback into the system modeling. Also. the degree of freedom of the input and output will be improved, and the hardware limitation will be investigated. Upon the refining, the prototype system will be used as a design template. and will be used to develop the more extensive system. In detail. the relevant modules will be developed for the various diseases, and the module will be integrated by the macroscopic design process focusing on the inter modularity, generality of the database. and compatibility with other systems. The Home care Evaluation System is comprised of three main modules of : (1) General information on a patient, (2) General health status of a patient, and (3) Cerebrovascular disease patient. The general health status module has five sub modules of physical measurement, vitality, nursing, pharmaceutical description and emotional/cognition ability. The CVA patient module is divided into ten sub modules such as subjective sense, consciousness, memory and language pattern so on. The typical sub modules are described in appendix 3.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.108-118
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• 2019

정원박람회에서 정원을 감상한다는 것은 자연에 대한 아름다움과 함께 조형예술로서 정원의 내면에 숨겨진 작가들의 개념과 아이디어들을 감상하는 데 의미를 가진다. 본 연구는 정원에 표출된 조형 매체를 통하여 작가의 의도된 표현 특성을 파악하는 데 목적을 두고, 2018 태화강 정원박람회에 전시된 정원 중 총 20개 작품을 대상으로 공간에서 전개되는 시각적 서술의 조형 구조를 파악하였다. 이것은 조형 구조가 조형 매체와 조형 언어를 통하여 내용과 형식으로 전달되는 특성을 반영한 것이다. 작품에 대한 분석은 정원에 표현된 서사구조로부터 조형 구조인 시각언어와 공간 언어를 통하여 매체의 표현 특성을 파악하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상호텍스트성을 통한 매체 이미지는 다수의 작품이 '도형적 이미지(figure image)'를 통하여 메시지를 전달하고 있다. 즉 개념은 매체를 통하여 '실제 대상의 유사성'으로 전달되며, 이에 따른 '의미와 의미작용'을 기대하는 것이다. 둘째, 정원에서 상징성을 보여주기 위한 기호(sign) 특성은 '도상(icon)', '지표(index)', '상징(symbol)'으로 구분하여 추출하였다. 그 결과 대부분의 작품은 '도상'과 '상징'을 통하여 이미지와 의미 사이의 공통된 특성을 표현하고 있다. 셋째, 조형 원리에 따른 공간 구성요소들은 '주체적(dominant)'인 역할과 '종속적(subordinate)'인 역할의 요소들이 개념전달을 위한 주요 인자로 도출되었다. 또한 '중첩에 의한 공간 구성'과 '투명에 의한 공간 구성'을 통하여 개념적 층위를 강화하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 매체의 공간 점유유형은 중앙홀형, 통로형, 개실형 등이 주를 이루며, 개실형의 경우 특정한 오브제가 아닌 공간 전체영역을 개념화한 특징을 가진다. 동선의 유형은 순회형, 통과형, 회귀형의 순으로 빈도가 도출되었다. 이와 같은 정원디자인에 나타난 시각적 서술의 표현 특성에 대한 연구는 향후 개념의 시각적 연출을 위한 공간설계 기법의 기초자료를 마련하는 데 의의가 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1596-1604
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• 2004

QFD(Quality Function Deployment: 품질기능 전개도)는 상품개발과정에서 소비자의 요구가 손실되지 않고 최종제품의 생산에 반영되고 시장에 투입되도록 고안된 상품개발 기술의 일종이다. 본 연구에서는 착용감이 우수한 brassiere를 개발하는 과정에서 필요한 모든 정보를 획득하기 위하여 소비자가 요구하는 제품속성과 이 제품속성을 제품 기능에 반영할 수 있는 구체적인 연구 방법론을 제시하기 위해 QFD를 이용하여 그 효율성과 타당성을 검토해 보고자 하였다. Brassiere 착용쾌적성에 대한 소비자 요구 조사를 위해 30-40대의 주부 100명에게 설문조사를 실시하였다. 소비자 요구들 중 중요 항목을 선정하기 위해 중요도 순위 조사를 5점 척도로 조사한 후, 소비자 요구 항목들은 기술적 언어로 전환되었다. 제품에 대한 소비자의 주관적 평가인 소비자 경쟁 평가를 위해 10가지 시판 brassiere에 대한 착용실험이 $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C,\;65{\pm}3\%$ RH로 조절되는 인공기후실에서 실시되었다. 소비자 경쟁 평가치는 기술적 경쟁 평가의 물리적평가치와 비교함으로써, 적절한 기술적 언어를 발굴해 냈는가를 검증할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 쾌적성 있는 중년 여성의 brassiere를 개발하기 위해 도출된 소비자 요구는 종합적 착용 쾌적감, 맞음성-체형보정성, 움직임에 의한 브래지어의 위치 이동성, 압박감, 생리적 특성, 심미적 특성, 브래지어의 어깨끈 관련 특성 등 7가지로 나타났다. 이를 제품에 반영하기 위한 기술적 언어로는 3D측정 Data,소재의 물리적 특성, 심미적 특성, 생리적 측정치, 패턴, 압력 측정치 등으로 도출되었다.형 집단이 다른 두집단보다 더 활발한 불평행동을 취하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 정보지향형과 브랜드지향형 집단의 경우에는 서비스회복의 만족도론 높혀주는데 주력하고, 가격지향형 집단의 경우에는 불평행동이 보다 적극적으로 취해질수 있도록 유도하는 마케팅 전략을 서비스 회복 전략과 함께 구사하는 것이 보다 효과적 일 것이라 생각된다.TEX>$53\%$의 상동성이 각각 존재하는 것으로 확인하였다.)을 가지고 있음이 확인되었다. 사람에 직접적인 유해성을 가지고 있는 지 확인하기 위해 사람 방광 유래의 T-24세포와 장내 표피 유래의 Caco-2세포에 대한 부착능을 시험하였을 때, 16균주$(42.1\%)$가 T-24방광 세포에, 그리고 17균주$(44.7\%)$가 Caco-2장세포에 대해 강한 부착능을 나타내었다. 특히 11균주$(28.9\%)$는 두 세포 모두에 강한 부착능을 가지고 있었다. Filter mating method를 수행하여 이들 균주들의 독소 생산 유전자와 항생제 내성 유전자가 사람에서 분리된 균주로 전달되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 실험의 결과는 설사 중상을 나타내는 돼지로부터 분리된 용혈성 E. coli의 독성과 세포 부착능력, 그리고 항생제 내성간의 상호 연관성을 보여주지 않았으나 동물 분리 세균의 항생제 내성과 독소 생산 능력이 유전자 전달을 통해서 뿐만 아니라 세균의 직접 접촉에 의해서도 인체로 전달될 수 있는 것을 보여주는 것이다.다. 본 연구를 토대로 장시간의 체외순환에서는 신장기능을 대표하는 수치들에도 영향을 미칠 수 있으리라 예상되며, 신장 이외에 다른 주요 장기에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 더

• 공연문화연구
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• 제38호
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• pp.249-275
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• 2019

강릉농요는 제의적 생생력 연희는 중요하다. 특히 연희 과정에는 학산오독떼기와 싸대와 같은 김매기 소리도 불려져 농경의례적인 풍농기원을 보여주기도 하였다. 강릉농요의 활용론은 여건상 매력적이다. 단순한 지역행사용 기획으로 승산이 없다. 종합예술로서 강릉학산오독떼기는 지역성과 대표성, 세계성을 동시에 살려 나아가야 한다. 이를 발전 추이에 따라 세 방향으로 제시하였다. 2방향에서 3방향은 정부-지자체 중심의 지원을 중심으로 편재하지만, 특히 3방향은 대중이 참여하는 열린 아카이브로 콘텐츠 프로슈머 참여를 지향해야 한다. 전통콘텐츠의 생산에서 '다양성'과 '상호관계성'을 통해 OSMU는 끝없이 재창조되고 확산될 수 있도록 해야 한다. 강릉학산오독떼기의 전승 내용과 분석 근거를 바탕으로 콘텐츠활용에 대해 논의하였다. 농요를 공연하는 방식의 다양화 제안, 흥미유발의 민요극 등을 제안하였고 8마당의 기능별로 12종의 노래가 전하고 있는 점에 근거해서는 공연예술의 놀이적 국면도 주목한 콘텐츠 재창조의 측면도 제안하였다. 공연단체의 바람직한 담론성을 제안하면서 농요의 구연원리를 전제로 한 체험 프로그램 개발, 교육, 홍보, 소통 영역의 보강, 대동적 전통과 행사의 수요를 바탕으로 농요 프로그램 개발과 실천도 제안하였다. 가치창조의 필요성도 언급하면서 농요의 원형과 전형 위에 감성, 상상, 신명, 교감 등을 입히는 공연문화기술의 생명력이 강릉학산오독떼기에 보태져야 할 것이다. 강릉아리랑의 독립적 전승 측면도 긍정적이다. 지정에 따른 전통성을 축소, 규격화한 전승, 자발적 공연 전개의 미흡, 시연 중심 전승 유지의 어려움 등이 있다. 좁게 보존회가 스스로의 역량 강화 측면에서 교육과 활성화 방향을 주목하였다. 농요가 지니는 농경문학의 본연의 가치를 구현하여 모든 세계, 모든 생명과 소통과 나눔의 감동을 안겨주고 인본적 세계관과 감성으로 감화를 이끌어낼 수 있다. 농업유산 스토리텔링 재구성, 범일국사, 굴산사, 당간지주, 석천, 학바위 등의 구체적 형상물이나 신화와 연계된 스토리텔링과 융복합형 농요박물관 건립도 제안하였다. 문화재형 문화콘텐츠산업 측면에서 지자체를 포함한 기관의 적극적인 지원과 다양한 농요 스토리텔링 창작사업을 주문하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1974

This Study involved the development of a survey form and the collection of data in an effort-to provide information which can be used in the improvement of nursing curricula. The data examined were the kinds courses currently being taught in the curricula of nursing education institutions throughout Korea, credits required for course completion, and year in-which courses are taken. For the purposes of this study, curricula were classified into college, nursing school and vocational school categories. Courses were directed into the 3 major categories of general education courses, supporting science courses and professional education course, and further subdirector as. follows: 1) General education (following the classification of Philip H. phoenix): a) Symbolics, b) Empirics, c) Aesthetics. 4) Synthetics, e) Ethics, f) Synoptic. 2) Supporting science: a) physical science, b) biological science, c) social science, d) behavioral science, e) Health science, f) Educations 3) Professional Education; a) basic courses, b) courses in each of the respective fields of nursing. Ⅰ. General Education aimed at developing the individual as a person and as a member of society is relatively strong in college curricula compared with the other two. a) Courses included in the category of symbolics included Korean language, English, German. Chines. Mathematics. Statics: Economics and Computer most college curricula included 20 credits. of courses in this sub-category, while nursing schools required 12 credits and vocational school 10 units. English ordinarily receives particularly heavy emphasis. b) Research methodology, Domestic affair and women & courtney was included under the category of empirics in the college curricula, nursing and vocational school do not offer this at all. c) Courses classified under aesthetics were physical education, drill, music, recreation and fine arts. Most college curricula had 4 credits in these areas, nursing school provided for 2 credits, and most vocational schools offered 10 units. d) Synoptic included leadership, interpersonal relationship, and communications, Most schools did not offer courses of this nature. e) The category of ethics included citizenship. 2 credits are provided in college curricula, while vocational schools require 4 units. Nursing schools do not offer these courses. f) Courses included under synoptic were Korean history, cultural history, philosophy, Logics, and religion. Most college curricular 5 credits in these areas, nursing schools 4 credits. and vocational schools 2 units. g) Only physical education was given every Year in college curricula and only English was given in nursing schools and vocational schools in every of the curriculum. Most of the other courses were given during the first year of the curriculum. Ⅱ. Supporting science courses are fundamental to the practice and application of nursing theory. a) Physical science course include physics, chemistry and natural science. most colleges and nursing schools provided for 2 credits of physical science courses in their curricula, while most vocational schools did not offer t me. b) Courses included under biological science were anatomy, physiologic, biology and biochemistry. Most college curricula provided for 15 credits of biological science, nursing schools for the most part provided for 11 credits, and most vocational schools provided for 8 units. c) Courses included under social science were sociology and anthropology. Most colleges provided for 1 credit in courses of this category, which most nursing schools provided for 2 creates Most vocational school did not provide courses of this type. d) Courses included under behavioral science were general and clinical psychology, developmental psychology. mental hygiene and guidance. Most schools did not provide for these courses. e) Courses included under health science included pharmacy and pharmacology, microbiology, pathology, nutrition and dietetics, parasitology, and Chinese medicine. Most college curricula provided for 11 credits, while most nursing schools provide for 12 credits, most part provided 20 units of medical courses. f) Courses included under education included educational psychology, principles of education, philosophy of education, history of education, social education, educational evaluation, educational curricula, class management, guidance techniques and school & community. Host college softer 3 credits in courses in this category, while nursing schools provide 8 credits and vocational schools provide for 6 units, 50% of the colleges prepare these students to qualify as regular teachers of the second level, while 91% of the nursing schools and 60% of the vocational schools prepare their of the vocational schools prepare their students to qualify as school nurse. g) The majority of colleges start supporting science courses in the first year and complete them by the second year. Nursing schools and vocational schools usually complete them in the first year. Ⅲ. Professional Education courses are designed to develop professional nursing knowledge, attitudes and skills in the students. a) Basic courses include social nursing, nursing ethics, history of nursing professional control, nursing administration, social medicine, social welfare, introductory nursing, advanced nursing, medical regulations, efficient nursing, nursing english and basic nursing, College curricula devoted 13 credits to these subjects, nursing schools 14 credits, and vocational schools 26 units indicating a severe difference in the scope of education provided. b) There was noticeable tendency for the colleges to take a unified approach to the branches of nursing. 60% of the schools had courses in public health nursing, 80% in pediatric nursing, 60% in obstetric nursing, 90% in psychiatric nursing and 80% in medical-surgical nursing. The greatest number of schools provided 48 crudites in all of these fields combined. in most of the nursing schools, 52 credits were provided for courses divided according to disease. in the vocational schools, unified courses are provided in public health nursing, child nursing, maternal nursing, psychiatric nursing and adult nursing. In addition, one unit is provided for one hour a week of practice. The total number of units provided in the greatest number of vocational schools is thus Ⅲ units double the number provided in nursing schools and colleges. c) In th leges, the second year is devoted mainly to basic nursing courses, while the third and fourth years are used for advanced nursing courses. In nursing schools and vocational schools, the first year deals primarily with basic nursing and the second and third years are used to cover advanced nursing courses. The study yielded the following conclusions. 1. Instructional goals should be established for each courses in line with the idea of nursing, and curriculum improvements should be made accordingly. 2. Course that fall under the synthetics category should be strengthened and ways should be sought to develop the ability to cooperate with those who work for human welfare and health. 3. The ability to solve problems on the basis of scientific principles and knowledge and understanding of man society should be fostered through a strengthening of courses dealing with physical sciences, social sciences and behavioral sciences and redistribution of courses emphasizing biological and health sciences. 4. There should be more balanced curricula with less emphasis on courses in the major There is a need to establish courses necessary for the individual nurse by doing away with courses centered around specific diseases and combining them in unified courses. In addition it is possible to develop skill in dealing with people by using the social setting in comprehensive training. The most efficient ratio of the study experience should be studied to provide more effective, interesting education Elective course should be initiated to insure a man flexible, responsive educational program. 5. The curriculum stipulated in the education law should be examined.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.1056-1060
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• 2006

목 적 : 청각 장애는 정상 신생아 출생 1,000명 당 2-7명의 높은 발병률을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 임상적으로 조기발견이 어려워 평균 2-2.5세에 발견된다. 청각은 언어 및 인지발달에 중요한 영향을 미치므로 청각 장애의 조기 발견을 위한 신생아 청력 선별검사의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이에 연구자들은 정상 신생아를 대상으로 시행한 선별검사의 결과를 분석하여 신생아에서의 청각 장애의 빈도를 파악하고, 선별검사의 효용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2004년 7월부터 2005년 6월까지 성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성제일병원 신생아실에서 출생한 신생아 8,664명중 보호자의 신청에 의해 신생아 청력 선별검사를 시행한 정상 신생아 7,171명과 위험인자를 가진 47명 등 총 7,218명을 대상으로 하였다. 신생아 청력 선별검사는 $ALGO^{(3)}$ Newborn hearing screener를 이용하여 35 dB의 청각 자극에 대한 AABR을 시행하였다. 출생 2일째 1차 검사를 시행하였고, 1차 검사에서 통과하지 못한 경우 신생아실 퇴원 전 2차 검사를 시행하였으며 2차 검사에서 통과하지 못한 경우 생후 1개월에 삼성서울병원 이비인후과에서 추적검사를 시행하며 이후 추적관찰을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 선별검사를 받은 총 7,218명 중 7,163명이 정상 판정을 받았으며, 55명이 선별검사에서 재검 판정을 받아 재검율 0.8%이었다. 재검 판정자 중 생후 1개월에 추적 검사를 받지 않은 6명을 제외한 49명 중 정상으로 판정된 경우는 35명(71.4%)이었고, 청각 장애로 진단된 경우는 14명(28.6%)이었다. 추적검사에서 소실된 6명을 고려할 때 청각장애의 발생 빈도는 7,218명 중 14-20명이므로 1,000명 출생 당 1.9-2.8명으로 추정된다. 청각장애 14명 중 남:여 비율은 3.6:1이었으며 좌측이 장애인 경우가 64.3%로 우측(21.4%) 및 양측(14.3%)보다 높게 나타났다. 미숙아 등 위험 요인이 있는 47명 중 청각 장애인 경우는 8명(17.0%)으로 정상 신생아 7,171명에서의 발생 빈도(6명, 0.1%)보다 높았다. 청각 장애 14명 중 3명은 보청기로 치료를 시작하였으며, 나머지는 추적관찰 중에 있다. 결 론 : 신생아에서의 청각 장애의 비율은 신생아 1,000명당 1.9-2.8명으로 다른 연구자들의 연구와 비슷한 빈도를 나타내었다. 신생아에 대한 AABR은 신생아실에서 신속하게 시행할 수 있는 비침습적인 선별 검사이며, 보청기 등 조기치료를 가능하게 하는 유용한 검사로 판단된다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제9호
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• pp.171-193
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• 2010

This paper examines Fernand Khnopff's Symbolism, focusing on the I Lock My Door upon Myself as a manifesto of his artistic credo in style and theme. Its title was originally in English, originating from the poem "Who Shall Deliver Me?" by Dante Gabriel Rossetti's sister Christina Rossetti. I use the term "Social Symbolism" which combines a nationalist perspective with traditional French Symbolism, in order to explain how the image of Bruges is represented in his oeuvre. Symbolism calls for psychological introspection evoking death, love, silence, and solitude and recluse from realty in pursuit of the Unknown and the Ideal. Although Khnopff shared this idea, he departed from symbolist tradition by incorporating a political milieu in his paintings. First, I discuss Khnopff's early stage in the formation of his artistic concept, including his family background as well as his early opportunity to visit the Exposition Universelle in Paris where he formed his early interests in aesthetics, philosophy, literature, mythology and Egyptian art. His early works, La Painture, la Musique, la Poesie(1880-1881), Le Crise(1881), and En ecoutant Schuman(1883) reveal his favorite subjects which were quite prevalent in the symbolist traditions of both Belgium and France. By looking at Khnopff's paintings, I endeavor to situate his Symbolism in the context of the development of Belgian modernity and cultural nationalism. Second, my analysis of Khnopff creates a new overview of Symbolism in Europe, especially in Belgium. In the absence of socio-political integration, the Symbolist painter adds nostalgic meaning to the landscape of Bruges. The scene of Bruges illuminates the social atmosphere in Belgium at that time. Since Belgium became an independent country, it tried to differentiate its own cultural and national identity from France. There was a powerful social movement for Belgium to claim its own identity, language, and culture. Bruges was, for Symbolists, the epitome of Belgium's past glory. This encouraged the formation of Belgian nationalism centering on Brussels, as I demonstrate in Khnopff's Bruges-la-Morte(1892). The relationship between Symbolist artist and writers is crucial for understanding this development. Khnopff, for instance, illustrated or provided frontispieces for many Symbolist writers such as Rodenbach, Peladan, Spencer and Le Roy. Khnopff did not objectify the exact meaning, but rather provided his own subjective interpretation. In this respect, I Lock My Door, inspired by Rossetti, started from the same motif, but Khnopff seeked escape into silence and death while Rossetti searched for Christian salvation. Finally my paper deals with the social context in which Khnopff worked. He was a founding member of Les XX in 1883 and later La Libre Esthethetique he also participated in the exhibition of le Salon de la Rose + Croix. Les XX was not a particular school of art and did not have a uniform manifesto, but its exhibitions focused on decorative arts by encompassing art for all people via common, everyday objects. The Periodical, L'art moderne was founded to support this ideal by Edmond Picard and Maux. Les XX declared art as independent art, detached from all official connections. Khnopff designed the 1890 catalogue cover of Les XX and the 1891 cover. These designs show decorative element of Art Nouveau in an early example of "modern poster." Les XX pursued all art including graphic arts, prints, placard, posters and book illustrations and design. These forms of art were l'art social and this movement was formed by the social atmosphere in Belgium in terms of social reforms and strikes by working class. Khnopff designed the book cover for la Maison du Peuple. The artist, however, did not share the ideal egalitarianism of the working class to a certain degree, while he was working in his villa he designed under the ideal motto, "on n'a pas que," he expressed the nihilistic emotions toward society by the theme of interiority such as solitude, silence, narcissism, introspection, and introversion. In the middle of his Symbolism, we find the "cultural nostalgia" or longing that the artist develops in the I Lock My Door upon Myself. Khnopff's longing toward the lost city of "Bruges" form the crux of his "Social Symbolism."