• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2022

Neuroinflammation is known to be associated with brain injury in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the inhibition of microglial activation, a key player in inflammatory response, is considerd as important target for AD. In this study, the ethanol extract of aerial parts of Forsythia velutina Nakai, a Korean native species, significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Thus, the active principles in F. velutina aerial parts were isolated based on activity-guided isolation method. As a result, six compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated based on NMR data and the comparison with the relevant references as arctigenin (1), matairesinol (2), rengyolone (3), ursolic acid (4), secoisolariciresinol (5), and arctiin (6). Among them, four compounds including arctigenin (1), matairesinol (2), secoisolariciresinol (5), and arctiin (6) significantly inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, matairesinol (2) and secoisolariciresinol (5) reduced 60% of NO production compared to LPS-treated group. This inhibitory effects of matairesinol (2) and secoisolariciresinol (5) were accompanied with the reduced expression levels of iNOS and COX-2. These results suggest that the extract of F. velutina and its active compounds could be beneficial for neuroinflammatory diseases including AD.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.201-204
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• 2006

Four lignans were isolated from the $CH_2Cl_2-soluble$ fraction of the stem barks of Kalopanax septemlobus and their structures were established as (-)-7R,8S-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (1), (-)-simulanol (2), (-)-secoisolariciresinol (3), and $({\pm})-liriodendrin$ (4) based on the spectroscopic methods including MS, $^1H-$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ spectral data.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2009

Column chromatographic separation of the alcoholic extract from the roots of Berberis amurensis yielded eight phenolic constituents including six lignans, hanultarin (1), (-)-secoisolariciresinol (3), (+)-lyoniresinol (5), (+)-syringaresinol (6), (+)-syringaresinol-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (7), liriodendrin (8), and two phenylpropanoids, 4-glucosyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl trans-propenoic ethyl ester (2), trans-ferulic acid (4). The structures were determined on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data. All isolated compounds(1-8) were reported for the first time from this source. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines in vitro using sulforhodamin B bioassay.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.194.3-194.3
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• 2003

As a part of an ongoing collaborative program to discover novel bioactive components of plant origin, the stem barks of Kalopanax septemlobus were extracted with MeOH, and successively partitioned with CH$_2$Cl$_2$, EtOAc, BuOH and water. Repeated column chromatographic separation of the CH$_2$Cl$_2$ fraction resulted in the isolation of four compounds. Their structures were identified as vladinol E (1), (-)-simulanol｛4-［3-hydroxymethyl-5-((E)-3-hydroxypropenyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl］-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol｝ (2), vladinol F (3), and (${\pm}$)-secoisolariciresinol (4). This is the first report on the isolation of these compounds from Kalopanax species.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2011

The ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen responsible for Fusarium head blight in small grains and ear rot on maize. This fungus also produces the estrogenic metabolite, zearalenone (ZEA) that causes estrogenic disorders in humans and animals. Previously, we developed a conditional gene expression system for this fungus using a ZEA-inducible promoter (Pzear). In the present study, four other estrogenic compounds, including ${\beta}$-estradiol, estriol, estrone, and secoisolariciresinol, were screened as possible substitutes for ZEA in this system. Among them, ${\beta}$-estradiol was able to successfully induce the expression of a gene controlled by Pzear, while estrone was only able to partially induce its expression but the other two compounds were not effective. In combination, these results demonstrate that ${\beta}$-estradiol can replace ZEA in this conditional gene expression system, thereby eliminating the need to use the more expensive reagent, ZEA, and facilitating high-throughput functional analyses of F. graminearum in future studies.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2011

Eleven compounds were isolated from fresh leaves of Abies koreana (Pinaceae), and structures of these compounds were determined to be 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone (1), maltol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (2), (-)-epicatechin (3), naringenin 7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4), naringenin-7-O-rhamnoglucoside (5), kaempferol 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (6), (+)-isolariciresinol (7), secoisolariciresinol (8), rhododendrol (9), ferulic acid (10) and 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one (rheosmin) (11) by comparing $^1H$-, $^{13}C$-NMR and MS spectroscopic data with reference values. Compounds 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 were isolated for the first time from A. koreana. Among eleven isolates, compounds 1, 7 and 11 showed inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglia in a concentration dependent manner.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.102-106
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• 2006

The phytoestrogens including isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, biochanin A, formononetin, and glycitein), coumestrol, and lignans (secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, and anhydrosecoisolariciresinol) were quantified in edible sea vegetables from Korea. Sea vegetable samples were collected based on domestic consumption data. After hydrolysis of phytoestrogen glycosides in prepared samples, aglycones of phytoestrogens were extracted with diethyl ether and analyzed with isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode (ID-GC-MS-SIM). Total samples included 19 samples representing eight species. Most of the samples showed rather low concentrations, ranging from not determinated to $79.2\;{\mu}g/kg$ for isoflavones and from 106.4 to $694.8\;{\mu}g/kg$ for lignans. The daily intake of phytoestrogen from sea vegetables, estimated from the present data and domestic consumption data, was about $0.13\;{\mu}g/day$ for isoflavones and $2.0\;{\mu}g/day$ for lignans. When we compared these results with those from legumes, sea vegetables would not be considered the major source of phytoestrogens in the Korean diet.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.543-551
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• 2022

There has been increased interest in lignans due to their potential effect in reducing the risk of developing several diseases. To evaluate lignan contents, sensitive and accurate methods should be developed for their quantification in food. The present study aimed to validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of 5 lignans: lariciresinol (Lar), matairesinol (Mat), pinoresinol (Pin), secoisolariciresinol (Seco), and syringaresinol (Syr). The validation included selectivity, linearity, recovery, accuracy, and precision. The method was proved to be specific, with a linear response (R²≥0.99). The limits of detection were 0.040~0.765 ㎍/100 g and the limits of quantification were 0.114~1.532 ㎍/100 g. Recoveries were 90.588~109.053% for black sesame powder. Relative standard deviations of repeatability and reproducibility were below 5%. Total lignan contents of roasted coffee bean, oat, and blacksoy bean were 105.702 ㎍/100 g, 78.965 ㎍/100 g, and 165.521 ㎍/100 g, respectively. These results showed that LC-MS/MS analysis would be effective in producing acceptable sensitivity, accuracy, and precision in five lignan analyses.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 2018

We investigated the effect of paclobutrazol (PB) and prohexadione-Ca (PC) on seed yield, and the content of oils and endogenous gibberellin in flax grown in a greenhouse. Flax seedlings were cultivated in a greenhouse with average ambient temperature ranging from $35^{\circ}C$ to $38^{\circ}C$ during the growing period, and then PB and PC were applied on the leaves. The height of flax plants was reduced significantly by the foliar application of PB and PC. The highest ripening seed rate recorded was 94.5% with 2000 ppm PC; a 10.3% increase compared with that of the control. Both PB and PC markedly increased the fructification of flax seed. The application of two plant growth retardants resulted in higher seed production in flax seedlings grown in open field than in those grown in a greenhouse. The highest oil content was observed in flax treated with PC, whereas, the lowest oil content was observed in flax treated with PB. The oil content and ratio of unsaturated fatty acids were higher in flax seedlings grown in greenhouse than in those grown in open field. The level of two endogenous bioactive gibberellins ($GA_1$ and $GA_4$) in flax seeds decreased with the application of PB and PC. The flax plants treated with PB and PC presented higher secoisolariciresinol diglucoside content than that of the control. The optimal concentration of PC was found to be 2000 ppm. In conclusion, the foliar application of 2000 ppm PC might be useful in increasing oil content and seed production in flax plants.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.81-94
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• 2018

This review discusses the characteristics of major lignans and related studies and provides a basis for future studies. Lignans are present in various food products consumed daily, such as flaxseed and other seeds, vegetables, fruits, and beverages including coffee, tea, and wine. Lignans are natural phytoestrogens with a structure similar to that of secoisolariciresinol (Seco), mataireinol (Mat), pinoresinol (Pin), medioresinol (Med), lariciresinol (Lari), and syringaresinol, which is then converted to enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), which are mammalian lignans and the primary biologically active enterolignans, by the intestinal microflora. The associations between lignans and a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease are promising; however, they are not yet well-established, probably owing to low lignan intake in habitual Western diets. Nonetheless, these associations were more prominent at the higher doses in interventional studies. Many studies on humans and animals have reported the benefits of lignan consumption in protecting against CVD and metabolic syndrome by reducing lipid and glucose concentrations. END and ENL reportedly exert protective effects including phytoestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects through various mechanisms. Moreover, lignans reportedly exert beneficial effects in breast, colon, and prostate cancer and osteoporosis have reported that. However, future studies are required to confirm the association between lignan and disease.