• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.254-264
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• 2019

This paper proposes an indirect current control technique based on a proportional resonant (PR) approach for the seamless mode transfer of utility interactive inverters. Direct-current and voltage hybrid control methods have been used for inverter control under grid-connected and islanded modes. A large bandwidth can be selected due to the structure of single-loop control. However, this results in poor dynamic transients due to sudden changes of the controller during mode changes. Therefore, inverter control based on indirect current is proposed to improve the dynamic transients by consistently controlling the output voltage under all of the operation modes. A PR-based indirect current control topology is used in this study to maintain the load voltage quality under all of the modes. The design processes of the PR-based triple loop are analyzed in detail while considering the system stability and dynamic transients. The mode transfer techniques are described in detail for both sudden unintentional islanding and islanded mode voltage quality improvements. In addition, they are described using the proposed indirect control structure. The proposed method is verified by the PSiM simulations and laboratory-scale VDER-HILS experiments.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.151-152
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 병렬연결 인버터의 seamless mode transfer를 위한 제어기 설계를 수행하였다. 인버터의 경우 계통연계 모드에서는 전류원으로 동작하기 때문에 간접전류를 기반으로 제어를 실행하였고, 단독 운전에서는 인버터가 전압원으로 간주되기에 전압 제어가 필요하다. 또한 여러 대의 분산 발전원에 대해 동일 부하 분담을 위해 드룹제어를 이용하였다. 이러한 제어기들은 PR제어를 기반으로 하여 특정 주파수에 높은 이득을 가지게 하여 제어효율을 향상시켰다. 모드 변환 과정에 있어 전압의 변동을 최대한 줄이기 위한 제어 계획을 수립하였고, 이를 Psim 시뮬레이션으로 증명하였다.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.396-405
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• 2009

An interlocking equipment of railway signalling systems should have very high functional safety and reliability properties because of its vital railway protection functionality. In order to achieve the required safety and reliability level, an engineer, in general, designs and implements the interlocking equipment to operate under RTOS(Realtime Operating System) environment, and the control hardware architecture redundant to cope with the random failures of system or subsystem. In such an architecture, it's very difficult to implement the interlocking equipment to communicate with various interface systems including the signal operator's terminal. In this paper, we propose a dual ethernet network topology and dual packet seamless transfer protocol algorithm for railway signaling system such as the interlocking equipment. We verify in this paper that the proposed DPST protocol algorithm has the evidence of its robust properties against the random hardware faults and communication errors. The proposed communication structure and algorithm is implemented in the electronic interlocking equipment for the private railway system of Hyundai Steel Company and its performance and properties are validated on the guideline of European Railway Standard EN50159.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.200-206
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• 2016

In the microgrid, inverters for energy storage system are generally constructed in a parallel structure because of capacity expandability, convenience of system maintenance, and reliability improvement. Parallel inverters are required to provide stable voltage to the critical load in PCC and to accurately share the current between each inverter. Furthermore, when islanding occurs, the inverters should change its operating mode from grid-connected mode to stand-alone mode. However, during clearing time and control mode change, the conventional control method has a negative impact on the critical load, that is, severe fluctuating voltage. In this study, a parallel operation control method is proposed. This method provides seamless mode transfer for the entire transition period, including clearing time and control mode change, and has accurate current sharing between each inverter. The proposed control method is validated through simulation and experiment.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 2014

In DC micro-grid system energy storage systems (ESS) are responsible for storing energy and balancing power. Also, control target of the bidirectional DC-DC converter(BDC) for ESS should be changed depending on the operating mode. During the grid connected mode, the BDC controls the battery current or voltage. When a grid fault occurs, the BDC should change the control target to regulate the DC-bus. The BDC with conventional control method may experience large transient state during the mode change. This paper proposes a control method of BDC for ESS. The proposed control method is able to provide autonomous and seamless mode transfer by a variable current limiter. To validate the proposed concept, simulation results using PSIM and experimental results from a 2kW prototype are provided.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1821-1832
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• 2016

This study presents a strategy using the synchronized output regulation method (SOR) for controlling inverters operating in stand-alone and grid-connected modes. From the view point of networked dynamic systems, SOR involves nodes with outputs that are synchronized but also display a desirable wave shape. Under the SOR strategy, the inverter and grid are treated as two nodes that comprise a simple network. These two nodes work independently under the stand-alone mode. An intermediate mode, here is named the synchronization mode, is emphasized because the transition from the stand-alone mode to the grid-connected mode can be dealt as a standard SOR problem. In the grid-connected mode, the inverter operates in an independent way, in which the voltage reference changes for generalized synchronization where its output current satisfies the required power injection. Such a relatively independent design leads to a seamless transfer between operation modes. The closed-loop system is analyzed in the state space on the basis of the output regulation theory, which improves the robustness of the design. Simulations and experiments are performed to verify the proposed control strategy.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1066-1073
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• 2015

This paper proposes a control strategy based on the frequency detection method, comprising a current control and a feed-forward voltage control loop, is proposed for grid-interactive power conditioning systems (PCS). For continuous provision of power to critical loads, PCS should be able to check grid outages instantaneously. Hence, proposed in the present paper are a frequency detection method for detecting abnormal grid conditions and a controller, which consists of a current controller and a feedforward voltage controller, for different operation modes. The frequency detection method can detect abnormal grid conditions accurately and quickly. The controller which has current and voltage control loops rapidly helps in load voltage regulation when grid fault occurs by changing reference and control modes. The proposed seamless transfer control strategy is confirmed by experimental results.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.155-156
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• 2015

본 논문은 마이크로그리드의 seamless mode transfer 를 위한 부하 위치에 따른 고조파 보상 기능을 가진 간접 전류 제어기법을 다루고 있다. 분산 발전 기반의 마이크로그리드는 계통 연계 모드와 독립 운전 모드시 각각 전류 제어기와 전압 제어기로 정의되며 각 모드에서 고품질의 전력공급을 위하여 강인한 제어기가 필요되어진다. 이때 계통 왜곡이나 비선형 부하의 연결등은 시스템의 전력 품질 악화를 초래할 수 있으며 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 본 논문에서는 계통연계 모드 뿐만 아니라 독립 운전 모드에서도 사용 가능한 비례공진 제어 기반의 간접 전류 제어기법을 제안하였고 부하 위치에 따른 고조파 보상 기법과 안정적인 모드변환을 동시에 고려하였다. 또한 비례 공진 제어기의 실용적인 모델을 사용함으로 인해 때때로 야기되는 독립 운전시의 전압 크기 감소에 대한 대책으로 적용이 간편한 전압 회복 기법도 추가되었다. 결과적으로 비선형 부하를 공급하기 위한 제안된 방식은 계통 연계와 독립 운전 모드에서 안정적인 전력 공급과 모드 절환 특성을 가짐을 PSIM 시뮬레이션을 통해 입증되었다.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2006

Distributed generation (DG) systems go to intentional islanding operation to back up private emergency loads when the main grid is out of electric power. Conventional utility interactive inverters normally operated in current control mode in DG system must change their operation mode into voltage control mode to ensure stable voltage source to the emergency loads when intentional islanding operation occurs. During the transfer between current control mode and voltage control mode, serious transient problem may occur on the output terminal voltage of the utility interactive inverter. This paper proposes reasonal inverter topology and its control algorithm for seamless transfer of DG systems in intentional islanding operation. Filter design guide line and data for a LCL filter that is appropriate for the proposed control algorithm are also presented by the authors.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.10-17
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• 2001

For high-speed Internet services, considerations on interworking methods are required for interworking between networks with different technologies. lnterworking and structures in interworking point nodes can affect on transfer efficiency. This paper proposes interworking procedures and functions of the edge routers for overhead reduction in MPOA-MPLS networks. The MPLS networks can be based on ATM technology. Therefore, we consider ATM seamless connections for the interworking and compare the proposed method with that without seamless connection. We perform computer simulations to get both of the transfer delays and throughputs for the comparison., we describe required interworking functions and operations in the edge routers.