• 수산경영론집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.143-161
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• 2015

This study presents a comparative analysis on mackerel distribution process and price formation process, and investigation of price and margin between traditional markets and Large-scale discount store distribution channel. Through this, the study investigated distribution efficiency of each channel, and examined whether a difference of distribution efficiency leads to a difference of performance through the investigation of a difference of function and role between members of a wholesale market and vendor of Large scale discount store. The following are the results of this study. As a consequence of investigating supply and sum by distribution channel of mackerel, it appeared that mackerels shipped from port market are distributed into 9 consumption sites(Wholesale market, Large scale discount store, Institutional Food Service, etc.). In the comparison of distribution efficiency between traditional retail store and Large scale discount store 52.0% margin is formed in traditional retail store distribution channel and 43.1% margin is formed in Large scale discount store, and a distribution cost rate consists of 19.4% cost in a traditional retail store for fishery products and 18.1% cost in a Large-scale discount store. To analyze a difference of performance, the study examine a difference of role and function between vendor and Wholesale market company, wholesaler and middleman. Wholesale market company and middleman of wholesale market for consumer have slightly high or similar score in collection function, sorting function, evaluation function and financial function which are traditional and original. However, it was confirmed that vendor has a better score in other functions, that is, newly-demanded functions(ex : market frontier function, product development function, Integral Distribution Function, etc.).

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2011

The notion that dental amalgam is a potential source of mercury exposure remains a controversial issue. However, there are few epidemiological analyses that have addressed whether this occurs in children. We aimed in our current study to identify the relationship between dental amalgam filling surfaces and the blood mercury levels in a cohort of 711 South Korean children aged between 8-9 years. Oral examinations were conducted to detect the number of amalgam filling surfaces on the teeth of these individuals. Blood samples were also taken from these children to assess the levels of mercury accumulation in the body. The amalgam filling surfaces were classified into four groups based on their number: 0 (n = 368), 1-5 (n = 219), 6-10 (n = 89), and 11+ (n = 35). The blood mercury levels in the children with more than 10 amalgam surfaces was 0.47 ${\mu}g$/L higher on average than those with no amalgam surfaces after adjusting for the frequency of fish or seafood consumption, age, and gender (P < 0.05). We found from our data that a higher number of dental amalgam fillings correlated with a higher blood mercury level in Korean children. Further studies are needed to investigate whether these elevated mercury levels exert neurotoxic or nephrotoxic effects.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.15-35
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• 2012

Mercury (Hg) is a global environmental pollutant that has been the cause of many public concerns. One particular concern about Hg in aquatic systems is its trophic transfer and biomagnification in food chains. For example, the Hg concentration increases with the increase of food chain level. Fish at the top of food chain can accumulate high concentrations of Hg (especially the toxic form, methylmercury, MeHg), which is then transferred to humans through seafood consumption. Various biological and physiochemical conditions can significantly affect the bioaccumulation of Hg-including both its inorganic (Hg(II)) and organic (MeHg) forms-in fish. There have been numerous measurements of Hg concentrations in marine and freshwater fish worldwide. Many of these studies have attempted to identify the processes leading to variations of Hg concentrations in fish species from different habitats. The development of a biokinetic model over the past decade has helped improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the bioaccumulation processes of Hg in aquatic animals. In this review, I will discuss how the biokinetic modeling approach can be used to reveal the interesting biodynamics of Hg in fish, such as the trophic transfer and exposure route of Hg(II) and MeHg, as well as growth enrichment (the increases in Hg concentration with fish size) and biomass dilution (the decreases in Hg concentration with increasing phytoplankton biomass). I will also discuss the relevance of studying the subcellular fates of Hg to predict the Hg bioaccessibility and detoxification in fish. Future challenges will be to understand the inter- and intra-species differences in Hg accumulation and the management/mitigation of Hg pollution in both marine and freshwater fish based on our knowledge of Hg biodynamics.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the associations of food security with socio-demographic characteristics, nutrient intakes and mental health status among older Korean adults. Methods: This study was conducted using data from the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects were 4,451 adults aged 65~98 years. Food security was measured using a self-reported question on food sufficiency of subjects' household. Based on the answers, study subjects were classified into secure, mildly insecure, moderately insecure, and severely insecure groups. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient intake was assessed by dietary reference intakes (DRI). As for mental health status, the data on mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were used. Results: Rate of food insecurity in older adults was 14.3%. Old age, being female, low education, low income level, living alone, and discomfort in daily living were more related to food insecurity. Means of nutrient intakes were significantly different according to food security status. Intakes of calcium, potassium, and vitamin $B_2$ were lower than recommended intakes in all groups. Consumption amounts of soy and soybean products, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, vegetable oils, meats, eggs, seafood, and dairy products were lower in food insecure groups. Mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were higher in food insecure groups independent of the gender and income level. Conclusions: These present findings suggested that food security is related to mental health as well as nutrition status in older Korean adults. A national system that include food and psychosocial support programs for the elderly should be considered in order to improve the overall health of older Korean adults.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.191-208
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• 2024

펩타이드형 독소인 마이크로시스틴(microcystins, MCs)과 노둘라린(nodularin, NOD)은 남조류라고도 알려진 시아노박테리아에 의해 생성되는 2차 대사산물로, 독소에 오염된 물, 토양 및 비료를 사용함으로써 농산물 내에 축적되고 이를 사람이 섭취함으로써 건강상 위해가 발생할 수 있다. 최근 MCs과 NOD의 농산물 내 오염에 대한 관심이 대두되며 국내외에서 여러 분석법을 기반으로 농산물 내 오염 수준을 조사하고 있다. 하지만 아직까지 수행된 연구가 많지 않으며, 특히 펩타이드형 독소 중 MCs의 분석 연구에 치중되어 있거나 오염 취약 지역에서 재배한 농산물이 주로 오염도 조사에 사용되는 등 연구에 한계가 있으므로 MCs과 NOD의 관리를 위해서는 보다 많은 체계적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 체계적인 모니터링 및 안전관리의 기반을 마련하기 위해 MCs 및 NOD의 이화학적 특성, 독성, 분석법, 오염사례 및 관리현황에 대해 기술하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2024

This study analyzed domoic acid (DA), the causative agent of amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), in shellfish produced in Jinhae Bay, Korea. From January 2018 to December 2020, samples were collected at least once a month from 10 sites in Jinhae bay. This included 170 mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and 241 oysters Crassostrea gigas. Domoic acid was detected in some samples in collected 2018 and 2019; however, all levels were significantly below the regulatory level of 20 mg/g. Domoic acid was not detected until 2020.Moreover, the detection trend of domoic acid did not show a clear correlation with the shellfish species or season. Calculation of body exposure to domoic acid through shellfish consumption showed that it was below the health-based guidance values in all cases. These results can be used as basic data on domoic acid in shellfish produced in shellfish growing areas and as policy data for the supply of safe seafood. In addition, considering the possibility of changes in marine biotoxins due to changes in aquatic environments, continuous monitoring is necessary.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.275-291
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• 1998

Food irradiation is an emerging technology which offers many advantages such as reduction of microorganisms, extension of shelf-life of foods, reduction in the use of post-harvest chemicals, and destruction of insects and parasites. The commercial utilization of food irradiation, however, has been restricted because of the uncertainty of consumers' responses to it. Because success of food irradiation in the marketplace will depend upon their acceptability by consumers, this study focused on the consumers' perception and acceptance toward food irradiation in order to get basic data for commercial utilization of food irradiation and give information to consumers to help rational consumption behavior. The survey with 411 respondents living in Youngnam area was conducted during the spring of 1997 by the questionnaires. The results and implications from this study are as follows. First, consumers' knowledge about food irradiation is scanty. Two-thirds of respondents in the survey had not heard of irradiated foods and many people confused irradiation with radioactivity. In the willingness to accept food irradiation, one-third of respondents showed a wait-and-see attitude. This result indicated consumers had insufficient information about the irradiation process and nationwide education of food irradiation technology should be undertaken. Second, although the purchase and use of food are very important consumption behaviors, consumer education by mass communication has been rarely done. For the successful commercialization of food irradiation, the information provision by mass communication for the consumers should be made. Third, consumers generally worried about residual pesticide and intended to purchase irradiated foods if radioactivity was not retained in the foods. Therefore, food irradiation could be an alternative method to the use of pesticide Fourth, consumers pointed out that they wanted to extend shelf-life of milk and dairy foods, fish and seafood and to irradiate these foods. Therefore, research for the safety of irradiated foods should be continually conducted. finally, labeling for irradiated foods is needed to provide the information and to further increase public understanding. Especially, the labeling should show the definite reason why irradiation is being used. In conclusion, recently, under the circumstances that the commercial utilization of food irradiation and irradiation for the import and export products have been increased in many countries, many efforts are needed to improve the quality of irradiated foods, and prove the safety of them in Korea. In addition, consumer education for food irradiation should be given to help consumers to make decision for food purchase and use.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2016

어류 질병은 매년 대규모 해산물 양식 및 소비량에 따라 증가하고 있으며, 이를 예방 및 치료하기 위해 항생제인 OTC (Oxytetracycline)를 사용하고 있다. 하지만 이는 부적절한 사용 및 오남용을 하게 되면 인체 내 통증을 유발시킬 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 간이시험법 및 HPLC 분석과 함께 OTC의 약욕 처리 및 경구 투여에 따른 넙치의 피부, 간, 근육에 관해 연구하였다. 약욕처리구는 물 1톤당 25 g의 농도로 1시간 1회 실시 하였고, OTC의 투여 농도를 어체중 kg 당 62.5 mg을 사료에 혼합시켜 7일간 경구 투여하였다. 미생물학적간이 검사법에서 약욕 처리구는 피부 직후에서만 양성을 보였고 경구 투여구에서는 77일째 양성으로 조사되었다. 그리고 근육은 14일째까지 양성을 보였다. HPLC 분석에서는 약욕 처리구인 간에서는 13일째, 피부는 37일째 잔해가 남은 것을 확인할 수 있었고 근육에서는 발견하지 못했다. 경구 투여구인 피부에서는 높은 농도(1.07 mg/kg)로 나타났으며, 간에서는 소량(0.56 mg/kg)을 나타냈으며 42일째의 근육에서는 남아 있지 않았다. 종합적으로 어류 양식장에서 사용 되는 OTC의 휴약 기간을 40일로 준수하면 OTC는 거의 잔류하지 않고 우리 몸에 무해하나 영양물질의 중간대사 또는 저장, 해독 등의 중요한 역할을 하는 간과 어체의 몸의 표면을 보호하고 감각작용을 하는 역할을 하는 피부는 근육에 남아 있는 OTC의 잔류량보다 몇 배의 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 하지만 이는 이전 연구에 따르면 OTC의 잔류량은 조리 온도에 따라 감소될 것으로 추측 된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 경기도 내 유통되고 있는 다소비 생선류 100건을 대상으로 납, 수은(메틸수은 포함), 카드뮴의 오염도 및 셀레늄의 함량을 알아보았다. 금아말감법의 수은분석기, ICP-MS, GC-ECD를 사용하여 측정하였으며 각 항목별 평균함량은 Pb 0.0915(0.0021-0.4490) mg/kg, Cd 0.0084(ND-0.1773) mg/kg, Hg 0.0412(0.0013-0.3032) mg/kg으로 모두 기준규격 이하로 나타났다. 셀레늄은 수은과 결합하여 수은의 독성을 감소시키는 것으로 알려져 있는데 본 연구에서 조사된 생선류에서는 셀레늄의 평균함량이 0.4044(0.1981-1.0227) mg/kg이었다. 규격 외 항목인 메틸수은은 100건 중 갈치와 대구 2개 시료에서 각각 0.0677 mg/kg, 0.2941 mg/kg로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 다소비 생선류를 통한 납, 수은 및 카드뮴의 총 섭취량은 JECFA에서 설정한 PTWI 및 PTMI의 0.97%, 3.42% 및 0.45%로 조사되었다. 따라서 도내에서 유통되는 생선류의 섭취는 납, 수은, 카드뮴 등의 위해에서 안전하다고 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2017

Dimethylamine(DMA), 질산염, 아질산염, biogenic amines은 발암성 니트로사민의 전구물질이다. 본 연구는 국내 상품 김치로 유통되고 있는 국내산 배추김치, 깍두기, 총각김치, 맛김치, 묵은김치, 백김치의 김치 내 DMA, 질산염, 아질산염, biogenic amines의 오염도를 조사하였다. 배추김치 내 DMA, 질산염, 아질산염 함량은 각각 29.7, 2,178.8, 3.0 mg/kg이었다. 김치 종류 중에서 깍두기의 DMA와 질산염 함량이 가장 낮았다. Tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermidine이 백김치와 총각김치를 제외한 분석된 김치 내 검출되었다. 백김치 내 tryptamine이 단지흔적량 존재하고 spermidine은 총각김치에서는 검출되지 않았다. 배추김치 내 tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermidine의 함량은 각각 15.0, 64.6, 18.0, 44.0, 7.8 mg/kg이었다. 깍두기 내 tyramine의 함량이 낮았다. 깍두기 내 NDMA의 오염도를 분석하였고, 그 평균 함량은 $1.38{\mu}g/kg$이었다. 깍두기 1일 평균 섭취량과 체중을 근거로 깍두기 섭취군의 NDMA 인체노출량을 산출한 결과 깍두기 섭취로 인한 NDMA 노출량은 $2.31{\times}10^{-7}mg/kg\;b.w./d$로 나타났으며, 노출안전역(MOE)은 259,924로 위해 정도가 매우 낮은 안전한 수준으로 나타났다.