• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.697-704
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• 2013

The aim of this paper is to represent about the actual conditions of manpower supply in seaman's competency certificate of fishing vessel. Data used here were based on Korea Seafarer's Statistical Year Book(2007~2011) issued by Ministry of Land, Transport, Maritime Affairs and Alma Mater of employed Seafarer's issued by Korea Seafarer's Welfare & Employment Center, and concerned various laws. The results are as follows : 1. The demanding officers(DO) in the present fishing vessels as minimum boarding standard of Ships Officers Act figured up 5,929 persons totally. Those are divided into officers of 2,988 persons and engineers of 2,941 persons. 2. Comparing DO with now boarding officer members, incase of Coastal & near-ocean fishing vessels exceeded approximately 11.5%(478 persons), but Ocean-going fishing vessels were short supply about 26.7%(477 persons). 3. In spite of ships officers' lacking in Ocean-going, boarding officers until now are only 3.5%(133 persons) annually of alma members in various fisheries schools.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2021

This study aimed to determine the importance of the policies formulated through the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries' master plan for Seafarer's policy. To confirm the importance of the Seafarer's policy, AHP analysis was conducted on the 3 main policies and 15 auxiliary policies established by the master plan for Seafarer's policy. To analyze the reliability of the survey, we investigated the inconsistency ratio of 34 respondents retrieved. We found that 25 respondents validated the reliability of the findings. The analysis showed that the policy of establishing a stable supply and demand system was the most important among the main policies for seafarers, while the policy of fostering seafarers linked to jobs was the most important one among the auxiliary policies. By group, the government recognized establishing a stable supply and demand system as a priority of policy. Dif erences were found on the fact that improving working conditions and expanding welfare were important for seafarers. This study, which analyzed the importance of the Seafarer's policy through AHP analysis, has the following implications. We established guidelines to enhance efficiency, such as budget allocation by policy according to the importance in implementing Seafarer's policies. Furthermore, our study can be used as basic data for establishing a master plan for Seafarer's policy by comparing differences in importance per group.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2014

The comprehensive review of the STCW 1978, as amended in 1995 and associated Code was carried out from 2006 to 2010. These amendments will have a certain degree of impact on Maritime Education and Training(MET) institutes in terms of education and training of seafarer worldwide. Particularly, the Far East region countries are effected more than other regions since they covered about 30% of officers and 37% ratings in the world. In view of these facts this dissertation conceived to analyze the problems in the Far East main seafarer supply countries faced the implementation of "STCW Manila Amendments" To analyze these problems, this dissertation carried out questionnaire research to 7 targeted main MET of major Far East seafarer supply countries. After research this dissertation suggests the possible solutions such as, Joint On-Board Training Center; Joint Asia Maritime E-learning Systems; methods to reducing work-load, ship inspection burden and determine mandatory minimum safety manning standards in a safe way; technical cooperation fund to installation of training equipment; and clarify vague terminology of STCW Manila Amendments, to solve problems identified through the questionnaires.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.149-163
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• 2016

Seafarers are an essential resource in maritime industries, which provide navigation skills, vessel maneuvering skills and fishing skills in the fishery industry. They also work as a driving force in pilotage, port operation, vessel traffic service, and marine safety. Other areas in maritime services, which rely on seafarer include safety management of ships, supervisory activities, and maritime accident assessment. In these ways, Korean seafarers have contributed to the growth of Korean economy. However, there have been issues of high separation rate, shortage of supply, multi-nationality, multiplicity of culture caused by employment of foreign seafarers, and aging. The present paper finds that maritime officers and fishery officers demonstrate differences in the statistics of on-board job taking and separation: the separation rate of fishery officers is higher than that of maritime officers. The existing data and statistics by the Korea Seafarer's Welfare & Employment Center could be improved by changing its structure from time series to panel data. The Korea Seafarer's Welfare & Employment Center is the ideal institution for collecting the panel data, as it has already accumulated and published relevant statistics regarding seafarer. The basic design method of the panel data is to adopt and improve it by including the information on ratings of maritime and fishery industries, ranks in a ship, personal information, family life, and career goal. Panel data are useful in short- and long-term forecasts of supply of Korean seafarers; demand evaluation of education, training, and reeducation of the seafarers; demographical dynamic analysis on Korean seafarers; inducement policy of long-term on board job taking in harmony with man-power demands in marine industries such as pilotage service; implementation of job attractiveness policy on Korean seafarers; and employment stabilization of Korean seafarers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1038-1043
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• 2021

Guaranteed seafarer wage payment is essential to ensure a stable supply of seafarers. However, disputes over non-payment of wages to seafarers often occur. In this study, an automatic wage payment system was designed using a blockchain-based smart contract to resolve the problem of seafarers' wage arrears. The designed system consists of an information register, a matching processing unit, a review rating management unit, and wage remittance before deploying smart contracts. The matching process was designed to send an automatic notification to seafarers and shipowners if the sum of the weight of the four variables, namely wages, ship type/fishery, position, and license, exceeded a pre-defined threshold. In addition, a review rating management system, based on a combination of mean and median, was presented to serve as a medium to mutually fulfill the normal working conditions. The smart contract automatically fulfills the labor contract between the parties without an intermediary. This system will naturally resolve problems such as fraudulent advance payment to seafarers, embezzlement by unregistered employment agencies, overdue wages, and forgery of seafarers' books. If this system design is commercialized and institutionally activated, it is expected that stable wages will be guaranteed to seafarers, and in turn, the difficulties in human resources supply will be solved. We plan to test it in a local environment for further developing this system.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

Purpose: Maritime sector is fundamental to international trade; there is no doubt that seafarers have played an essential role in maritime shipping and distribution science industry. Thus, this study uses Grey models to predict the number of seafarers in Vietnam expecting to provide a range of future seafarers. Research design, data and methodology: Statistics data are adopted for numbers of seafarers by Vietnam Maritime Administration categorizing into three types: Officers at Management level, Officers at Operational level and Navigation - Engine officer cadet. Results: The results have showed that a lack of qualified seafarers in the distribution industry, which has become a global issue and Vietnam is facing challenges of providing enough supply of seafarers in the next few years. Since there has been a concern of the unbalance between demand and supply of seafarers, researches in maritime sector needs a high accuracy in forecasting the number of available qualified seafarers in Vietnam. Conclusion: This method can be applied to predict numbers of other human resources in transportation, distribution and/or logistics industries when the information is poor and insufficient. The next few years are predicted to witness a downtrend in sailors - oilers which leads to the fact that the total number of available seafarers is decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 1997

Chinese seafarers have begun to be employed by foreign shipowners since 14979. Recognizing the benefits of overseas seafarers employment , Chinese goverment has implemented policy for seafarers' education and supply. Over the past two decades, the goverment has expanded and improved seafarer training facilities. As a result a number of seafarers have been educated, who are now available for employment on Chinese and foreign flag vessels. In 1995, about 20,000 Chinese seafarers served on foregin shipowner's vessels and the total foreign currency they earned was approximately US ＄300 million. This paper aims to describe the education system for Chinese seafarers and the mechanism of Chinese overseas seafarers employment and to highlight main problems occurred in the mechanism of their overseas employment. It takes the fact-finding research method with literature survey and interview.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2012

The projection on the demand for seafarers is seen to continue to rise in consonance with the world's fleet increasing tonnage. It is also expected that recurring officer shortages is paramount when global markets bounce off from the economic downturn it experienced for the last few years. In BIMCO/ISF(The Baltic and International Maritime Conference/International Shipping Federation) report for 2010, a continuous effort to produce competent seafarers should be adapted and as much as possible, reduce the wastage in the industry to address the looming scenario. The Republic of Korea, an OECD member, is a powerhouse in shipbuilding industry and has also had continued to show also an expanding trend in its fleet. On the other hand, the Philippines is still acknowledged as the main source of manpower for ocean-trading vessels. In this paper, a statistical comparison of maritime graduates' career path between the two countries is presented. In conclusion, it is suggested that a mutual co-operation between the Republic of Korea and the Philippines can be established with focusing on international maritime education and training collaboration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.113-120
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• 2004

Considering the present and expected demand for human resources by the maritime community, its quantity and quality depend on the number of the ships and the technology applied to them. Scientific and economic developments in this community bring the intensive use of modem technology for many of ships operation. Generally it effects to reduce the quantity of manpower, while it increases the requirement of qualifications of human resources to utilize such advanced technology. Considering above, the maritime education, training and research activities should be revised and updated according to the demand of the community. Because of a difference between the transition of the demand for the human resources and development of the maritime education, training and research activities, there are two most common questions as “What to teach” and “How to teach”. The first question has been asked for many years. The contents of maritime education and training are always related to the existing maritime knowledge and technology and should be updated with consideration of changes of the demand namely “Globalisation of maritime community”. It brings globalisation of the maritime education, training and research activities. The second question is still keeping us busy to look for the best way. Presently traditional methods are used together with new system, while the use of sophisticated simulation, communication and information systems etc. and it is changing our understanding on teaching. This paper introduces the new role of Maritime Institutions from the viewpoints of the maritime education. training and research activities. The role of guide for seafarers and maritime companies is always essential and the concepts such as “Refreshment Training”, “On the Job Training”, “Lifelong” or “Continuous Training” bring new understanding to the training period, trainee's age and position. As a result, the maritime institutions should be ready for their new role, which is, in brief, guiding the maritime society, recommending and providing new learning environments, organising research and developments, performing the education, training and assessment, improving existing methods and developing new methods of the education, training and assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.324-333
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• 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic reminded us again of the importance of essential workers who perform their roles in maintaining the stability of people's daily lives worldwide. Therefore, the International Maritime Organization and overseas countries designated seafarers as essential workers and proposed relevant measures for their protection to enable them to perform their role. In particular, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) urges related associations and member states to support safe boarding and disembarkation of seafarers. However, Seafarers were restricted from boarding or disembarking, shore leave and hospital treatment in certain countries owing to extreme nationalism. This study compares and analyzes the cases of international organizations and major overseas countries to provide a logical basis for the protection of seafarers who play an essential role in the safety of the global supply chain despite the COVID-19 pandemic. This study identifies the need to protect seafarers and their roles as essential workers in the shipping industry and suggests necessary aspects and institutional improvement measures for improving seafarers' working environment to strengthen the shipping industry's resilience. This study is expected to serve as future basic data for national policies aimed at reflecting the roles of seafarers as essential workers and the need to protect them.