• 환경생물
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2011

Seabirds have adapted to life in marine environments. More than 25% of the bird species observed in South Korea are seabirds, using the coast area of Korean peninsula as a stop-over and wintering, and breeding site. The aims of this review are to provide information about migratory and resident Korean seabirds and to discuss the methods that are currently employed to monitor the marine environment. In Korea, it has been reported that more than 400,000 individuals of seabirds breed on Nando Islet, Chilbaldo Islet, Guguldo Islet, Sasudo Islet, Hongdo Islet and Dokdo Islet. In 2010, approximately 160,000 seabirds also visited South Korea during the winter. Two of the main treats were introduced wildlife and habitat destruction by humans. Seabirds are monitored mainly at the population and individual levels. The assessment of population sizes and biomagnifications of pollutants are performed preferably at the community and population levels. Behaviour, growth, morphological characteristics, and breeding success is analyzed at the individual level and employed to gauge the health of the marine environment. In addition, we could suggest that molecular technique of seabirds successfully adopted to investigate the effects of pollutants and toxins in the marine environment.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.49-49
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• 1999

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.158-172
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• 2022

2015~2019년에 한국의 주요 연안습지 24~34개소를 중심으로 바닷새의 분포 현황을 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 출현한 바닷새는 총 7목 16과 111종이었고, 연간 출현종은 51~89종으로 2018년에 가장 많았다. 연간 관찰된 개체수는 92,821~265,783개체였으며, 2018년에 가장 많았다. 권역별로는 전라남부권역에서 가장 많은 종 수(55~72종)가 확인되었으며, 가장 많은 개체수(연평균 62,542개체)는 충청권역에서 관찰되었다. 조사지점별로는 2016년에 순천만 조사지점에서 68종으로 가장 많이 출현하였으며, 비인/장안 지역에서 2018년에 95,399개체로 가장 많이 관찰되었다. 서식지 이용 유형별 바닷새 조성비는 해안성조류가 평균 38%로 가장 많이 출현하였으며, 다음으로 헤엄치는 조류, 섭금류, 해양조류, 맹금류 순이었다. 법정보호종은 해양보호생물 8종, 멸종위기 야생동물 19종(I급 6종, II급 13종), 천연기념물 12종이 확인되었다. 주요 연안습지에서 바닷새는 조사시기에 따라 출현종 및 개체수의 차이를 보여 체계적이고 지속적인 실태조사 및 서식지 특성을 고려한 보전 정책 반영이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.25-53
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 오늘날 바닷새 및 해양어류의 이동 연구방법 및 내용의 동향을 고찰하고, 기존 동물 이동 연구의 기본 틀에 의거하여 향구 연구방향에 관하여 제언하였다. 연구방법론적 측면에서는 과학기술의 발달에 따라 전파추적 기법, 음향추적 기법, RFID, 위성추적 기법, 지오로케이터 등을 이용한 위치추적 기법이 바닷새 및 해양어류의 이동 연구에 널리 활용되고 있으며, 개체군의 분포 및 밀도조사, 안정성 동위원소 등 체내 물질 분석을 통한 연구도 이루어진다. 연구내용의 경우, 크게 환경요인이나 종간 경쟁 등의 외적 요인, 호르몬을 비롯한 체내 물질과 같은 내적 요인, 어업활동이나 해상풍력단지 건설 등의 인위적인 활동, 그리고 기후변화가 바닷새와 해양어류의 이동에 미치는 영향 등이 다루어지고 있다. 추후 연구에서는 내적 요인과 관련하여 이동과 분산에 영향을 주거나 유발하는 요인이 되는 체내 생리적 요인이나 변화를 규명하고, 이동 능력 분석을 위하여 자기장의 변화가 조류 및 어류의 이주 능력에 미치는 영향이나 종별 시공간적 이주 능력의 차이, 이주 정확성 및 성공률에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 제언한다. 또한 외부 환경적 요인과 관련해서는 어업활동이나 해상풍력 등의 방해요인과 기후변화가 해양동물들의 이주 및 분산 패턴에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구의 필요성이 대두되며, 마지막으로 여러 생태적 측면에서 서로에게 직·간접적인 영향을 미치는 바닷새와 해양어류에 대한 융합적인 연구가 요구된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2016

The 65th Medical Brigade and Public Health Command District-Korea, in collaboration with the Migratory Bird Research Center, National Park Research Institute, conducted migratory bird tick surveillance at Sogugul and Gaerin Islands (small rocky bird nesting sites), Jeollanam-do (Province), Republic of Korea (ROK), on 30 July and 1 August 2009. Breeding seabirds captured by hands in their nesting burrows were banded, identified to species, and carefully examined for ticks during the nesting season. A total of 9 Ornithodoros sawaii larvae were removed from 4 adult Hydrobates monorhis (Swinhoe's storm petrel). The identification of the larvae of O. sawaii collected from migratory seabirds were molecularly confirmed using mitochondrial 16S rDNA primer sets.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2006

Concentrations of four essential metals (Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) were determined in apparently oil-polluted dead or near-dead three loon species collected in the Busan coast, Korea. Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations were generally high in liver, and also, Mn and Zn were high in bone. There were significant differences in some tissue concentrations of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn among three species, but did not show any consistent evidence of species-specific accumulation. Mean concentration of Fe was 11,635$\pm$4010 $\mu$g/g, Cu 64.3$\pm$30.7 $\mu$g/g, Mn 13.1$\pm$2.32 $\mu$g/g, and Zn 121$\pm$24.8 $\mu$g/g in liver of all three species examined. Mn and Zn levels in this study were similar to those of normal loons and other seabirds reported from different countries. However, Fe and Cu liver levels were extraordinarily higher than those of reported. This result suggests that unusual accumulations of essential metals such as Fe and Cu may partially arise from long-term starvation due to oil pollution.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

The seabird plays an important role as one of the indicator species for the status of and changes within marine ecosystems. Therefore, the conservation of seabirds and their habitats is important for maintaining the structure and function of marine ecosystems. Biological invasions affect most ecosystems on oceanic islands. In particular, Rattus spp. is the invasive species with the greatest impact on the seabird population. Introduced predators, like rats, severely affect seabirds and endanger them worldwide. The breeding population of Streaked Shearwaters Calonectris leucomelas in Sasu Island is one of biggest seabird colonies in Korea, and the Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus is known as an alien predator in this island. In this study we investigated rates of burrow occupancy and breeding success of Streaked Shearwaters for 7 years, and the impact of Norway Rats on the breeding success of Streaked Shearwaters breeding in Sasu Island for 4 years. Our results show that the percentage of breeding burrows decreased according to breeding stage during several years in the monitoring period, and that predation by the Norway Rat was the main cause in hatching failures. Consequently, although our results indicate that their breeding population is not likely to decline, Norway Rats have been affecting the breeding status of Streaked Shearwaters on Sasu Island during the last decade.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of hetero-chitosans and their oligosaccharides on the halophilic bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Nine classes of hetero-chitosan oligosaccharides were prepared based on their molecular weights, using an ultrafiltration membrane reactor system with chitosanase and celluase, from partially different deacetylated chitosans, 90%, 75%, and 50% deacetylated chitosan, respectively. Thirty-two strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from various marine organisms such as shellfish, shrimps, octopus, and seabirds. Seventy-five percent deacetylated chitosan showed the highest antimicrobial acitivity. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.5 mg/ml on 14 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, and MIC of the rest strains (18 strains) was 1.0 mg/ml. In addition, MIC of most hetero-chitosan oligosaccharides was 8.0 mg/ml. The results revealed that the antimicrobial effects of hetero-chitosans and their oligosaccharides against V. parahaemolyticus depend on the degree of deacetylation, their molecular weights, and strains tested.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.213-226
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• 2003

Kongsfjorden near Korean Arctic Station, Dasan, is a glacial fjord in the Svalbard archipelago, Arctic that is influenced by both Atlantic and Arctic water masses. During the Arctic field season August 2002, surface temperature, salinity, density, and phytoplankton biomass (chi a) was measured in Kongsfjorden. A total of 15 surface samples were collected for the phytoplankton related measurements. Chl a values ranged from 0.08 to 1.4mg chi a $m^{-3}$ (mean of 0.53mg chl a $m^{-3}$) in the overall surface stations. The highest values of the chi a concentrations (> 1.0mg chi a $m^{-3}$) were found near glacier in the northeastern part of Kongsfjorden. Nanoplanktonic (< $20{\mu}m$) phytoflagellates were important contributors for the increase of the chi a. The nano-sized phytoflagellates accounted for more than 90% of the total chi a biomass in the study area. Surface temperatures and salinities ranged from 2.5 to $7.18^{\circ}C$ (mean of $4.65^{\circ}C$) and from 22.55 to 32.97 psu (mean of 30.16 psu), respectively. The physical factors were not highly correlated with phytoplankton distribution. The character of surface water due to down-fjord wind was highly similar to phytoplankton distribution. Drifting ice, freshwater, and semdiment inputs from large tidal glaciers located in the inner part of Konsfjorden create steep physico- and biogeochemical environmental gradients along the length of this ford. The glacial inputs cause reduced biodiversity biomass and productivity in the pelagic community in the inner fjord. Primary production of benthic and pelagic microalgae is reduced due to the limited light levels in the turbid and mixed inner waters. The magnitude of glacial effects diminishes towards the outer fjord. Kongsfjorden is an important feeding ground fer marine mammals and seabirds. Especially, seabirds play the largest energy intake and also export nutrients for primary production of the marine microalgae. Kongsfjorden has received a lot of research attention as a site for exploring the impacts of climate changes. Dasan Station in Kongsfjorden will be an important Arctic site for monitoring and detecting future environmental changes.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2013

Sea temperature in the South Sea of Korea has been increased over the last decades. Seabirds are sensitive to changes in food availability in marine environment. In this study, we investigate the diet of Black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) during the breeding season to identify changes of marine environment and biological response such as breeding performance in the South Sea of Korea. A total of 22 fish species or family (n = 128) from regurgitates by chicks were collected on Hongdo Island in 2002 and 2012. The most important prey item was Japanese anchovies (Engraulis japonicas). Proportion of Anchovy in diet increased in 2012 (70.5%) compared to 10 years ago (27.5%). Some species were newly found in 2012: Spotted chub mackerel (Scomber australasicus), Pacific sand lace (Ammodytes personatus), White ventral goby (Acanthogobius lactipes), Silver-strip round herring, Multicolorfin rainbowfish (Halichoeres poecilopterus), Silverside (Hypoatherina tsurugae), Surfperch (Neoditrema ransonneti) and Spotnape ponyfish (Leiognathus muchalis), but not in 2002. Especially, sub-tropic fish such as Kammal thryssa (Thryssa kammalensis), and Rosefish (Helicolenus hilgendorfi) were frequently observed in the diet of 2012. These results might reflect the increase of sea temperature in the South Sea of Korea.