• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.105-111
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• 2020

We defined Jeju Wind Castle and analyzed the relationship between Hallasan-Oreum-Batdam, the main subject, for the first time. In Jeju, 1.5m high Batdam(Black Silk Road), 368 Oreums, Hallasan Mountain 1950m are all unique scenery. The verification of this paper demonstrates that Samdasoo's groundwater extraction sea level is equal to the height of Hallasan and that this problem is mathematically complete in neutral plane theory. Donnaeko(700meters above sea level)-Baeknokdamdongneung-Jindallebat-Seongpanak-Gyorae(453 meters)-Witsaeoreum(1700meters) is a rain belt that hits the low-air pressure air-conditioned North Pacific humidity rising from the southeast and the high-pressure cold air of Hallasan Peak. It rains a lot because - and + are neutral plane, which adds to zero. Hallasan is called Jinsan in Jeju history. The answer is Wind Castle. The number of Oreum in Jeju is 369 including Hallasan, and Batdam, which is about 1.5m high, does not collapse even with a typhoon blowing over 50m/s. Because the wind castle's core is 1.5 meters of Batdam and it is a triangular number.

• Strategy21
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• s.37
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• pp.104-143
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• 2015

China's new grand strategy, the "One Belt, One Road Initiative" (also Belt Road Initiative, or BRI) has two primary components: Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the "Silk Road Economic Belt" in September 2013 during a visit to Kazakhstan, and the "21^st Century Maritime Silk Route Economic Belt" in a speech to the Indonesian parliament the following month. The BRI is intended to supply China with energy and new markets, and also to integrate the countries of Central Asia, the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN), and the Indian Ocean Region - though not Northeast Asia - into the "Chinese Dream". The project will be supported by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), due to open in 2016 with 57 founding members from all around the world, and China has already promised US$ 50 billion in seed funding. China's vision includes networks of energy pipelines, railways, sea port facilities and logistics hubs; these will have obvious commercial benefits, but also huge geopolitical significance. China seems to have two distinct aims: externally, to restore its historical sphere of influence; and internally, to cope with income inequalities by creating middle-class jobs through enhanced trade and the broader development of its economy. In South Korea, opinion on the BRI is sharply polarized. Economic and industrial interests, including Korea Railroad Corporation (KORAIL), support South Korean involvement in the BRI and closer economic interactions with China. They see how the BRI fits nicely with President Park Geun-hye's Eurasia Initiative, and anticipate significant commercial benefits for South Korea from better connections to energy-rich Russia and the consumer markets of Europe and Central Asia. They welcome the prospect of reduced trade barriers between China and South Korea, and of improved transport infrastructure, and perceive the political risks as manageable. But some ardently pro-US pundits worry that the political risks of the BRI are too high. They cast doubt on the feasibility of implementing the BRI, and warn that although it has been portrayed primarily in economic terms, it actually reveals a crucial Chinese geopolitical strategy. They are fearful of China's growing regional dominance, and worried that the BRI is ultimately a means to supplant the prevailing US-led regional security structure and restore the Middle Kingdom order, with China as the only power that matters in the region. According to this view, once China has complete control of the regional logistics hubs and sea ports, this will severely limit the autonomy of China's neighbors, including South Korea, who will have to toe the Chinese line, both economically and politically, or risk their own peace and prosperity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.1 s.28
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• pp.75-92
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• 2007

This article is to investigate the development of seamanship and the art of ship building, marine environment, Silk Road through the sea, and spice exchange at the trade growth of Song Dynasty. For better understanding marine environments, I exemplified what goes before such essential factors as experience and skills in maritime activities. I also demonstrated that South Song Dynasty's abundant economic strength and foreign opening strategy had been supervised systematically through the trade management organization and noted that the nation's overseas exchange had made great effects on its society. The import of the perfume provided the cause where the western influence occupies the orient in the same time when it is a keychains of the orient and the western interchange. For this reason, perfume, which once contributed 1/20 of the revenue, enlarged its portion to 1/10 of the revenue. This indicates the influence of perfume on the national finance in the Song period.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.166-185
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• 2015

Recently, as an enonomic importance of the Eurasian Continent raises, the necessity of east-west connecting ancient transport roads research is increasing. Although domestic research of eastern-western international exchange in the Eurasia is not yet very active, the studies of history, archaeology, art history, folklore, costume history have been advanced steadily. An attention for the exchange through steppe route originated from the interest in Korean folk and Korean culture and the research range is extending to Xiungnu, Kurgan culture as a direct investigation on the remains of Mongolia and Kazakhstan has been achieved constantly. The art history has been leading the research of exchange which is based on desert and oasis. The field research of Iran, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, etc progressed in various routes, and the research on diverse topics including Silla's golden culture, transmission of glass, and the Buddhism is improving. Research on the maritime silk road is weaker, compared to other parts. Buddhist and Hindu temples of Southeast Asia attracted some interest to people, but the research should focus on the restoration of sea route and consideration of its meaning. Research of this part is expected to be more activative, as domestic researchers investigate Don Son culture and Sa Huynh culture of Vietnam by themselves. From now on, we should focus on topics that are not directly connected to Korean history, and Korean culture. Because it is also our duty to study and conserve the culture of entire human community.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.195-196
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the scale of overseas design orders in Korea, China and Japan by region and type of work, and to draw implications. As a result of analyzing the overseas design sales market of Korea, China and Japan, all three countries have the highest percentage of overseas sales in the Asian market, and the overseas design sales are the highest in power generation, chemical plant and transportation sectors. In addition to the Middle East and Asian markets, Japan and China have also diversified their strategies to diversify their markets by taking orders in various regions such as Europe, Africa and the United States. In particular, China is promoting the "New Silk Road Project" (One belt, One road), linking land and sea to a total of 25 countries and actively supporting aid projects in Africa and Asia, have. In addition, Japan has been actively supporting the government's expansion of ODA projects to expand overseas market entry. Therefore, it is necessary for Korea to increase its market share through diversification of overseas design market and diversification of industrial type, and to participate in overseas design market by expanding customized R&D investment.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.165-184
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• 2021

This article demonstrates the significance of long-distance networks formed by traders from Afghanistan and Central Asia to the forging of present-day transregional connections within Asia. It identifies two connective corridors authored by these traders: a 'Eurasian corridor' connecting East Asia to post-Soviet Eurasia and extending into Western Europe and a 'West Asian corridor' involving traders originally from Central Asia linking East Asia to Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula. Empirically, the paper documents and analyses the varying cultural and political orientations of traders operating along these networks, and ways in which specific nodes in the networks contribute to their activities as a whole. Conceptually, the papers suggest that the study of 'inter-Asian' connections stands to benefit from deploying oceanic and inland models of geography in a non-dichotomous manner.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.71-92
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• 2023

This study investigates the symbolism and meaning of the bead design, its relationship with the Silla culture, and the conditions of glass bead manufacturing to verify the theory of Silla's production of Silla face-inlaid glass beads with excellent artistry and technology. The research method includes investigating the design analysis, ancient documents, myths, relics, glass, and metal production techniques. Moreover, Hongshan cultural relics and other cases of inlaid glass beads were collected. There are records in the literature that the people of Makhan, Buyeo and Silla of ancient Korea people considered beads as treasures and used them for accessories. It was confirmed that all the design elements of the bead-patterned hair topknot, golden crown, birds, and flower trees were closely related to the myth of Kim Al-ji of Silla, the oviparous tales and the sacred birds and divine beasts of the north. Moreover, the pattern and arrangements were found to be similar in other Silla relics. The origin of beads and face pendants was Hongsan culture, and a stone cast for beads was discovered in Bukpyo of Gojoseon, the lower-level culture of Hajiajeom. In addition, excavating inlaid glass beads from Sik-ri tombs of Korea and a face-inlaid glass bead from Toganmori tombs in Japan confirms the theory of Silla's production. The fact that the Baekje people of ancient Korea had a glass bead manufacturing office in Japan in the fifth centuries suggests that the Silla people also had a manufacturing plant in Java, Indonesia, because this place was a crossroads of Silla's Sea Silk Road and a source of raw materials and labors with a close relationship to Silla. Therefore, the face-inlaid glass bead was indeed self-made by Silla, who possessed the tradition of bead myths and hair topknot, and the high-level skills such as gold crowns and metal inlays.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.335-347
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• 2019

China's 'One Belt and One Load' initiative is a mega-infrastructure project that connects China and the Eurasian Economies Area by overland and sea routes. Therefore, if it goes smoothly, It will be a new engine for economic development in China and the world, and It is expected to be a factor that will change the structure of the international economy. Especially, the Eurasian continent is likely to develop into the center of the global economy. But China's 'One Belt and One Load' initiative is not only macro and long-term, but also implies complexity, making it hard to be optimistic about development. China's 'One Belt and One Load' initiative is not only strongly promoted as a long-term national development strategy to be completed by 2049, but also strong economic complementarity between China and 'One Belt and One Load' consecutive countries. And many of the successive countries are expecting 'One Belt and One Load' construction. Therefore, there is no possibility at all. In particular, the possibility of development can not be completely ruled out, given the various policies of 'One Belt and One Load' currently being pursued by China. Even if it doesn't go smoothly, the process alone will have significant economic effects on China and neighboring countries, so it will be meaningful. With the help of information technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.421-426
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• 2004

Increasing of the multinational corporation brought into the international multimodal Increasing of the multinational corporation brought into the international multimodal transport on the logistics environment. In case of Europe which have a great infrastructure, they are tried to develope a second of the silk road constantly. This paper emphasized the importance of international multimodal transport and proposed the model for northeast multimodal transport. For this research, we analyzed the multimodal transport system in Europe and north corridor of TAR. We are expecting economic effect of the route is including republic of korea and developed a model for connecting with sea, air and road. Actually, this research can not be enough data of numerical value for proving this effectiveness. but we developed and proposed a specific route of multimodal transport that was never suggested. Consequently, we established basic ground for comparing each transport route in the future research.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2019

This paper attempts to reveal little-known pages from the history of relations between the peoples of Central Asia and Korea based on materials derived from written sources and modern scientific literature, as well as from medieval wall paintings from the early medieval Afrasiab Palace of Varhuman, the ruler of Samarkand, and from stone sculptures of Sogdian figures contained in Silla royal tombs. Korea's interest in the western lands led to its contact with Buddhism, which spread and later flourished in all three Korean kingdoms (Koguryo, Paekche and Silla). The spread of Buddhism in turn motivated a number of Korean monks to undertake pilgrimages to India via Central Asia. Hyecho, a young Silla pilgrim, left evidence of his journey via the South China Sea to India in 723 AD. Paul Pelliot discovered a report from Hyecho's journey entitled Notes on Pilgrimage to Five Regions in India (Wang Wu Tianzhuguo zhuan) in the Dunhuang caves in 1908. Hyecho's contributions are worthy of attention, substantially complementing knowledge available for this little-studied period in the history of South and Central Asia. The information contained in Hyecho's manuscript is, in fact, considered the most significant work of the first half of the 8th century. Research regarding the relationship between Central Asia and Korea remains underdeveloped. Existing historical evidence, however, including the above mentioned Samarkand wall paintings, depicts the visits of two Korean ambassadors to Samarkand, and evidence from Silla tombs suggests the presence of diplomatic relations in addition to trade between the two regions. Overall, the history of the relationship between Central Asia and Korea yields new insights into how and why these distant countries sustained trade and diplomatic and cultural exchange during this early period. Taking into account Korea's growing interest in Uzbekistan, especially in its history and culture, this article can act as a catalyst for studying the history of the two country's relations.