• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.587-591
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• 2009

Volatiles in Artemisia princeps Pampan. cv. sajabal (sajabalssuk) and A. princeps Pampan. (ssuk) treated with different processing were analyzed using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)/gas chromatography- a mass selective detector (GC-MS). Sajabalssuk and ssuk were treated with steam distillation (SD) and freeze-dried/steam distillation (FD/SD) while controls were raw sajabalssuk and raw ssuk. Sajabalssuk had significantly more total volatiles than ssuk in control and FD/SD treated samples (p<0.05). Major volatiles in raw sajabalssuk were 2-hexenal, 1,8-cineol, trans-caryophyllene, and hexanal while those in raw ssuk were 1-hexanol, ${\beta}$-myrcene, limonene, and 2-hexenal, which implies that substantial lipid oxidation occurred in raw samples. Sajabalssuk with SD and FD/SD treatment had higher peak areas of 1,8-cineole, 4-terpineol, 1-octen-3-ol, and ${\alpha}$-terpineol while ssuk with SD and FD/SD treatment possessed 1,8-cineol, camphor, borneol, artemisia ketone, ${\alpha}$-thujone, and 1-octen-3-ol, which showed that steam distillation produced more volatiles from terpenoids than raw samples. Based on the results of HS-SPME/GC-MS, relative amounts of volatiles from lipid oxidation including 2-hexenal, hexanal, and 1-hexanol were reduced in sajabalssuk and ssuk with freeze-drying and/or steam distillation treatment.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.262-269
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• 2021

This paper conducts an evaluation of the structural performance of the lap splice detail of SD700 headed bar experiment for developing an RC beam with different depths joint details. The experiment variable is lap splice length, yield strength, and end anchorage of main reinforcements. For all specimens, a headed bar was applied to the main reinforcement of the beam with low depth (B2), and the beam with high depth (B1) was applied to the main reinforcement with two splice methods: straight headed bar and 90° hooked-headed bar. The experimental results were that specimens of applying SD500 and SD600 had the results of flexural fracture at the lap splice location, which maximum load was similar. For specimens of appling SD500, the 90° hooked-headed bar of B1, suppressed horizontal cracks in the lap splice section compared to the straight headed bar. Specimens of applying an SD 700 headed bar had the results of brittle anchorage failure. In addition, maximum load was increased with the lap splice length increasing. For specimens of applying SD700 headed bar, test for test maximum load/theoretical load for test development length/design development length were estimated to be 1.30~1.48 for the ACI 318-19 equation, and 1.14~1.30 for the KDS-2021 equation. Thus, ACI 318-19 equation had conservatively greater safety factors as estimated development lengththened.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.374-390
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• 2011

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Suhwagije-tang(SGT) distillate on the immune activity of spleen cells of aged SD rats. 2. Methods: We used 10, 50, 72 weeks old SD rats in this study. Spleen cells from SD rats were stimulated with ConA and treated with 1% Vitamin C(Vit.C) or Suhwagijetang distillate(SGT). After 24 hours, the concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-${\gamma}$ in the cell culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) At all concentration of SGT distillate, survival rates of liver cells were higher than the control group. In addition, 50% SGT distillate group's cell survival rates were significantly higher than other groups. 2) In 10 weeks SD rats(SGT group), the concentration of IL-2 significantly decreased in comparison with ConA group, Vit.C group. In 52 weeks SD rats(SGT group), the concentration of IL-2 significantly decreased in comparison with ConA group. 3) In 10, 52 weeks SD rats(SGT group), the concentration of IL-4 significantly decreased in comparison with ConA group. 4) In 10 weeks SD rats(SGT group), the concentration of IL-10 significantly decreased in comparison with ConA group. And in 72 weeks SD rats(SGT group), the concentration of IL-10 significantly increased in comparison with Vit.C group. 5) In 52, 72 weeks SD rats(SGT group), the concentration of IFN-${\gamma}$ significantly decreased in comparison with 10 weeks SD rats(SGT group). These results suggest that Suhwagije-tang(SGT) distillate has the effect of increasing the immune activity of spleen cells of aged SD rats.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.281-288
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• 2018

This study deals with the microstructure and tensile properties of 600 and 700 MPa-grade high-strength seismic reinforced steel bars. High-strength seismic resistant reinforced steel bars (SD 600S and SD 700S) were fabricated by TempCore process, especially the SD 700S specimen was more rapid cooled than the SD 600S specimen during the TempCore process. Although two specimens had microstructure of tempered martensite in the surface region, the SD 600S specimen had ferrite-degenerated pearlite in the center region, whereas the SD 700S specimen had bainite-ferrite-degenerated pearlite in the center region. Therefore, their hardness was highest in the surface region and revealed a tendency to decrease from the surface region to the center region because tempered martensite has higher hardness than ferrite-degenerated pearlite or bainite. The SD 700S specimen revealed higher hardness in the center region than SD 600S specimen because it contained a larger amount of bainite as well as ferrite-degenerated pearlite. On the other hand, tensile test results indicated the SD 600S and SD 700S specimens revealed continuous yielding behavior because of formation of degenerated pearlite or bainite in the center region. The SD 600S specimen had a little higher tensile-to-yield ratio because the presence of ferrite and degenerated pearlite in the center region and the lower fraction of tempered martensite enhance work hardening.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2022

Objectives: The combination of Harm-Avoidance (HA) and Self-Directedness (SD) of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) has been reported pivotal for mental health; however its clinical usefulness in integrative medicine has not sufficiently reported. The purpose of this study was to illustrate multi-phasic mental health of subjective satisfaction with life, emotional well-being, and psychopathology, following the HA-SD profile groups. Methods: A total of 527 Korean university students reported HA and SD scores as to render their HA-SD profile, and multi-phasic mental health characteristics using Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) with composite well-being scales of SC (Sum of Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness score) and HI (Happiness Index, subtraction of Negative Affect (NA) score from Positive Affect (PA) score) as standardized. Pearson's correlation was used to report correlation coefficient, and the ANCOVA with age and sex as covariates, to show significant differences in mental health and well-being between the HA-SD profile groups. Results: The HA-SD profile groups showed distinctive multi-phasic mental health characteristics; health related scores of SWLS, PA, SC and HI decreased following the order of hS (low HA and high SD), HS (high HA and high SD), hs (low HA and low SD) and Hs (high HA and low SD) profile groups; however the non-health related scores of NA and BDI showed contrasting order. Conclusions: The HA-SD profile was found to be clinically useful for examining multi-phasic mental health and well-being status, and the TCI may be an imperative personality inventory for integrative medicine.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.169-180
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• 2007

Among several splicing system of reinforcing bar, the grout-filled splice sleeve system has been applied widely. However, as the splice sleeve for high strength rebar as SD500 is not yet made in korea, the development of splice sleeve for high strength reinforcing bar are required as soon as possible. It is the purpose of this study to develop the steel pipe sleeve for high strength rebar as SD500 and estimate its structural performance by monotonic loading test. The experimental variables adopted in this study are the development length of rebars, types of sleeve etc. The results of this study showed that the developed steel pipe splice sleeve system for high strength reinforcing bar as SD500 retained the structural performance required in domestic, ACI and AIJ criteria. And it is considered that the study result presented in this paper can be helpful in developing reasonable design method of steel pipe splice sleeve system for high strength reinforcing bar as SD500.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2024

Background: Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is closely related to imbalance of the rotator cuff (RC) muscles. However, previous studies have only focused on isometric strength. To our knowledge, there has been no study examining potential differences in concentric and eccentric strength and functional strength ratio (FSR) of the RC muscles based on functional parameters related to throwing in with or without SD. Objects: This study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in the RC muscle strength and FSR between the dominant shoulder with SD and the non-dominant shoulder without SD in adolescent baseball players. Methods: Forty adolescent baseball players participated and classified types of SD based on movement patterns using the SD test by two examiners. The isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torque of the internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) were measured and quantified as peak torque to body weight (PT/BW). Also, the FSR was obtained by calculating the strength ratios of eccentric IR to concentric ER (IRecc/ERcon) and eccentric ER to concentric IR (ERecc/IRcon), respectively. Results: There was a significant decrease in the IR and ER PT/BW in the dominant shoulder with SD compared to the non-dominant shoulder without SD (p < 0.05), regardless of contraction types. However, no significant difference was observed in the FSR in both IRecc/ERcon and ERecc/IRcon ratios. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the isokinetic concentric and eccentric PT/BW of the IR and ER muscles were significantly lower in the dominant shoulder with SD than in the nonthrowing shoulder without SD. Therefore, when establishing a strategy for addressing RC muscle weakness in adolescent baseball players with SD, it is essential to consider an approach that accounts for scapular kinematic recovery.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.10b
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• pp.201-203
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• 2005

The best method to study language is to talking with a native speaker. A voice recognition technology can be used to develope a language study machine. SD(Speaker dependant) and SI(speaker independant) voice recognition method is used for the language study machine. MP3 Player. FM Radio. Alarm clock functions are added to enhance the value of the product. The machine is designed with a DSP(Digital Signal Processing) chip for voice recognition. MP3 encoder/decoder chip. FM tumer and SD flash memory card. This paper deals with the application of SD ad SD voice recognition. flash memory file system. PC download function using USB ports, English conversation text function by the use of SD flash memory. LCD display control. MP3 encoding and decoding, etc. The study contents are saved in SD flash memory. This machine can be helpful from child to adult by changing the SD flash memory.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.3A
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• pp.231-237
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• 2010

Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems are used to improve the transmission rate in proportion to the number of antennas. However, their computational complexity is very high for the detection in the receiver. The sphere decoding (SD) is a detection algorithm with reduced complexity. In this paper, an improved Schnorr-Euchner SD (SE SD) is proposed based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) and the Euclidean distance criteria without additional complexity.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.807-811
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• 1971

This report was concerned with the isolation and identification of bacterial flora in the human dental plaque and the dextransucrase activity of isolated species. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The bacterial flora, isolated from the human dental plaque, was identified as 3 species of resembling streptococci, Streptococcus salivarius strain SD-1, Streptococcus bacilli, Lactobacillus brevis strain SD-3, Lactobacillus acidophilus strain SD-2 and SD-7, resembling Staphylococcus sp, and one species of resembling Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain SD-6. 2. The dextransucrase activites of resembling Streptococcus mitis strain SD-9 and Streptococcus salivarius strain SD-1 were exhibited the highest among the isolated species of human dental plaque.