• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.548-552
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• 2007

This research is the basic research to develop new anti-inflammatory medicine by feeding Scutellariae Radix extract to lipopolysaccharide(LPS) exposed rats, and analyzed it's effect on inflammatory response by LPS derivation. As a result, Plasma interleukin-$1\beta(IL-1\beta)$ and Plasma interleukin-6(IL-6) concentration showed the highest point at 5h after LPS injection, and in this time, the concentration of $IL-1\beta$ and IL-6 in the Scutellariae Radix extract groups at 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg showed lower values than that of control group. Plasma tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha(TNF-\alpha)$ concentration after LPS injection showed the highest point at 2h and showed similar level till at 5h. $TNF-\alpha$ concentration at 2h after LPS injection showed the low value only in the Scutellariae Radix extract 300mg/kg group compared to others, and in 5h, the all Scutellariae Radix extract groups showed lower value than that of the control group. Plasma interleukin-10(IL-10) concentration increased at 2h after LPS injection and reached the highest at 5h. After LPS injection the IL-10 concentration at 2h, the Scutellariae Radix extract injection group at 300mg/kg showed higher value than that of the others, and in 5h after LPS injection, Scutellariae Radix extract 200mg and 300mg groups showed higher value than the control group. Concluding from the above results, in inflammatory response by LPS derivation, the Scutellariae Radix gives positive effect.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2003

Obesity is caused by unbalance of energy intake and expenditure, which results in extra accumulation of adipose tissue. Obesity is directly related to metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver and so on. To investigate the anti-obesity effects of Scutellariae Radix, 70% EtOH extract and water extract of it were tested by in vitro and in vivo studies of fat accumulation. 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line was used in a in vitro study of fat accumulation. After 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate into adipocytes, S. radix extract were added and fat accumulation was measured by oil red O staining. In vivo study showed that weight and epididymal/ retro-peritoneal adipose tissues were significantly reduced in mice fed Scutellariae Radix extract compared with control group. Especially, mice fed Scutellariae Radix extract showed reduced serum triglyceride and glucose levels. When adipose tissues were analyzed by microscope, mean adipocyte size was significantly reduced in Scutellariae Radix extract-fed mice. Therefore, this study showed inhibitory effects of Scutellariae Radix on in vitro and in vivo fat accumulation.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims at examining the anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellariae Radix extract. Methods : Scutellariae Radix was hot water extracted to make the samples(SR) for the experiment. Their effects were examined on the increase of cell viability in mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells, the creation of nitric oxide(NO) in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced Raw 264.7 cells, and the creation of cytokines of interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$ and others. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. The MTT assay was carried out to check the cellular toxicity of the water extract of Scutellariae Radix. The results were found no significant toxicity caused to macrophages by the water extract of Scutellariae Radix. 2. The water extract of Scutellariae Radix significantly restricted the increase of NO in the LPS-induced macrophages after 24-hour culture. 3. The water extract of Scutellariae Radix significantly restricted the creation of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17, interferon-inducible protein(IP)-10, keratinocyte-derived chemokine(KC), and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the LPS-induced macrophages at the concentration of $25{\mu}g/mL$ or higher. Conclusion : The samples(SR) of hot water extract of Scutellariae Radix caused no significant cellular toxicity to macrophages and significantly restricted the creation of NO, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17, IP-10, KC, and VEGF in the LPS-induced macrophages at $25{\mu}g/mL$ or higher, thus demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory effects.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to examine the cell growth effect and autophagy effect of Scutellariae Radix by ethanol extract in SCC 25 cells. Methods : Cell growth inhibitory effect and autophagy induced by Scutellariae Radix were confirmed by WST-1 assay, monodansylcadaverine(MDC) stain, and flow cytometry by acridine orange(AO) stain. Results : The Scutellariae Radix treatment decreased the cell proliferation in a dose and time dependent manner. Scutellariae Radix has anticancer effects that autophagic vacuoles were apparent by MDC and AO staining in SCC 25 cells. Conclusions : Scutellariae Radix showed anticancer activity against SCC 25 cells via autophagy. The data provided the possibility that Scutellariae Radix may potentially contribute to oral cancer treatment.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.964-968
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• 2001

향균력이 있는 한약제들 중에서 추출수율과 항균력이 우수한 항금을 대상으로 식중독균에 대한 천연항균제의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 황금추출물의 항균작용을 알아보기 위하여 공시균주 Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Vivro parahaemolyticus에 대하여 disk method에 의한 항균력 검사에서 생육어제로 인한 clear zone 이 선명하게 관찰되어 황금추출물의 항균력을 알 수 있었고, 황금추출물의 열 및 PH 안정성을 검토한 결과 다양한 범위의 온도 및 pH에 대해서 매우 안정하다는것을 확인하였으며, 공시균주들에 대한 유효저해농도를 측정한 결과 황금추출물의 농도 500 ppm 이상에서 생육이 억제되었다. 주사형전자현미경(SEM) 상에서는 처리구에서 공시균주들의 세포형태 변화를 볼수 있었고, 투과형전자현미경(TEM)상에서는 처리구에 있어서 공시균주들의 세포막 파괴로 인하여 세포내용물이 용출된 것을 볼 수 있었다. 황금추출물 처리로 인한 세포막 손상정도를 확인하기 위하여 균체내 효소인 $\beta$-gal-actosidase 활성을 정량한 결과 chlorogorm 보다 세포막을 더 손상시키는 것을 확인되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.635-641
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• 2014

Scutellaria baicalensis $G_{EORGI}$ (Scutellariae Radix) has been used to clear heat and to dry dampness in the stomach or intestines, which manifests as diarrhea or dysenteric disorder. In this study, we investigated the effective preparation of active components in Scutellariae Radix using the methods of solvent extraction and absorption fractionation for the development of new functional food or pharmaceuticals. The marker substances, baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, and wogonin were directly isolated from the Scutellariae Radix. There chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The Scutellariae Radix was extracted with hot water. To enhance yield of flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix, the hot water extract was dissolved in ethanol with concentration dependent manner. The precipitates were separated using centrifugal techniques at 10,000 rpm. Supernatant liquid was applied to the HPLC for quantification of major compounds. Separately, the hot water extract was absorbed on Diaion HP-20 resin. And then, the absorbed fraction was eluted with methanol for HPLC. The contents of baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside and wogonin in different treatment methods were analyzed by HPLC. Total amount of four major components were 16.9% in 50% ethanol extract, 21.7% in 70% ethanol extract, 20.5% in 90% ethanol extract, and 39.3% in absorbed fraction of Diaion HP-20 resin. In these results, we found that resin absorption method is suitable for the extraction of enriched flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1606-1610
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• 2005

각종 식중독의 원인균으로 중요시되는 11종의 균주에 대해서 황금탕 및 황금 추출물의 항균력을 검토한 결과, 황금탕 추출물은 Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli O111 및 Escherichia coli O126에서 항균력을 나타내었고, 황금 추출물은 Staphyoccus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli O111, Escherichia coli O126 및 Escherichia coli O157에서 항균력을 나타내었다. Listeria monocytogenes에 대해서는 황금탕 및 황금 추출물 모두 항균력이 없었고, Escherichia coli O157에 대해서는 황금탕 추출물은 항균력이 없었으나, 황금 추출물은 항균력을 나타내었다. 황금탕 추출물의 최소저해농도는Staphyloccus aureus와 Bacillus cereus에서 40 mg/mL, Shigella flexneri 와 Salmonella Enteritidis에서 100 mg/mL이었고, 황금 추출물의 최소저해농도는 Bacillus cereus에서 10 mg/mL, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri 및 Salmonella Enteritidis에서 20 mg/mL이었으며, 황금탕 및 황금 추출물 모두 Staphyloccus aureus와 Bacillus cereus에 대해 48시간까지 배양하는 동안 최소저해농도 이상에서는 균이 거의 생육하지 못하였다. 이상에서 황금탕 추출물보다는 황금 추출물의 항균력이 더 강하며, 황금탕 추출물의 식중독 세균들에 대한 항균력은 황금에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 항균력이 확인된 세균으로 인한 각종 식중독에 황금탕의 사용 가능성을 고려할 만하며, 황금 추출물에 대한 천연 식품 보존료로서의 이용 가능성을 검토할 가치가 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.470-477
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• 1995

Flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix possessed a dual function both as an anti-inflammatory agent and an enhancer of cellular activity in gingival fibroblast. The purpose of this study was to evaluate on the toxicity of ethanolic extract from the root of Scutellariae Radix Georgi and its flavonoids, Wogonin, Baicalein, and Baicalin were isolated and purified by the following method. The crude drug was extracted with ethyl acetate and the residue was dissolved in ethyl alcohol. The ethyl alcohol soluble fraction was separated, concentrated, and then chromatographed on a silica gel column. The acute oral LD 50 in rats was determined for EtOH ex. of Scutellariae Radix and three compounds were evaluated with a single oral gavage at three graded dosage levels. The acute intravenous LD 50 was determined with a single intravenous injection via the jugular vein at three graded dosage levels. Groups of 5 male and 5 female rats, 6 week of age at the start of the study, were fed diets containing 3 graded dosage levels for 14 days. Groups of 5 male and 5 female hamster received O.5ml of the test article at once in a day for 5 days to the buccal cheek pouch for two minutes each. The acute oral LD50 for EtOH ex. of Scutellariae Radix is 1430mg/kg, and for Wogonin 1320mg/kg, for Baicalein 1250mg/kg, for Baicalin 1330mg/kg. The acute intravenous toxicity of EtOH ex. of Scutellariae Radix and its extracts was found to be 27mg/kg body weight No toxic effects were observed in rats fed up to 200mg/kg of EtOH ex. of Scutellariae Radix, Wogonin, Baicalein and Baicalin in the diet for 14 days. The acute Mucouse Membrane LD 50 in hamsters was found to be greater than 100mg/kg. These results suggested that EtOH ex. of Scutellariae Radix and its flavonoids are safe for oral care products using limited amount of extract.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.350-354
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• 2005

황금의 천연항균제 개발을 위하여 황금의 일반성분 및 미량물질들을 분석하였으며 항균활성물질의 검색을 위하여 LC-MS를 이용하였고 검색되어진 성분들에 대해서는 항균력 비교시험을 하였으며 항균활성물질들에 대해서는 HPLC를 이용하여 그 양을 정량하였다. 황금의 일반성분으로는 수분 $8.93\%$, 탄수화물 $67.93\%$, 조회분 $4.13\%$, 조단백질 $15.30\%$ 및 조지방 $3.71\%$ 이었고 미량성분에 있어서는 칼륨 12,050mg/kg과 마그네슘4,296 mg/kg의 함량이 현저하게 높았다. LC-MS 분석결과 황금추출물에 있어서 분자량 445의 peak는 baicalin, 분자량 283의 peak는 wogonin, 분자량 269의 peak는 baicalein으로 확인되었다. disk method를 이용하여 항균력을 시험한 결과 baicalin이 주된 항균물질임을 추정할 수 있었으며, 메탄올 및 물추출물의 baicalin 함량을 분석한 결과 물추출물은 $0.75\%$이었고 메탄올추출물은 $0.82\%$로서 메탄올추출물에 있어서 baicalin 함량이 약간 높은 결과를 얻었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of Scutellariae Radix water extract on hydrogen peroxide production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Methods : Scutellariae Radix produced from South Korea (SK) and Scutellariae Radix produced from China (SC) were extracted by hot water. Effects of SK and SC on hydrogen peroxide production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 assay after 20, 24, 28, 44, 48, and 52 h incubation at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 ug/mL. Results : SK significantly increased hydrogen peroxide production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells for 20, 24, 28, 44, 48, and 52 h incubation at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 ug/mL (P < 0.05). But SC did not represent any significant effect on hydrogen peroxide production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that Scutellariae Radix, especially produced from South Korea, has the immune-enhancing property related with its increasement of bacteriocidal hydrogen peroxide production in LPS-induced macrophages.