• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2006

We analyzed the non-Newtonian and non-isothermal flow with Carreau-Yasuda viscosity model in co-rotating and counter-rotating twin screw extruder systems. The mixing performances with respect to the screw speed, the screw pitch, and the rotating direction have been investigated. The dynamics of mixing was studied numerically by tracking the motions of particles. The extent of mixing was characterized in terms of the deformation rate, the residence time distribution, and the average strain. The results showed that the high screw speed decreases the residence time but increases the deformation rate. Small screw pitch increases the residence time. It is concluded that the high screw speed increases the dispersive mixing performance, while the small screw pitch increases the distributive mixing performance. Co-rotating screw extruder has the better conveying performance and the distributive mixing performance than counter-rotating screw extruder with the same screw speed and pitch. Co-rotating screw extruder developed faster transport velocity and it is advantageous the flow characteristics to the mixing that transfers polymer melt from one barrel to the other barrel.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.30 no.1 s.244
• /
• pp.32-41
• /
• 2006

We analyzed the non-Newtonian and non-isothermal flow in the melt conveying zone in co-rotating and counter-rotating screw extruder system with the commercial code, STAR-CD, and compared the mixing performance with respect to screw speed and rotating direction. The viscosity of fluid was described by power-law model. The dynamics of mixing was studied numerically by tracking the motion of particles in a twin screw extruder system. The extent of mixing was characterized in terms of the residence time distribution and average strain. The results showed that high screw speed decreases the residence time but increases the shear rate. Therefore higher screw speed increases the strain and has better mixing performance. Counter-rotating screw extruder system and co-rotating screw extruder has the similar shear rate with the same screw speed in spite of different rotating direction. However, the counter-rotating screw has good mixing performance, which is resulted from longer residence time than that of co-rotating screw extruder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.9
• /
• pp.1407-1414
• /
• 2014

Physicochemical properties of rice-based expanded snacks extruded with rice flour, high amylose starch, and isolated soy protein were investigated using a twin-screw extruder. The ingredients were extruded at various feed moisture contents (19~23%) and screw speeds (200~400 rpm) at a constant feed rate (43.4 kg/hr). Bulk density and apparent density of rice snacks were 0.06~0.21, and 0.55~0.65 respectively. Bulk density, apparent density, water absorption index, and breaking strength of rice snacks increased with increasing feed moisture content and decreasing screw speed. However, expansion and water solubility index of rice snacks increased with decreasing feed moisture content and increasing screw speed. Hunter's color L values of rice snacks was lower with increasing screw speed at feed moisture contents of 19% and 21%, but was not significantly different from a feed moisture content of 23%. On the other hand, a and b values of rice snacks were higher with increasing screw speed a feed moisture content of 19%. X-ray diffraction intensity of rice snacks decreased with decreasing feed moisture content and increasing screw speed. X-ray diffraction of rice snacks was V-type at feed moisture contents of 19% and 21% and screw speeds of 300, and 400 rpm. In the microstructure of the cross section of rice snacks, air cells in rice snacks were not well formed, and cell walls were thicker with increasing feed moisture content and decreasing screw speed.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.143-151
• /
• 2006

We analyzed the non-Newtonian and non-isothermal flow in a single screw extruder system and investigated the mixing performance with respect to the screw speed and the screw pitch. The viscosity of polymer melt was described with Carreau-Yasuda model. The mixing performance was computed numerically by tracking the motions of particles in the screw element system. The extent of mixing was characterized in terms of the deformation rate, the residence time distribution, and the strain. The results revealed that the high screw speed reduces the residence time but increases the deformation rate while the small screw pitch increases the residence time. It is concluded that the high screw speed increases the dispersive mixing performance and the small screw pitch increases the distributive mixing performance.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.177-188
• /
• 2001

This research was carried out to examine the optimum design conditions of a vertical small-scale milling machine where the rough rice is processed directly into the white rice in one pass. Effects of the main spindle speed, feed screw pitch and ceramic coating length of the roller on various milling characteristics such as white rice processing capacity, electric energy consumption, rice temperature increase, broken rice ratio, moisture reduction, outlet force and crack ratio increase were studied. The results are as follows. 1. The maximum white rice processing capacity and the lowest crack ratio increase, were obtained from a machine with specification: main spindle speed of 970rpm having a feed screw pitch of 19㎜. 2. The minimum electric energy consumption was obtained with the main spindle speeds of 900 and 970rpm respectively having a feed screw pitch of 19㎜. 3. The rice temperature was increased as the feed screw pitch decreased and the main spindle speed increased. 4. Broken rice ratio was relatively low with the range of 0.8∼1.3%. 5. Moisture content loss was with the range of 0.05∼0.4%. 6. The highest outlet force was 0.72kg$\_$f/ with 900rpm of the main spindle speed and 19㎜ of the feed screw pitch and the lowest outlet force was 0.18∼0.34kg$\_$f/ with 970rpm of the main spindle speed and 16㎜ of the feed screw pitch. 7. The optimum design conditions for the vertical small-scale milling machine were obtained at 970rpm of the main spindle speed, 19㎜ of the feed screw pitch and 20㎜ of the ceramics coating length.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.500-507
• /
• 2014

This study aimed at conducting a flow analysis of the pressure distribution, discharge flow rate, and consequent thrust force according to the rotational speed of a three-dimensional screw propeller, and then investigating the effect of the rotational speed on the characteristics of the screw propeller by varying the relevant speed (3200, 2400, 1600, 800 rpm). In particular, the computational domain was considered by the analysis in the blades and outlet chamber, using boundary conditions. The difference between the minimum and maximum pressures was 5.5 MPa under the given conditions. The discharge flow rate at this pressure difference was on the level of 1956.67 kg/s, as a thrust force of 47083.7 T(N) was obtained. This study showed that the discharge flow rate linearly increased with the rotational speed, proportional to the RPM, while the thrust force was gradually and steadily increased with the relevant speed. In addition, it was proved that the occurrence of cavitation under the given conditions was closely related to the decrease in the durability of the screw propeller because the thrust force depends on the speed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.76-82
• /
• 1998

In this study, the Ball screw and Servo motor Mechanism is considered as a High Speed Tool Feed System for the machining of a piston of a reciprocating engine. For the machining of a piston, that shapes oval, high speed servo mechanism is needed as a positioning of a cutting tool, and the stroke of tool is 0.1 mm ~ 1 mm. Ball screw and servo motor Mechanism is available very much because this mechanism is used widely in general machine. This Mechanism has been designed with the use of the decrease in mass and partial wear of the ball screw for high speed positioning of tool. Also the periodic learning control method with the inverse transfer function compensation has been applied to the positioning control for the high accuracy positioning of tool. These applications lead the achievement of the machining of a piston with an accuracy of 5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ at 2500 rpm in CNC turning.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.772-779
• /
• 1989

The effects of screw speeds and moisture contents on the physical properties of texturized extrudate from isolated soy protein were examined by using a single-screw extruder. The screw speeds and moisture contents tested were in the range of 122-334 rpm and 20-35%, respectively, and die temperature were $90-145^{\circ}C$. The texturization characteristics such as nitrogen solubility index, integrity index, chewiness, density, rehydration ratio, and lightness after rehydration were appeared to be influenced by screw speed and moisture content. As the screw speed increased and moisture content decreased, die temperature, nitrogen solubility index, integrity index, lightness before and after rehydration were increased, while chewiness, density, water content of final extrudate wee decreased. The rehydration rate was changed drastically at the feed moisture content of 30% in particular. As the moisture content decreased, the air cell size became large and its number was increased. The effects of interaction between screw speed and moisture content of raw materials on the extrudate characteristics were tested by the analysis of variance.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.30-41
• /
• 2006

This paper shows mechanical Properties and behaviors of macrostructures for specimens welded by F.S.W according to welding conditions and tool dimensions with $6.35mm_t$ aluminum 7075-T651 alloy plate. It apparently results in defect-free weld zone in case transition speed was changed to 15mm/min 61mm/min and 124mm/min under conditions of tool rotation speed such as 800rpm. 1250rpm and 1600rpm respectively with tool's Pin diameter 40mm and 60mm. The optimum mechanical property, ultimate stress,${\sigma}_Y=470Mpa$ is obtained at the condition of 124mm/min of travel speed with 800rpm of tool rotation speed using full screw type pin. shoulder dia. $20{\phi}mm$ pin dia. $6{\phi}mm$ and pin length 6mm. The full-screw type and the half-screw type pin shows the similar behaviors of weldability. It is found that the size of nugget is depended on tool transition speed and tool dimension by macrostructures of the cross section of weld zone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.348-358
• /
• 2005

This paper showed mechanical properties and behaviors of macrostructures for specimens welded by F.S.W according to welding conditions and tool with 6.35$mm_t$ aluminum 7075-T651alloy plate. It resulted in defect-free weld zone in case tool rotation speed was 800rpm, 1250rpm and 1600rpm respectively that transition speed was changed to 15mm/min, 61mm/min and 124mm/min with tool's pin diameter 4${\Phi}$mm and 6${\Phi}$mm. The optimum mechanical property, ultimate stress,${\sigma}_Y$=470Mpa was obtained at the condition of 124mm/min of travel speed with 800rpm of tool rotation speed using full screw type pin, shoulder dia. 20${\Phi}$mm, pin dia.6${\Phi}$mm and pin length 6mm. The full-screw type and the half-screw type pin showed the similar behaviors of weldability. It is found that the size of nugget was depended on tool transition speed and tool dimension by macrostructures of the cross section of weld zone.