• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 1997

For the early selection of heat-tolerant clones, the true potato seeds of 750 clones were obtained by several cross combinations : $CIP\;575015\;{\times}\;katahdin,\;CIP\;575015\;{\times}\;B6603-6,\;84\;I\;35-4\;{\times}\;katahdin,\;CIP\;575015\;{\times}\;NookSack,\;and\;CIP575015\;{\times}\;Superior.$ The ratios of in vitro tuberization at 3$0^{\circ}C$ were decreased by 43% in all cross combinations compared with at 2$0^{\circ}C$. In particular, tuberization rate of $CIP575015\;{\times}\;katahdin$ cross at 3$0^{\circ}C$ was only 21%. On the other hand, the rate of tuberization of $CIP575015\;{\times}B6603-6$ cross was 58 % at 3$0^{\circ}C$, so this cross combination was thought to be good heat-tolerant clone. To screen the heat-tolerant clones in lower land during high temperature period, microtubers were cultivated in Kangnung, and the characters of tubers and productivity were examined. Among screened clones, one clone at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and three clones at 3$0^{\circ}C$ were shown to be heat-tolerant. The yield of 89ML75-8 was 88% more than that of Superior, and dry weight rate of 89 ML64-11 was 18.8%. Therefore, 89ML64-11 clone was considered as a good cultivar for processing.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2011

This study is to keep the accuracy and stability of the output dose evaluations for linear accelerator photon beams by using the air ionization chambers (TM31010, 0.125 cc, PTW) through the Task Group 51 protocol. The absorbed dose to water calibration factor $N_{dw}{^{Co-60}}$ was delivered from the air kerma calibration factor $N_k$ which was provided from manufacture through SSDL calibration for determination of output factor. The ionization chamber of TM31010 series was reviewed the calibration factor and other parameters for reduce the uncertainty within ${\pm}2%$ discrepancy and we found the supplied $N_{dw}{^{Co-60}}$ which was derived from Nk has shown a -2.8% uncertainty compare to that of PSDL. The authors provided the program to perform the output dosimetry with TG-51 protocol as it is composed same screen of TG-51 worksheets. The evaluated dose by determination of output factor delivered to postal TLD block for comparison the output dose to that of MDACC (RPC) in postal monitoring program. The results have shown the $1.001{\pm}0.013$ for 6 MV and $0.997{\pm}0.012$ discrepancy for 15 MV X rays for 5 years followed. This study shows the evaluated outputs for linear accelerate photon beams are very close to that of international output monitor with small discrepancy of ${\pm}1.3%$ with high reliability and showing the gradually stability after 2010.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.993-994
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• 2008

Electrochromic (EC) devices are capable of reversibly changing their optical properties upon charge injection and extraction induced by the external voltage. The characteristics of the EC device, such as low power consumption, high coloration efficiency, and memory effects under open circuit status, make them suitable for use in a variety of applications including smart windows and electronic papers. Coloration due to reduction or oxidation of redox chromophores can be used for EC devices (e-paper), but the switching time is slow (second level). Recently, with increasing demand for the low cost, lightweight flat panel display with paper-like readability (electronic paper), an EC display technology based on dye-modified $TiO_2$ nanoparticle electrode was developed. A well known organic dye molecule, viologen, was adsorbed on the surface of a mesoporous $TiO_2$ nanoparticle film to form the EC electrode. On the other hand, ZnO is a wide bandgap II-VI semiconductor which has been applied in many fields such as UV lasers, field effect transistors and transparent conductors. The bandgap of the bulk ZnO is about 3.37 eV, which is close to that of the $TiO_2$ (3.4 eV). As a traditional transparent conductor, ZnO has excellent electron transport properties, even in ZnO nanoparticle films. In the past few years, one-dimension (1D) nanostructures of ZnO have attracted extensive research interest. In particular, 1D ZnO nanowires renders much better electron transportation capability by providing a direct conduction path for electron transport and greatly reducing the number of grain boundaries. These unique advantages make ZnO nanowires a promising matrix electrode for EC dye molecule loading. ZnO nanowires grow vertically from the substrate and form a dense array (Fig. 1). The ZnO nanowires show regular hexagonal cross section and the average diameter of the ZnO nanowires is about 100 nm. The cross-section image of the ZnO nanowires array (Fig. 1) indicates that the length of the ZnO nanowires is about $6\;{\mu}m$. From one on/off cycle of the ZnO EC cell (Fig. 2). We can see that, the switching time of a ZnO nanowire electrode EC cell with an active area of $1\;{\times}\;1\;cm^2$ is 170 ms and 142 ms for coloration and bleaching, respectively. The coloration and bleaching time is faster compared to the $TiO_2$ mesoporous EC devices with both coloration and bleaching time of about 250 ms for a device with an active area of $2.5\;cm^2$. With further optimization, it is possible that the response time can reach ten(s) of millisecond, i.e. capable of displaying video. Fig. 3 shows a prototype with two different transmittance states. It can be seen that good contrast was obtained. The retention was at least a few hours for these prototypes. Being an oxide, ZnO is oxidation resistant, i.e. it is more durable for field emission cathode. ZnO nanotetropods were also applied to realize the first prototype triode field emission device, making use of scattered surface-conduction electrons for field emission (Fig. 4). The device has a high efficiency (field emitted electron to total electron ratio) of about 60%. With this high efficiency, we were able to fabricate some prototype displays (Fig. 5 showing some alphanumerical symbols). ZnO tetrapods have four legs, which guarantees that there is one leg always pointing upward, even using screen printing method to fabricate the cathode.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2009

Purpose : This study set out to compare the educational effects of a video self-instruction program for child CPR education on childcare teachers by applying the 2006 KACPR Guideline. By adopting the nonequivalent control group posttest quasi-experimental design, the study examined the educational effects on a group that did not receive instructions from the instructor, another group that received his instructions, and the other group that received an extra three-minute practice training session in addition to instructions. Methods : Data were gathered from August 6 to 18, 2008. As for research tools, the Knowledge Instrument of CPR by Connolly (2006) was used along with the National Practice Test Protocol for C1ass 1 Emergency Medical Technicians (2007) and Common Protocol for CPR (2006) to examine the performance of child CPR. By shooting the guide screen of $Resusci^{(R)}$ Junior CPR Manikin of Leardal with a video camera and using the Skill Guide Checklist of the Common Protocol for CPR (2006), the subjects' technical accuracy of chi1d CPR was evaluated. There were three subject groups: 29 childcare teachers randomly assigned to received the video self-instruction program training for chi1d CPR and no instructions from the instructor made up the control group; 22 childcare teachers randomly assigned to received the program training and instructions from the instructor made up experiment group I; 23 childcare teachers randomly assigned to received an extra three-minute practice training session in addition to the program training and the instructions made up experiment group II. The gathered data were analyzed with SPSS/PC+ (Version 14.0) in frequency, percentage, $X^2$-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test. Results : 1) There were no statistically significant differences (F=1.030, p=.362) among the groups in terms of knowledge scores after the child CPR education. 2) There were statistically significant differences (F=13.625, p=.000) among the groups in terms of performance abilities after the child CPR education. 3) There were no statistically significant differences (F=1.610, p=.207) among the groups in terms of technical accuracy of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation after the child CPR education 4) There were no statistically significant differences (F=1.484, p=.234) among the groups in terms of technical accuracy of chest compression after the child CPR education. Conclusion : The results indicate that childcare teachers can improve their performance abilities in child CPR when the instructors are active with their instructions and extra practice hours are secured through a VSI program. It's also needed to provide education with increasing concentration ratio about the items of lower knowledge points in order to help the teachers learn the accurate theory of child CPR. And there should be VSI programs of diverse conditions to increase the effects of child CPR training among childcare teachers.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.49-54
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• 2004

Purpose : To valuate the usefulness of mammographic image by using phantom 1,2 to controls the enhancement of image quality. Procedure : Set up same equipments for experiment (all the qualification must be the same). Control group and 4 other experiment the developing mammographys by using the image system with film/intensifying screen and distribute marks on each test objects of phantom 1, 2. Result : The results of the experiment using phantom 1, 2 on control group and 4 others are : 1. phantom 1's valuation with 3 items. - control group received 29 out of 32 - group A received 25 - group B received 16 - group C received 11.5 - group D received 28.5 The evaluation shows that the system has proved to display excellent image quality except group B and C. 2. Phantom 2's valuation with 4 items. - control group received 38 out of 38 - group A received 30 - group B received 16 - group C received 12.5 - group D received 38 Even with phantom 2, group B and C has displayed poor image quality. Conclusion : Both experiments using phantom 1 and 2 have shown that the most strong factor that control and influence the image quality are the filming equipments. Especially, the developing system has most powerful influence above all.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1997

L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ powders were prepared by both GNP(Glycine-Nitrate Process) and solid state reaction method in various of calcination temperature(800-1000.deg. C) and time in air. Also, L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ cathode contacts on YSZ(Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) substrate were prepared by screen printing and sintering method as a function of sintering temperature(1100-1450.deg. C) in air. Sintering behaviors have been investigated by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) and porosity measurement. Compositional and structural characterization were carried out by X-ray diffractometer and ICP AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry) analysis. Electrical characterization was carried out by the electrical conductivity with linear 4 point probe method. As the calcination period increased in solid state reaction method, L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ phase increased. Although L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ single phase was obtained only for 48hrs at 1000.deg. C, in GNP method it was easy to get single and ultra-fine L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ powders with submicron particle size at 650.deg. C for 30min. The particle size and thickness of L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ cathode contact by solid state reaction method did not change during the heat treatment, while those by GNP method showed good sintering characteristics because initial powder size fabricated from GNP method is smaller than that fabricated from solid state reaction method. Based on enthalpy change from thermodynamic data and ICP-AES analysis, it was suggested to make cathode contact in composition of (L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$)$_{0.91}$ Mn $O_{3}$ which have little second phase (L $a_{2}$Z $r_{2}$ $O_{7}$) for high efficient solid oxide fuel cells applications. As (L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$)$_{0.91}$Mn $O_{3}$ cathode contact on YSZ substrate was sintering at 1250.deg. C the temperature that liquid phase sintering did not occur. It was possible to obtain proper cathode contacts with electrical conductivity of 150(S/cm) and porosity content of 30-40%.m) and porosity content of 30-40%.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1041-1043
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• 2000

We present the effects of temperature (between 10 K and 298 K) and of hole concentration on the frequency and intensity of characteristic phonons in polycrystalline $La_2CuO_4-related$ compounds using FT-IR spectros-copy. The influences of the concentration of carrier doped on the phonon modes are prominent in the IR spectra of $La_2CuO_4-related$ compounds. For $La_2-xSrxCuO_4({\chi}=$ 0.00, 0.03, 0.07, 0.10, and 0.15) and electrochemically (or chemically) oxidized $La_2CuO_4$, the intensities of the transverse oxygen mode around 680cm $-^1$ which cor-responds mainly to Cu-O(1) stretching vibration in the basal plane of CuO6 octahedron, are decreased and dis-appeared depending on the Sr-substitution rate and the amount of excess oxygen, while the longitudinal oxygen mode around 510 cm $-^1$ corresponding to the Cu-O(2) stretching in the basal plane of CuO6 octahedron are near-ly invariable. In particular, after two cycles of cooling-heating between 10 K and 298 K for these sample, the phonons around 680 cm $-^1$ are blue shif 13-15 cm $-^1$, while the phonons around 510 cm $-^1$ are nearly constant. The introduction of the charge carrier by doping would give rise to the small contraction of CuO6 oc-tahedron as Cu $^3+$ requires a smaller site than Cu $^2+$, which results in the shortening of the Cu-O(1) bond length and Cu-O(2) bond length with the increased La-O(2) bond length. These results in the frequency shift of the characteristic phonons. The IR spectra of $La_2Li0.5Cu0.5O_4$ which exhibits an insulator behavior despite the $Cu^3+$ of nearly 100%, corroborate our IR interpretations. The mode around 710 cm $-^1$ corresponding to Cu-O(1) stretching vibration is still strongly remained even at low temperature (10 K). Thus, we conclude that the con-duction electrons formed within $CuO_2$ planes of $La_2CuO_4-related$ superconductors screen more effectively the transverse oxygen breathing mode around 680 $cm-^1$ depending on the concentration of the doped charge carrier in $La_2CuO_4-related$ compounds, which might use as a superconductivity probe.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2023

Core-shell TiO₂/Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified sol-gel process and the reverse micelle method using acetoxime as a reducing agent in water/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DDBA)/cyclohexane. The structure, shape, and size of the TiO₂/Ag nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The size of TiO₂/Ag nanoparticles could be controlled by changing the [water]/[DDBA] molar ratio values. The size and the polydispersity of TiO₂/Ag nanoparticles increased when the [water]/[DDBA] molar ratio rose. The resultant Ag nanoparticles over the anatase crystal TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited a strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at about 430 nm. The SPR peak shifted to the red side with the increase in nanoparticle size. Conductive pastes with 70 wt% TiO₂/Ag nanoparticles were prepared, and the pastes were coated on the PET films using a screen-printing method. The printed paste films of the TiO₂/Ag nanoparticles demonstrated greater surface resistance than conventional Ag paste in the range of 405~630 μΩ/sq.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.40
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• pp.477-496
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• 2015

Emotional awareness is the image of a person is represented by different tendencies. Currently, the emotion computing to objectively evaluate the emotion recognition research is being actively studied. However, existing emotional computing research has many problems to run. First, the non-objective in emotion recognition if it is inaccurate. Second, the correlation between the emotion recognition is unclear points. So to test the regularity of image sensitivity to the need of the present study is to control emotions in the computing system. In addition, the screen number of the emotion recognized for the purpose of this study, applying the method of objective image emotional computing system and compared with a similar degree of emotion of the person. The key features of the image emotional computing system calculates the emotion recognized as numbered digital form. And to study the background of emotion computing is a key advantage of the effect of the James A. Russell for digitization of emotion (Core Affect). Pleasure emotions about the core axis (X axis) of pleasure and displeasure, tension (Y-axis) axis of tension and relaxation of emotion, emotion is applied to the computing research. Emotional axis with associated representative sensibility very happy, excited, elated, happy, contentment, calm, relaxing, quiet, tired, helpless, depressed, sad, angry, stress, anxiety, pieces 16 of tense emotional separated by a sensibility ComputingIt applies. Course of the present study is to use the color of the color key elements of the image computing formula sensitivity, brightness, and saturation applied to the sensitivity property elements. Property and calculating the rate sensitivity factors are applied to the importance weight, measured by free-level sensitivity score (X-axis) and the tension (Y-axis). Emotion won again expanded on the basis of emotion crossed point, and included a representative selection in Sensibility size of the top five ranking representative of the main emotion. In addition, measuring the emotional image of a person with 16 representative emotional score, and separated by a representative of the top five senses. Compare the main representative of the main representatives of Emotion and Sensibility people aware of the sensitivity of the results to verify the similarity degree computing emotion emotional emotions depending on the number of representative matches. The emotional similarity computing results represent the average concordance rate of major sensitivity was 51%, representing 2.5 sensibilities were consistent with the person's emotion recognition. Similar measures were the degree of emotion computing calculation and emotion recognition in this study who were given the objective criteria of the sensitivity calculation. Future research will need to be maintained weight room and the study of the emotional equation of a higher concordance rate improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2011

Currently, the development of direct conversion radiation detector using photoconductor materials is progressing in widely. Among of theses photoconductor materials, mercuric iodide compound than amorphous selenium has excellent absorption and sensitivity of high energy radiation. Also, the detection efficiency of signal generated in photoconductor film varies by electric filed and geometric distribution according to top-bottom electrode size. Therefore, in this work, the x-ray detection characteristics are investigated about the size of top electrode in $HgI_2$ photoconductor film. For sample fabrication, to solve the problem that is difficult to make a large area film, we used the spatial paste screen-print method. And the sample thickness is $150{\mu}m$ and an film area size is $3cm{\times}3cm$ on ITO-coated glass substrate. ITO(Indium-Tin-Oxide) electrode was used as top electrode using a magnetron sputtering system and each area is $3cm{\times}3cm$, $2cm{\times}2cm$ and $1cm{\times}1cm$. From experimental measurement, the dark current, sensitivity and SNR of the $HgI_2$ film are obtained from I-V test. From the experimental results, it shows that the sensitivity increases in accordance with the area of the electrode but the SNR is decreased because of the high dark current. Therefore, the optimized size of electrode is importance for the development of photoconductor based x-ray imaging detector.