• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.452-460
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• 2019

Exposure to heavy metals through the consumption of contaminated seafood poses a health risk to humans. In Korea, seafood imports are increasing with consumption, with the largest increase in imported seafood coming from Russia. Peter the Great Bay and the Razdolnaya River are both major fisheries and protected areas under the Northwest Pacific Action Plan located near Vladivostok, Russia. This study analyzed heavy metal [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), total mercury (tHg), and total (tAs), and inorganic (iAs) arsenic] concentrations in shellfish and crustaceans collected from these areas. Except for iAs, the major toxic heavy metal concentrations of the samples met the national standards (Cd, 0.024-0.982 and 0.003-0.379 mg/kg; Pb, 0.021-1.533 and 0.002 mg/kg; tHg, 0.006-0.015 and 0.036-0.097 mg/kg). The tAs concentrations of three samples exceeded the Russian standard (5 mg/kg, wet weight), whereas the iAs concentrations were extremely low (ND-0.033 mg/kg). Compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, the percentages of PTWI of Cd, Pb, and tHg were 0.239%, 0.001-0.049%, and 0.013-0.302%, respectively. These findings reveal that there is no potential health risk by heavy metals through the consumption of Russian seafood obtained in the surveyed areas.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2012

최근 국내 여러 지방자치단체들은 해양개발이 활성화됨에 따라 관할해역 확보에 총력을 기울이고 있으며, 인접 지방자치단체간 분쟁의 증가로 인하여 관할해역 구분의 기준이 되는 해상경계의 중요성이 급격히 부각되고 있다. 특히, 해상경계 획정기준의 부재는 인접 지방자치단체들 간 분쟁을 발생시킬 수 있는 요소를 많이 내포함에 따라서 해상경계 획정기준 마련을 위한 노력이 절실히 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 과학적이고 합리적인 해상경계 획정기준을 마련하기 위하여 기 고시된 "해상경계 확인을 위한 수로측량업무규정"을 조사 분석하여 개선사항을 도출하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 해상경계 획정의 개념을 수립하였고 둘째, 해상경계 획정기준의 범위와 내용 및 절차를 구체적으로 설정하였으며, 마지막으로 지방자치단체들 간 해상경계 분쟁의 사전예방 및 사후 합법적 해결을 목적으로 해상경계조정위원회의 설치, 구성, 직무, 조정결과의 효력 등과 같은 해상경계 분쟁조정방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2017

공동주택의 공종별 책임 하자 보증기간은 과학적인 분석에 근거를 두지 않고 있어. 기간의 적절성이 분쟁의 원인이 되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 2010~2011기준 국토교통부 하자심사 분쟁조정위원회에 접수된 하자제기건수 중 공동주택 하자 중 가장 많이 제기된 마감공사의 하자실태를 파악하여 하자보수기간의 적절성을 평가하고자 하였다. 마감공사의 하자청구건수를 분석한 결과 대부분의 공종별 하자는 2년 이후에도 나타나고 있으며, 60% 정도만이 하자담보책임기간 내에 청구되고 있는 실정이다. 공종별 하자는 상호간에 연관성을 가지고 있으며 이러한 점은 시공의 관리 차원에서 고려되어 공법의 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 공동주택의 선호도에 큰 영향을 끼치는 시공능력평가 순위와 하자발생의 상관성이 낮은 것으로 보아 실제 수행하는 전문업체의 하자관련 검증 절차가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.558-567
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to monitor the use of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments in Korean studies of patients with diabetes. Methods: Of 86 Korean studies initially identified, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. For each study, a description of the instrument and its psychometric properties were monitored by the Instrument Review Criteria of the Scientific Advisory Committee. These criteria include conceptual definition, attributes, taxonomy, reliability, validity, responsiveness, administrative mode, and language adaptations. Results: Five generic and one diabetes specific type questionnaires were identified from the 17 studies. Of those studies, conceptual definitions with the attributes of multi-dimension and subjectiveness were provided for 11 studies (71%). In the analysis of conceptual taxonomy, only 6 studies were classified as HRQOL, while other studies were done as QOL or health status. In monitoring of psychometric properties, reliability, validity, and responsiveness were reported for 88.2%, 64.7%, and 29.4%, respectively. One generic instrument was developed with a Korean population, while the other instruments were developed for Western countries. However, language adaptations were performed for only a few of the instruments. Conclusion: The psychometric properties including responsiveness of most instruments warrants further research, and the development of diabetes-specific HRQOL measurements should be sought to facilitate intervention outcomes across Korean studies of patients with diabetes.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권8호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2018

Purpose: Wasting and underweight are the 2 main indicators of children's undernutrition. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition at the national level in Iran. Methods: We performed a search for original articles published in international and Iranian databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINHAL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scientific Information Database, Irandoc, Iranmedex, and Magiran during January 1989-August 2017. Seven keywords, in English and Persian, including malnutrition, protein energy malnutrition, growth disorders, underweight wasting, weight loss, children below 5 years old, and children, were used to search the databases. Results: Finally, 17 articles were included in the meta-analysis, based on which the prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iranian children were estimated to be 11% and 5%, respectively. The prevalence rates of underweight among children in the central, western, southern, and northern parts of Iran and at the national level were 24%, 5%, 20%, 17%, and 6%, respectively. The prevalence rates of wasting in the central, western, southern, and northern parts of Iran and at the national level were 9%, 4%, 11%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iran was low, some parts of the country showed high prevalence. The main reason behind this difference in the prevalence of malnutrition may be due to the level of development in different regions.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.283-305
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• 2005

과학기술데이터는 엄격한 평가기준에 의해 신뢰성과 정확성이 보장된 참조표준(standard reference data) 값을 지닐 수 있어야 한다. 참조표준은 측정표준을 바탕으로 구하여진 결과 값을 표준화시키는 작업으로서 데이터의 생산조건, 실험환경. 측정방법, 데이터 처리 등이 검토되어 참조데이터(reference data)와 구분된다. 참조표준은 "공인된 수치데이터"로 표현되고 이는 측정결과의 신뢰도를 정량적으로 나타내는 불확도 (uncertainty)로 표기된다. 본 연구에서는 참조표준에 대한 의미를 이해하고, 평가되지 않은 과학기술 데이터가 어떤 평가 과정을 거쳐 참조표준으로 분류되는지를 알아보기 위해 소재물성분야를 예로 살펴보았다. 그리고 국가 참조표준을 본격적으로 운영하기 위한 방안으로 국가참조표준센터, 데이터센터, 위원회의 역할과 임무, 이를 뒷받침하기 위한 법적. 제도적 방안을 제시하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.109-145
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• 2002

Council Directive 76/768/EEC는 EU에서 화장품에 대한 기본적인 규정에 대한 기초가 된다. 이 규정의 배경과 원리에 대한 간단한 소개 후에 주요안건에 대해 강연할 것이다. 특히, 안전성에 대한 기본적인 원칙에 대해 주로 다루었으며, 6차 개정 이행(Council Directive 93/3S/EC)에 따른 영향에 대하여 분석 하였다. 토론의 주요 주제는 화장품의 안전성에 대한 요건과 EU시장에서 화장품 출시시 최종적인 책임, 개개의 성분의 안전성을 기초로 한 최종제품의 안전성에 대한 EU의 개념, 모든 최종제품에 대한 유럽에서 요구하는 서류와 개개의 성분들의 positive list와 negative list의 존재여부에 대하여 다루어지며 또한 주요관심인 7차 개정에 의해 새롭게 제안된 것과 동물대체시험법의 사용에 대해 강연할 것이다. 마지막으로, positive list에 존재하는 성분의 경우 SCCNFP에 의하여 이루어지는 안전성평가와 최종 제품에 대한 기술적인 측면에서 안전성평가자로서 이루어지는 평가에 대해 상세하게 다루어 질 것이다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.2-10
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• 2020

Background: Huge amounts of radionuclides were released into the environment due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, which caused not only serious contamination on the ground, but also radiation exposure to the public. One problem that remains in performing the dose estimation is the difficulty of estimating the internal thyroid dose due to the intake of radioiodine (mainly, ¹³¹I) because of limitations to the human data available. Materials and Methods: The relevant papers were collected and reviewed by the authors. The results of thyroid dose estimates from different studies were tabulated for comparison. Results and Discussion: The thyroid dose estimates from the studies varied widely. The dose estimates by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation were higher than the others due to the ingestion dose being based on conservative assumptions. The dose estimates by Japanese experts were mostly below 20-30 mSv. The recent studies suggested that exposure on March 12, 2011 would be crucial for late evacuees from the areas near the FD-NPP because of the possible intake of short-lived radionuclides other than ¹³¹I. Further multilateral studies are vital to reduce uncertainties in the present dose estimations. Conclusion: The estimation of the thyroid doses to Fukushima residents still has many uncertainties. However, it is considered unlikely that the thyroid doses exceeded 50 mSv except in some extreme cases. Further multilateral studies are thus necessary to reduce the uncertainties in the present dose estimations.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find the biomechanical research project result carried out at 2011 IAAF World championship in Daegu. This project was approved by the International Amateur Athletic Federation(IAAF) and financially supported by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism(MCST) and, Korea Association of Athletics Federations(KAAF). The total number of the project members was 20, including the members of the Scientific Committee, the Korean Society of Sport Biomechanics(KSSB) and graduate students as assistants. The objective of this project has been to analyze the performance in the track events(100 m, 110 mH) and field events(Long Jump, High Jump, Triple Jump, Pole Vault, Javelin Throw and Shot Put). This project was focused on the biomechanical research only. This kind of analysis has been carried out at major competitions for more than a decade, as it provides coaches and athletes with very useful information as an aid to training programmes and competition preparation. The biomechanical analysis of the top athletes in the world in each specialty serves as a reference for assessing technique and rationalizing the results achieved. The results will be disseminated world-wide and coaches will be in a better position to design training strategies in line with current world trends.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2020

Background: International organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) reported public exposure doses due to radionuclides released in the Fukushima nuclear accident a few years after the event. However, the reported doses were generally overestimated due to conservative assumptions such as a longer stay in deliberate areas designated for evacuation than the actual stay. After these reports had been published, more realistic dose values were reported by Japanese scientists. Materials and Methods: The present paper reviews those reports, including the most recently published articles; and summarizes estimated effective doses (external and internal) and issues related to their estimation. Results and Discussion: External dose estimation can be categorized as taking two approaches-estimation from ambient dose rate and peoples' behavior patterns-and measurements using personal dosimeters. The former approach was useful for estimating external doses in an early stage after the accident. The first 4-month doses were less than 2 mSv for most (94%) study subjects. Later on, individual doses came to be monitored by personal dosimeter measurements. On the basis of these measurements, the estimated median annual external dose was reported to be < 1 mSv in 2011 for 22 municipalities of Fukushima Prefecture. Internal dose estimation also can be categorized as taking two approaches: estimation from whole-body counting and estimation from monitoring of environmental samples such as radioactivity concentrations in food and drinking water. According to results by the former approach, committed effective dose due to ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs could be less than 0.1 mSv for most residents including those from evacuated areas. Conclusion: Realistic doses estimated by Japanese scientists indicated that the doses reported by WHO and UNSCEAR were generally overestimated. Average values for the first-year effective doses for residents in two affected areas (Namie Town and Iitate Village) were not likely to reach 10 mSv, the lower end of the doses estimated by WHO.