The survey was carried out on 1,031 primary school children for about 1 month, from June 1, to June 30, 1974, for the purose of understanding indirectly scio-medical status of a remote rural area, reflecting health status of primary school children. The summarized results were as follows: 1) The average age of surveyed children according to school year by sex was older in girls than in boys. The entrance in school at suitable age was peaked as 80.9% in boys of 5th school year and 72.4% in girls of 3rd school year, and also sunk 68.8% in boys of 2nd school year and 58.7% in girls of 1st school year. 2) Prevalence rate according to W.H.O. diseases classification during last a month and a year. a) During last month: The diseases of respiratory system remarked the highest 101.1 in boys and 116.6 in girls. The next were diseases of digestive system (24.2 in boys and 32.1 in girls), The girls were higher than boys in prevalence rate. b) During last year: The diseases of diegestive system ranked the highest 133.0 in boys and next, the diseases of respiratory system (108.6 in boys). c) Present illness: Number of code III ranked the highest 129.2 and next XII(127.3) in boys but inverted in girls such as XII(144.9) and III(116.7) and also, Number of code XVII was prevalenced twice in boys than in girls. d) Chief complaints by sex: Abdominal pain ranked the highest 71.2 per 1,000 population and next headache (34.7) in boys but headache ranked the heighest 88.5 and next abdominal pain (63.3) in girls. e) Water drinking habit: Number of code IX was higher in habit of raw water drinker than in habit of boiled water drinker and healthy children were higher in boiled water habit group than in raw water habit group. The diseases of respiratory system were the highest 124.74 in girls and next, the diseases of digestive system (52.3 in girls). According to school year, healthy children were increased to higher grades. 3) Average sick day per total surveyed children and patient during last month and last year. a) Per surveyed 1,031 children was 0.28 days during last month and 0.98 days during last year. And also per patient was 1.78 days during last month and 3.22 days during last year. b) Average sick day was higher in girls than in boys during last month, but inverted during last year. 4) Average absented day per total surveyed children and patient during last month and last year. a) Per surveyed 1,031 children were 0.43 days during last month and 3.81 days during last year (omitted 1st school year). b) Per absented children were 2.0 days during last month and 7.10 days during last year. c) Per absented children were 8.16 days in boys and 3.17 days in girls. 5) Utilization of medical facilities: The drug-store was consulted 91.2% of the total utilized boys and girls. The strengthening of medical facilities and medical care activities in health subcenter is urgently required 6) Medical Expenses by period and sex: a) Average medical expenses per surveyed 1,031 children were 35.95 won, per patient were 298.04 won during last month. b) Average medical expenses per survey children (omitted 1st school year) were 80.56 won, per patient were 243.98 won and per treated patient were 318.87 won during last year. c) Medical expenses were higher in boys than in girls. 7) Rohrer index by sex, present illness and school year. a) Average Rohrer index was 129.8 in boys and 126.2 in girls. b) Average Rohrer index was increased for 1st school year to 2nd school year and thereafter falling down step by step by school year. c) Under 151-160 Rohrer index number of code III was the highest and above 151-160 Rohrer index of code XII was peaked.
The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of children's elementary school entrance age and sex on cognitive and social abilities. The subjects were 80 the same number was slected by elementary school entrance age(5-year and 6-year) and sex. Their cognitive and social abilities were measured by Intelligence Maturity Test and Revised Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. The data were statistically analyzed including descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance. The results were as follows: 1) 6-year-old children had higher perceptive ability of sameness and calculation ability than 5-year-old children. Girls also had higher IQ and language concept than boys, 2) 6-year-old children's communication socialization and total social ability were higher than those of 5-year old children Girls' communication and total social ability were higher than those of boys. The implication was that it would be important to consider children's social ability if their entrance age were decided. In addition Early Entrance to Elementary School system should be reconsidered in the point of childer's developmental adaptation.
Kim, Young-Kyung;Moon, Hyock-Soo;Jung, Jae-Yeon;Han, Su-Jin;Lee, Byoung-Jin;Kim, Eun-Kyeong;Jung, Hye-Ryun
Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
/
v.14
no.1
/
pp.73-81
/
2001
The purpose of this study was to collect basic data for the development of effective oral health education program in elementary school. The subjects in this study Were 604 fourth-year, fifth-year and sixth-year students of an elementary school in Seoul, Oral health awareness and behaviors were surveyed and analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The most common time for toothbrushing was after dinner(62.0%) and before bedtime(62.3%). By school year, the largest number who brushed their teeth after dinner were fourth and fifth graders while the greatest number who did so after breakfast were sixth graders. Seventy-four percent of respondents brushed the teeth twice or more a day. By school year, the fifth-year students brushed their teeth the least while girls outperformed the boys in daily toothbrushing frequency(p<0.05). Regarding the intake of cariogenic food, 62.1% took that kind of food once or more a day. By school year, the fifth graders took the most (p<0.05), and girls took more cariogenic food than the boys(p<0.05). 2. Ninety percent of the respondents had visited a dental clinic. By grade, the sixth-year students had visited a dental clinic more frequently and girls more frequently than boys. Eighty percent of the respondents visited a dental clinic to receive treatment but just 12.3% visited a dental clinic to prevent oral diseases. Concerning the fear of dental treatment, only 14.4% expressed fear. School year made no difference, yet the percentage of girls who experienced fear was higher than that of boys(p<0.05). Regarding preventive treatment, 39.7% experienced pit and fissure sealing and 24.2% experienced the application of fluorides. All the students hadn't much experience in preventive treatment regardless of school year -- gender didn't make a difference. 3. Fourty-six percent of respondents had a preference for the fluoride mouth rinsing program; 38.4% wanted that program to continue. As to the reason for preference, 38.2% preferred it because of the prevention of dental caries, 43.0%, the largest percentage, didn't favor it because they found it too much trouble to do(some of the respondents gave two different answers). 4. Despite an increase in the frequency of toothbrushing at the right time, they still took cariogenic food frequently. Their visit to a dental clinics also aimed at treatment more than at prevention, and they had very narrow experience of preventive treatment Furthermore, the fluoride mouth rinsing program failed to draw their interest Therefore, it is recommended that a successful oral health education program should be developed.
PARK, TAE-SU;KEUM, JONGHAE;KIM, HOISUB;KIM, YOUNG ROCK;MIN, YOUNGHO
Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
/
v.26
no.1
/
pp.23-48
/
2022
In this paper, we provide predictive models for the market price of fruits, and analyze the performance of each fruit price predictive model. The data used to create the predictive models are fruit price data, weather data, and Korea composite stock price index (KOSPI) data. We collect these data through Open-API for 10 years period from year 2011 to year 2020. Six types of fruit price predictive models are constructed using the LSTM algorithm, a special form of deep learning RNN algorithm, and the performance is measured using the root mean square error. For each model, the data from year 2011 to year 2018 are trained to predict the fruit price in year 2019, and the data from year 2011 to year 2019 are trained to predict the fruit price in year 2020. By comparing the fruit price predictive models of year 2019 and those models of year 2020, the model with excellent efficiency is identified and the best model to provide the service is selected. The model we made will be available in other countries and regions as well.
Objectives The Yin-Yang construct was shown to have stable internal reliability or consistency using Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) throughout the various ages, however the study of stability over specific period of time was only conducted using adults. The purpose of the study was to examine the stability across the time using middle school students whose physical and psychological characteristics were most rapidly changing. Methods The 122 middle school students (65 boys and 57 girls) completed the SPQ at 1st year and 2nd year with one-year time difference. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and Pearson's correlation analysis were employed in order to show the internal consistency and stability over one-year interval after considering sex difference. Results The internal consistency of SPQ-T, SPQ-B, SPQ-C, SPQ-E using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ were .61, .72, .28, .28 in 2016 and .62, .72, .26, .46 in 2017. The one-year test-retest reliability of SPQ-T, SPQ-B, SPQ-C, SPQ-E using Pearson's correlation analysis were .56, .61, .31, .23 in boys and .58, .63, .64, .29 in girls. Conclusion The current study showed the stability of Yin-Yang temperament across the one-year time suggesting that the Yin-Yang temperament is quite stable and measurable concept and the SPQ would be considered as an objective and reliable personality assessment.
Kim, Sinjae;Park, Minhwan;Seo, Ji-Hyun;Woo, Hyang-Ok;Youn, Hee-Shang;Park, Jung Je;Jeon, Sea-Yuoug;Hwa, Jung Seok;Mullan, Patricia;Gruppen, Larry D.
Kosin Medical Journal
/
v.33
no.2
/
pp.181-190
/
2018
Objectives: Our school introduced a new curriculum based on faculty-directed, intensive, small-group teaching of clinical skills in the third-year medical students. To examine its effects, we compared the mean scores on an OSCE between the third- and fourth-year medical students. Methods: Third- and fourth-year students did rotations at the same five OSCE stations. They then completed a brief self-reporting questionnaire survey to examine the degree of satisfaction with new curriculum in the third-year students and clinical practice in the fourth-year students, as well as their perception of confidence and preparedness. We analyzed the OSCE data obtained from 158 students, 133 of whom also completed the questionnaire. Results: Mean OSCE scores on the breast examination and wet smear stations were significantly higher in the third-year group (P < 0.001). But mean OSCE scores of motor-sensory examination and lumbar puncture were significantly higher in the fourth-year group (P < 0.05). The mean OSCE scores had no significant correlation with satisfaction. In addition, the self-ratings of confidence had a high degree of correlation with satisfaction with new curriculum (r = 0.673) and clinical practice (r = 0.692). Furthermore, there was a moderate degree of correlation between satisfaction and preparedness in both groups (r = 0.403 and 0.449). Conclusions: There is no significant difference in the effect on the degree of clinical performance and confidence between an intensive-small group teaching and a 1-year clinical practice. If combined, intensive small group teaching and clinical practice would be useful to improve the degree of ability and confidence in medical students.
Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
/
v.16
no.4
/
pp.933-942
/
2005
Recently, the decrease of the number of the third graders in a high-school have serious influences on the number of a limit matriculation of colleges and universities. The purpose of this paper is to forecast for the number of a high-school graduate until 2022 year in Daegu city as based on the resident registration population. As the based period of 2004, most college and universities in Daegu city have to reduce the 37.5% of the number of limit matriculation until 2022 year to equal the number of the third graders in a high-school.
The purpose of this study was to assess third-year medical students' competency for development or revision of the undergraduate curriculum and assessments. One hundred and twenty-seven third-year medical students at the Pusan National University were included in the study. After third- and fourth-year students took a common written examination, clinical performance examination (CPX), and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) with common items as a summative assessment, the third-year students' competency was compared with 132 forth-year students' results. The correlation of the written examination and CPX/OSCE was analysed, and the summative results were compared with the grade point average (GPA) through the second year, CPX/ OSCE in the second year, and GPA in the clerkship. On the written examination, the third-year students' mean score was lower than the fourth-year students' by over 11 points, whereas the gap in the CPX/OSCE was 4 points and there was no difference in the OSCE. There was a moderate correlation between the written examination and the CPX/OSCE scores (R=0.371, p<0.01). The written examination was highly correlated with GPA through the second year, which mainly evaluated medical knowledge (R=0.771, p<0.01). A relatively high correlation was observed between CPX/OSCE scores and GPA in the clerkship (R=0.641, p<0.01). The summative CPX/ OSCE scores showed a moderate correlation with formative CPX/OSCE scores in the second year (R=0.464, p< 0.01). The third-year students' score was quite low on the written examination and slightly low on the CPX/OSCE compared to that of the fourth-year students. The written examination and CPX/OSCE cannot replace each other and should be combined with other methods of evaluation to measure competency. Early OSCE and workplacebased assessment should be useful in the early assessment of clinical skills competency.
Purpose: This study was done to identify change in self-concept of smoking experience in middle school students. Method: The study was a longitudinal survey design and used only the responses on self-concept and smoking state from the data of the Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS). The sample for this study consisted of 3,449 middle school students and the data were collected over a two-year period (2003-2004). Results: Self-esteem scores for the first and second year were significantly higher and self-stigma and aggression scores were significantly lower in the non-smoking maintenance group. There was a significant increase in self-esteem scores for students in second year who quit smoking compared to those in first year. There was a significant decrease in scores for attachment to surrounding people and emotional sense of control in second year students compared to those first year for students in the non-smoking maintenance group and the group that quit smoking. Self-intimacy scores were significantly lower in the smoking maintenance group. There was a significant increase in sex-role identity scores in second year students compared to those in first year for students in the group who newly started smoking. Conclusion: Findings from this study can contribute to designing appropriate smoking prevention strategies to improve self-constructs related smoking experiences in adolescents.
The purpose of this study is to find out the level of science teaching efficacy belief in the elementary school teachers and to find out the students' science process skills and scientific attitudes according to the level of the teacher's science teaching efficacy belief. After measuring science teaching efficacy belief of 109 teachers from nine elementary schools, three teachers who received the high score and three teachers who received the low score were selected from each 5th and 6th grade. Science process skills and scientific attitudes of 331 students who were in the selected 12 teachers' classes were measured. The results of this study were as follows; First, there were significant differences on the elementary school teachers' science teaching efficacy belief according to teacher's gender and career. The men's average score was clearly higher than women's average score on personal science teaching efficacy in science teaching efficacy belief according to teacher's gender. There was a obvious difference between the group of more than six-year less than ten-year and the group of more than fifteen-year less than twenty-year, the group of more than twenty-year on science teaching outcome expectancy in science teaching efficacy belief according to teacher's career. Second, there was not a evident difference on the elementary school students' science process skill according to the level of the elementary school teachers' science teaching efficacy. Third, there was a distinct difference on the elementary school students' scientific attitude according to the elementary school teachers' science teaching efficacy. There was a significant difference on the openness and the endurance in each scientific attitude. The level of science teaching efficacy belief in the elementary school teachers had few effects on the elementary school students' science process skill, on the other hand the level of science teaching efficacy belief in the elementary school teachers had an positive effect on the elementary school students' scientific attitude.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.