• Annals of dermatology
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.653-661
• /
• 2018

Background: Citron is well known for an abundance of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory ingredients such as vitamin C, polyphenol compounds, flavonoids, and limonoids. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of citron essential oils on rosacea mediators in activated keratinocytes in vitro. Methods: Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were stimulated with $1{\alpha}$, 25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ ($VD_3$) and interleukin 33 (IL-33) with LL-37 to induce rosacea mediators such as kallikrein 5 (KLK5), cathelicidin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). These mediators were analyzed by performing reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR, immunocytofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after NHEKs were treated with citron seed and unripe citron essential oils. Results: The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of KLK5 and LL-37 induced by $VD_3$ were suppressed by citron seed and unripe citron essential oils. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of VEGF and TRPV1 induced by IL-33 with LL-37 were also suppressed by citron essential oils. Conclusion: These results show that citron essential oils have suppressive effects on rosacea mediators in activated epidermal keratinocytes, which indicates that the citron essential oils may be valuable adjuvant therapeutic agents for rosacea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.545-549
• /
• 1998

The influence of refeeding with either vitamin, mineral, fibre of water on protein synthesis and mRNA content in the liver and breast muscle of fasted chicks was investigated. At 15 d of age, chicks were fasted for 2 d and then refed either vitamin, mineral, fibre or water. The fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of protein was measured after 30 min of refeeding by using a large dose injection of L - 2, $6[^3H]$ phenylalanine. In the liver, FSR was reduced by fasting and tended to increase but not significantly by refeeding with vitamin or mineral. FSR was not affected by refeeding with fibre or water. There was no influence of fasting and refeeding on ribosomal capacity (the RNA : protein ratio) and ribosomal efficiency (total protein synthesised per total RNA). The absolute synthesis rate (ASR) of liver protein and hepatic mRNA content were reduced by fasting and unchanged by refeeding. In the muscle, FSR, ASR and mRNA content were significantly decreased by fasting and not recovered by refeeding with either vitamin, mineral, fibre or water. It concluded that vitamin, mineral, fibre and water have little capacity to stimulate liver and muscle protein synthesis reduced by fasting.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.245-262
• /
• 2009

This research was to examine the understandings of elementary school teachers on the phenomena related to light and image, and to survey their perception change related to learning contents of optics. The subjects were selected from the elementary teachers who were enrolled in a graduate course, 'Science education seminar' at an education college located in Chungchungbuk-Do, South Korea. Among the five students who exposed their perceptions clearly in the class, the three of them were selected who agreed to the proposal of the case study. To achieve the purpose of this study, semi-structured interviews following the conception test with the 3 elementary teachers were conducted. During the analysis of the data, additional interviews by phone, e-mail, and internet messenger were conducted if necessary. According to the results, all of the elementary school teachers lacked the scientific conceptions of the phenomena related to light and image. Unfortunately, their learning experiences did not help them to understand the scientific concepts. During the interviews, the teachers recognized the importance of the viewpoints of seeing, image, cognition of light, point light source to understand the phenomena related to light and image.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2010

Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate ($PIP_3$) is a lipid second messenger that employs a wide range of downstream effector proteins for the regulation of cellular processes, including cell survival, polarization and proliferation. One of the most well characterized cytoplasmic targets of $PIP_3$, serine/threonine protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, promotes cell survival by directly interacting with nucleophosmin (NPM)/B23, the nuclear target of $PIP_3$. Here, we report that nuclear $PIP_3$ competes with Akt to preferentially bind B23 in the nucleoplasm. Mutation of Arg23 and Arg25 in the PH domain of Akt prevents binding to $PIP_3$, but does not disrupt the Akt/B23 interaction. However, treatment with phosphatases PTEN or SHIP abrogates the association between Akt and B23, indicating that nuclear $PIP_3$ regulates the Akt/B23 interaction by controlling the concentration and subcellular dynamics of these two proteins.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보과학회 2007년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.34 No.2 (D)
• /
• pp.360-365
• /
• 2007

Jakarta Slide는 아파치 프로젝트 중의 하나로 개발된 WebDAV 서버로서 인터넷 통하여 다양한 콘텐츠의 비동기적인 협업 활동을 지원한다. 하지만 WebDAV 프로토콜은 사용자와 그룹을 위한 작업공간을 명시적으로 지원하지 않기 때문에, Jakarta Slide를 통하여 복잡한 협업을 수행하기는 매우 어렵다. CoSlide는 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 Jakarta Slide를 확장한 협업시스템으로서 다수의 사용자와 그룹을 위한 다양한 작업공간을 제공하여 효과적인 협업 환경을 제공한다. 협업시스템을 통하여 복잡한 협업을 보다 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서는 협업 참여자들 간에 실시간적인 통신이 원활이 이루어져야 할 필요성이 있다. 본 논문은 CoSlide 협업시스템에서 실시간 메시징을 지원하기 위한 CoJBother 메신저 클라이언트의 개발에 대하여 기술한다. 개발된 CoJBother는 협업시스템의 사용자와 그룹을 정의하기 위하여 개발된 Jabber 프로토콜을 사용하며, 또한 이를 지원하기 위하여 개발된 메신저 서버와 함께 동작한다. 사용자는 CoJBother를 통하여 협업시스템의 작업그룹에 참여하는 사용자들을 확인하고 자동적인 그룹채팅 기능을 사용함으로써 그룹 참여자들과 협업 수행을 위한 원활한 의사소통을 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2014

Purpose: Capseal I and Capseal II are calcium silicate and calcium phosphate based experimental root canal sealers. This study sought to evaluate the biocompatibility and mineralization potential of Capseal I and Capseal II. Materials and Methods: The biocompatibility and mineralization related gene expression (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], bone sialoprotein [BSP], and osteocalcin) of Capseal I and Capseal II were compared using methylthiazol tetrazolium assay and reverse transcription-polymerization chain reaction analysis, respectively. The results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Result: Both Capseal I and Capseal II were favorable in terms of biocompatibility, influencing the messenger RNA expression of ALP and BSP. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, Capseal is biocompatible, with mineralization promoting potential; thus, it could be a promising root canal sealer.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2008

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), one of the most important food crops, is susceptible to a number of devastating fungal pathogens in addition to bacterial and other pathogens. Producing disease-resistant cultivars has been an effective and useful strategy to combat the attack of pathogens. Potato was transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 harboring chitinase, (ChiC) isolated from Streptomyces griseus strain HUT 6037 and bialaphos resistance (bar) genes in a binary plasmid vector, pEKH1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that the ChiC and bar genes are integrated into the genome of transgenic plants. Different insertion sites of the transgenes (one to six sites for ChiC and three to seven for bar) were indicated by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from the transgenic plants. Expression of the ChiC gene at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level was confirmed by Northern blot analysis and that of the bar gene by herbicide resistance assay. The results obviously confirmed that the ChiC and bar genes are successfully integrated and expressed into the genome, resulting in the production of bialaphos-resistant transgenic plants. Disease-resistance assay of the in vitro and greenhouse-grown transgenic plants demonstrated enhanced resistance against the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani (causal agent of early blight).

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2022

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid messenger involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and various diseases. Recent studies have shown an association between periodontitis and neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanistic relationship between periodontitis and neuroinflammatory diseases remains unclear. The current study found that lysophosphatidic acid receptors 1 (LPAR1) and 6 (LPAR6) exhibited increased expression in primary microglia and astrocytes. The primary astrocytes were then treated using medium conditioned to mimic periodontitis through addition of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides, and an increased nitric oxide (NO) production was observed. Application of conditioned medium from human periodontal ligament stem cells with or without LPAR1 knockdown showed a decrease in the production of NO and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin 1 beta. These findings may contribute to our understanding of the mechanistic link between periodontitis and neuroinflammatory diseases.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.407-417
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 모바일 메신저 이모티콘의 이용동기가 무엇이며, 이용동기와 구매의도간의 영향관계에서 개인성향(외향성/내향성)은 조절역할을 할 것인지를 알아보고자, 모바일 메신저를 사용하는 10대-60대의 198명의 사용자를 대상으로 설문을 실시하고 이를 분석 하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 모바일 메신저 이모티콘 이용동기 요인은 "유희성 요인", "유용성 요인", "간결성 요인", 그리고 "범용성 요인"으로 나타났다. 둘째, 모바일 메신저 이모티콘 이용동기 중 유희성만이 구매의도에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 모바일 메신저 이모티콘의 사용자의 개인성향중 외향적인 성향이 구매의도에 영향을 미치는데 조절역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.655-663
• /
• 2020

Background: Korean Red Ginseng is known to exhibit immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties. The immune-enhancing effects of the nonsaponin fraction (NSF) of Korean Red Ginseng have been studied in many reports. However, the gastroprotective effect of this fraction is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate the activities of NSF for gastrointestinal protection and its related critical factor. Methods: The in vitro and in vivo regulatory functions of NSF on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) messenger RNA and protein levels were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting analyses. Gastroprotective effects of NSF were investigated by histological score, gastric juice pH, and myeloperoxidase activity on indomethacin-induced, cold stress-induced, and acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastritis and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in in vivo mouse models. Results: NSF did not show cytotoxicity, and it increased COX-1 messenger RNA expression and protein levels in RAW264.7 cells. This upregulation was also observed in colitis and gastritis in vivo models. In addition, NSF treatment in mice ameliorated the symptoms of gastrointestinal inflammation, including histological score, colon length, gastric juice pH, gastric wall thickness, and myeloperoxidase activity. Conclusion: These results suggest that NSF has gastroprotective effects on gastritis and colitis in in vivo mouse models through COX-1 upregulation.