• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.499-504
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• 2019

Head-lice infestation, pediculosis capitis, remains a public-health burden in many countries. The widely used first-line pediculicides and alternative treatments are often too costly for use in poor socio-economic settings. Ivermectin has been considered an alternate treatment for field practice. This study was composed of 2 parts, a cross-sectional survey and an intervention study. The main objectives were to determine the prevalence and potential factors associated with head-lice infestation, and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral ivermectin administration. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 890 villagers in rural areas along Thai-Myanmar border. Females with infestations were eligible for the intervention study, and 181 participated in the intervention study. A post-treatment survey was conducted to assess acceptance of ivermectin as a treatment choice. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and a generalized-estimation-equation model adjusted for cluster effect. The study revealed the prevalence of head-lice infestation was 50% among females and only 3% among males. Age stratification showed a high prevalence among females aged <20 years, and among 50% of female school-children. The prevalence was persistent among those with a history of infestation. The major risk factors were residing in a setting with other infected cases, and sharing a hair comb. The study also confirmed that ivermectin was safe and effective for field-based practice. It was considered a preferable treatment option. In conclusion, behavior-change communication should be implemented to reduce the observed high prevalence of head-lice infestation. Ivermectin may be an alternative choice for head-lice treatment, especially in remote areas.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.521-526
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although a lot of effort has been put into increasing fruit and vegetable intakes in preschool children, vegetable intake in this group is still low. This study investigated whether nutrition education focusing on fruit and vegetable intakes can affect preschoolers' fruit and vegetable intakes as well as their behavioral outcomes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty-five preschoolers (54.3% boys, n = 19) aged 4-6 years residing in Seoul underwent weekly nutrition education intervention (8 sessions) between May and July 2016. Intakes of fruits and vegetables were measured during pre and post-intervention. At snack time, fresh fruit (150 g) and vegetable (120 g) snacks were distributed to each child by teachers. The remaining portions of the snacks were weighed and recorded for each child. Behavioral outcomes were measured by applying Child behavior checklist 1.5-5 and the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. RESULTS: During post intervention, vegetable intake increased from $36.15{\pm}30.64g$ to $48.01{\pm}31.23g$ (P = 0.010). Among the emotional and behavioral problems measured by parents, levels of total problems (P = 0.001), internalizing (P = 0.004), externalizing (P = 0.003), anxiety and depression (P = 0.001), and aggressive behavior (P = 0.005) decreased. Anxiety (P = 0.026) score, as measured by teachers, also decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition education of preschoolers regarding the intakes of fruits and vegetables had a positive effect on preschoolers' vegetable intake as well as on their emotional and behavioral outcomes. A long-term, large-scale study with a broader study design is warranted to further investigate the role of fruit and vegetable intake in cognitive development and behavior of preschoolers.

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2018

Objectives. To compare narrative skills between fourth and fifth grades of Persian-speaking students with hearing impairments and typical hearing students of the same grade and also to evaluate the effects of group, sex, hearing age, and educational grade of the students on their spoken/written narrative performance. Methods. The subjects were 174 students aged 10-13 years, 54 of whom wore cochlear implants, 60 suffered from moderate to severe hearing losses and wore hearing aids, with the remaining 60 students being typical hearing in terms of the sense of hearing. The micro- and macrostructure components of spoken and written narrative were elicited from a pictorial story (The Playful Little Elephant) and then scored by raters. Results. Compared to the typical hearing, the students with hearing impairments had significantly lower scores in all of the microstructure components of narratives. However, the findings showed no significant difference among different groups in macrostructure components of narratives. It was also revealed that the students had equal performance in spoken and written narrative. Finally, factor analysis manifested that group, sex, hearing age, and educational level of children might alter the outcome measures in various interactions. Conclusion. Although cochlear implantation was more effective than hearing aid on spoken and written narrative skills, the Persian-speaking students with hearing impairments were seen to need additional trainings on microstructure components of spoken/written narrative.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2022

Objectives: Suicide is the leading cause of death among adolescents in South Korea, and depression and personality profiles have been identified as significant risk factors for self-injurious behavior. This study examined the influence of depressive mood and temperament/character on self-injury in adolescents. Methods: A total of 116 adolescents (aged 12-18 years) with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and their parents were enrolled in this study. The participants were divided into three groups based on adolescent's self-injury frequency, and their Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Youth Self-Report (YSR), and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores were compared. Finally, mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between suicidal ideation and self-injury. Results: Of study participants, 75.9% answered that they had suicidal ideation, and 55.2% answered that they had engaged in self-injurious behavior in the last six months. There were significant differences in CDI and suicidal ideation among the groups. After adjusting for age and sex, mediation analysis indicated that depressive mood mediated the relationship between suicidal ideation and self-injury. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating and managing depressive mood severity in adolescents with MDD as these factors partially mediate the transition from suicidal ideation to self-injury.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 국어교과서의 지시문과 지시문에 포함된 의문사를 조사하는 것이다. 초등학교 2, 4, 6학년 1학기 국어교과서를 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 Microsoft Office Excel에 모든 지시문을 입력한 후 의문사가 포함된 지시문을 구분하였다. 지시문 분석에는 (주)낱말의 분석프로그램을 사용하였고, 의문사와 질문 유형 분석을 위해서는 선행 연구의 기준을 참고하였다. 연구 결과 2, 4, 6학년 국어교과서의 지시문에는 명사, 동사가 많이 포함되었고, 평균 6.9 어절의 문장으로 구성되었다. 지시문에 포함된 의문사 유형으로는 11가지 유형의 의문사가 분석되었다. 모든 학년에서 '무엇, 어떤, 어떻게' 의문사가 가장 많이 나타났다. 질문 유형은 모든 학년에서 사실적 질문보다 추론적 질문이 많았다. 본 연구는 문어가 중심이 되는 학령기 아동의 언어 중재 특히 의문사 중재 목표와 관련한 기초자료를 제공하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2023

Objectives: This study investigated whether the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) can differentiate between two groups of adolescents, one diagnosed with internalizing disorders and another with externalizing disorders, and examined the clinical utility of the MMPI-A-RF by examining which subscales can significantly discriminate between these two groups. Methods: A total of 105 adolescents aged 13-18 years completed the MMPI-A-RF (53 internalizing disorder and 52 externalizing disorder groups). Independent t-test, chi-square test (χ²), and discriminant analysis were used to examine whether MMPI-A-RF can distinguish between the two groups. Results: Sixteen MMPI-A-RF scales best predicted differences between the groups with internalizing and externalizing disorders. Fourteen scales (Higher-Order Scale [Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction], Restructured Clinical [RC] Scale [RC demoralization, Somatic Complaints (RC1), and Low Positive Emotions (RC2)], Personality Psychopathology Five Scale [Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality-Revised, Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism-Revised], Somatic/Cognitive Scale [Malaise, Head Pain Complaints, and Gastrointestinal Complaints], Internalizing Scale [Stress/Worry, Self-Doubt], Externalizing Scale [Negative School Attitudes], Interpersonal Scale [Social Avoidance, Shyness]) were associated with the internalizing disorder group, whereas two scales (Externalizing Scale [Conduct Problems, Negative Peer Influence]) were associated with the externalizing disorder group. Conclusion: The MMPI-A-RF can be an efficient assessment tool for a quick diagnosis as it can classify individuals with internalizing and externalizing disorders in clinical settings that lack a variety of assessment tools for children and adolescents.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a child abuse prevention education program for parents. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate the impact of child abuse prevention education on parents' response to positive emotion, parenting stress, and potential for child abuse. Methods: A randomized controlled pretest posttest design was used. A total of 60 participants, who were parents with children aged 1~5 and attending 8 nurseries and kindergartens located in Daegu, were recruited. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). The collected data were analyzed by an independent t-test, paired t-test, and χ²-test along with descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. Child abuse prevention education for the experimental group included four modules on child rights, understanding child abuse, proper child discipline, and positive parenting attitudes. Results: The experimental group showed a significant difference in positive rumination from the control group (t=2.15, p=.036). The experimental group reported a significant difference in dampening from the control group (t=-2.49, p=.016). Additionally, the experimental group reported a significant difference in parenting stress from the control group (t=-2.12, p=.038) and also reported significant differences in child abuse potential from the control group (t=-2.26, p=.028). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that child abuse prevention education for parents can improve positive rumination, reduce dampening, and reduce parenting stress and child abuse potential. Therefore, this study is useful in demonstrating how parental susceptibility to child abuse can be decreased. Future studies should pursue long-term programs and counseling programs.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.670-686
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• 2010

This study aims at clarifying the action types of skin management which is base on age, marriage or not, family composition, school career, and income which are demographic variables centering around the lifestyle of middleaged and old age women. As for study method, this researcher executed literature study and questionnaire on adult women over 45 years old who dwell in Seoul and Kyounggi area. Survey period was Mar. 1, 2009 to Jun. 30. And, after distributing 1,000 copies of questionnaire, this researcher used effective 869 copies of questionnaire for analysis out of collected questionnaire, 895 copies. As for analysis method, this researcher executed DUNCAN test with factor analysis, reliability analysis, manin component analysis, K-average, multitude analysis, dispersion analysis and post verification by using SPSS 12.0 program. As for demographic feature for middle aged and old age women, 50~59 years old women were most by age as 302 persons(33.7%). It is emerging that spouse existence is very high as 674 persons(75.3%) in the answer for marriage or not, couple family to live with unmarried children is very high as 483 persons(54.0%) in the answer for family composition, leaving high school in mid-course or gradation of high school are very high as 356 persons(39.8%) in the answer for school career, income from 3 million Won under 4 million won is very high as 260 persons(29.1%) in the answer for monthly income of family members, and women to use under 50 thousand won is very high as 510 persons(57.0%) in the monthly average expense to be used for skin management. In this study, this researcher extracted total 5 factors (economic saving, displaying consumption, confidence inclination, centering around family, and leisure application) by executing factor analysis with 12 question items of lifestyle so as to grasp factor structure of lifestyle of middleaged and old age people, and whole explanatory variable quantity was 70.9%. This researcher named as economic saving type, diplaying consumption style, and type centering around leisure and family, after making multitude analysis about 5 factors analyzed by measuring lifestyle feature. As the result of structure analysis of question items of skin management(pursuit of skin management, life of skin management, and inclination of skin management), this researcher extracted total 3 factors, and whole explanatory variable quantity was 71.30%. Thus, it emerged that there is significant difference among groups.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.617-622
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• 2006

목 적 : 소아기의 비만은 성인기의 비만여부와 상관없이 대사증후군과 심근경색증의 유병률을 높이는 것으로 알려져 있으며 또한, 직접적인 원인으로 작용할 수 있다고 보고되었다. 그리고, hs-CRP은 장래의 심근경색을 예측할 수 있는 인자이며 특히 비만시에 유의하게 증가되는 것으로 보여 성인에서는 임상적으로 유용하게 쓰이기 시작하였으나, 소아에서의 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 저자는 소아 비만에서의 hs-CRP의 증가에 대해 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 14세의 소년들을 28명의 비만아군(BMI $29.61{\pm}3.29kg/m^2$)과 93명의 대조군(BMI $18.99{\pm}2.21kg/m^2$)으로 선정하여 연구를 시행하였다. 혈중 CRP 농도는 the high sensitive latex turbidimetric immunoassay를 사용하여 측정하였으며 급성 감염의 영향을 배제하기 위해 측정값이 0.3 mg/dL 미만인 경우만을 실험대상으로 채택하였다. 비만아군과 대조군에 대해서 각각의 hs-CRP의 분포를 알아보았으며 hs-CRP와 BMI, 혈압, 혈중 지질 농도의 연관성에 대해 분석하였다. 결 과 : hs-CRP 농도는 비만아군이 대조군에 비해 통계학적으로 유의하게 높은 측정값을 보였다($0.104{\pm}0.075$ vs. $0.054{\pm}0.005mg/dL$). 비만아군은 대조군에 비해 BMI, 수축기혈압, 이완기혈압, apolipoprotein B, 죽종형성지수와 triglyceride에서 높은 결과치를 나타내었다. 단순회귀분석상에서 hs-CRP는 BMI, 이완기혈압, apolipoprotein E, 죽종형성지수, TG와 통계학적으로 유의한 연관성을 나타내었으나, 다중회귀분석상에서는 BMI와 apolipoprotein E만이 강력한 연관성을 보여주었다. 결 론 : 비만아군은 대조군에 비해 혈중 hs-CRP가 높게 나타났으며 더불어 혈압의 상승과 지질대사이상을 동반하는 경향이 증가함을 보여주었다. 그리고, hs-CRP는 BMI와 apolipoprotein E와 강력한 연관성을 나타내었다. 이 결과들은 비만과 관련된 대사증후군이 소아시기에 이미 시작될 수 있음을 시사하는 것으로 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.664-670
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• 2001

경북 문경시 소재 3개 초등학교 아동을 대상으로 3년간 (1996∼1998년) 비만 이환율을 조사하고, 일부 비만아의 혈중 지질치를 조사하여, 이로부터 비만정도와 심혈관계질환 발병 위험성간의 상관성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다 1) 비만이환율의 연도별 변화는 1996년 7.1%에서 1998년 9.5%로 증가하는 추세였고, 여아보다 남아의 이환율이 높았다. 비만아의 비만도별 분포는 1996년 경도비만 69. 16%, 중등도비만 20.3%, 고도비만 10.1%였으며, 1997년 에는 각각 65.2%, 24.6% 및 10.2%. 1998년에는 54.2%. 32.2% 및 13.6%로 경도비만아는 점차 감소하고 중등도 및 고도비만아는 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 2) 비만이행 추이에 있어서 고도비만아의 수는 3년간 별 변화가 없었으나, 중등도비만아의 수는 1996년보다 1997년에 9명(남 6명, 여 3명). 1998년에 10명(남 7명. 여 3명)증가한 반면. 경도비만아의 수는 1997년에 14명(남 9명 여 5명), 1998년에 12명(남 7명 여 5명) 감소하였다. 3) 비만도별 체지방을, 혈압 및 혈중 지질농도를 보면 비만도가 높아짐에 따라 체지방율은 유의적으로 증가하였으며 혈중 지질 중에서는 중성지방이 비만도 증가에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였고, 혈압, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-C 및 동맥경화지수는 유의성은 없었으나 증가경향을 HDL-C은 감소경향을 보였다. 4) 비만아의 혈압 및 혈중 지질수준의 분포를 보면 총콜레스테롤의 경우, 200mg/dl이상인 아동이 28.3%, LDL-콜레스테롤은 130mg/dl 이상이 18.5%. atherogenic in-dex 3.0이상인 아동이 15.0%나되는 것으로 나타났다. 5) 비만도별로 두가지 이상의 심혈관계질환 위험인자를 가지고 있는 아동이, 남아의 경우, 경도비만아의 16.3% 중 2등도비만아의 19.0%, 고도비만아의 26.4% 여아의 경우 각각 11.1% 35.0% 및 47.5%인 것으로 나타났으며. 비만도와 심혈관계질환 위험인자 수간의 상관성은 여아에 있어 서 유의 적인 것으로 나타났다(r = 0.331, p = 0.001).