• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.101-114
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• 2024

Currently, in Korea, the number of handicapped children receiving inclusive education in general schools is expanding. In the inclusive education field, the most important tasks are personal needs support, such as toilet assistance, meal assitance, and support for wearing and taking off various assistive devices. A significant portion of the support work in the actual education field is related to clothing. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop universal fashion designs for handicapped children at school where inclusive education is implemented. To achieve this aim, this study analyzed the concepts, principles and, characteristics of universal fashion design through theoretical research and established research principles. In this study, two fact-finding surveys were conducted. Next, a total of 10 universal fashion designs were proposed considering both the preceding survey results and the principles of universal fashion design Among them, the four designs that were considered most suitable were selected for universal fashion design through F.G.I (Focus Group Interview) analysis conducted by experts. The four selected designs were made by referring to the size framework based on the '6th Human Body Size Survey Report of Korea'. The completed experimental clothes were proposed as the final universal fashion design for handicapped children by conducting external evaluation through a virtual clothing system and real clothes.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.36-49
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• 1973

This study was carried out for the objectives to collect the basic informations on the health behaviors of the elementary school children in an urban area in Korea. Seven hundred students were drawn to fill in the designed questionnaire which carries variety of Questions on health re-lated behaviors in general, eating habits, disease history, mental health, and sex education. Questionnaire were filled in by their parents. Major findings are as follows: ① 55.7% had habits of washing the hands before eating whereas 59.8% trashing their hands after toilet. The others had no idea of washing hands before eating and after toilet. ② 26,5% had habits of brushing the teeth twice a day 54.7% only once in the morning, and 2.6% once only in the evening. Thus, the idea of prevention from decayed teeth seems to be lacking among the school children. ③ Bathing habits were also inquired to get 40.3% of bathing more than once a week, 43.1% once every two weeks, and the rest of 16.6% once every one to three months. ④ 41.7% keep the regular bedding time whereas 58.3% irregular. Physical exercises were con-ducted by 76.6% on the ground while 23.5% did not practice any physical exercises at all. Of those physical exercises, rope skipping occupied 37.5%, and the other 66.9% consisted of 14 different kinds of individual type physical exercises such as gymnastic exercise. The main reasons for not enjoying exercises were different by sex; boys largely complained the inadequacy and lack of gymnastic facilities and girls felt in short of friends who could join the exercises. ⑤ 31.9% of the school children had been taking not much of food while 28.3% had unbalanced diets. Of these unbalanced diets, meat occupied 33.2% to be the priority to have an order of the following items such as vegetables, bread or noodle, and fishes as next to each. For eating habits, 88.5% take simple snack such as bread (38.4%, cookies, fruits, and candies in order. 25.8% of the children were provided such snacks or their parents regularly. Breakfast was sufficiently taken by 45.0% whereas 8.4% had never sufficiently. As to the lunch, 63.6% had sufficiently while 16.8% insufficiently. 70.6% take breakfast with all family members together and 30.4% separately. Correlation of sufficient taking of breakfast and eating together of tile family member's seems to be significant when we compare 72.5% of sufficient takers who enjoy breakfast together with the family members with 55.6% of insufficient takers who enjoy it with the family. This finding allows the investigator to point out the importance of table circumstances for children's eating. ⑥ The most common disease was catching a cold (38.8%), and the second was stomach trouble to be followed by the frequency of car sickness, headache, and skin infection. Doctors are consulted only by 23.9% when they are sick whereas 59.7% resorted to the drug stores. The lower the educational attainment of the parents, the lower the rate of visiting clinics. ⑦ 36.7% of their parents pointed out the problems of personality guidance as the most difficult thing at home 71.3% of their parents worried about and unsatisfied with their children's personality traits. Of these complains of the parents, impatience stood at the top to be tabulated at 24.1%, and 21.1% indicated narrow-mindedness. In line with this primary socialization at home, the most crucial problem seems to be related with the lack or recognition of the parents'own role when we find only 43.1% of the parents understood the importance of their own role for the home education of children; the latter group attributed tile responsibility of personality formation to the children themselves. ⑧ As to the sex educational aspects, 30.9% of children have ever asked about the physiology of reproduction or sexual matters to their parents, of those parents only 17.0% could give the constructive responses to the inquiries of the children. In companies on with these data, 25.6% recognized their own role in sex education for their own children while the large segments of the parents (51.1%) attributed the responsibility of sex education to tile low level of 38.3% who recognized the importance of sex education in the school curriculum and 25.1% of the parents insisted to wait until they get to know naturally about sex. 38.1% of the parents said they had some knowledge on sex from books while 16.9% through mass media. The next groups had common senses of sex from their own parents, school friends and other sources.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2497-2504
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• 2013

본 연구는 1975년 서울시 교육위원회에서 발간한 '학교시설 표준설계도'가 중학교 대상 표준도의 초기 사례임에 주목하여 그 계획특성을 살펴보았다. 연구결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫 째, 평면계획에서는 편복도형 블록플랜이 전형적으로 적용된 가운데 유형별로 복도를 없앤 평면형, 일조조건 개선을 위한 $9.9{\times}6.6m$ 교실 모듈, 수납공간의 적극적 계획 등의 변화도 보인다. 둘 째, 일체의 의장이 배제된, 채광면적의 확보를 우선으로 하는 기능적인 입면계획이 적용되었다. 셋 째, 층고, 천정고, 창틀의 설치 위치 등에서 규준화된 단면 치수들이 적용되었으며 노출 천정 구조, 단열구조의 미비, 초기 유형의 목재 바닥틀 혼용 등과 같은 철근 콘크리트조 교사의 과도기적 특성이 보인다. 넷 째, 체육관 계획에서는 다양한 입면구성과 매스의 조형적 처리로 교사동과 대비되는, 학교건축의 상징성을 표출하고자 하는 의도가 나타난다. 다섯 째, 교사동과 이격 배치를 전제로 하는 화장실과 관리실 등의 별동형 계획에서도 동시대 학교건축으로 전환해 가는 과도기적 특성을 발견할 수 있다. 이와 같은 특성들은 표준도에 의한 과거 학교건축의 전형을 보여주면서도 동시에 당시 학교건축에서 요구되는 조건들에 대한 대응 방식과 변화 과정을 파악할 수 있게 한다. 이는 '75년 서울시 표준도'가 가지는 교육시설사 연구 사료로서의 주요한 가치라고 할 수 있다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2022

본 연구는 2019년 제15차 청소년건강행태조사자료를 이용하여 청소년에서 학교에서의 손씻기 미실천율과 관련요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 학교에서의 손씻기 실천은 성별, 도시 규모, 학년, 학교 유형, 학업 성적, 경제적 상태, 집에서의 손씻기 실천, 연간 개인위생교육 경험과 유의미한 관련성을 보였다. 청소년의 학교 내 손씻기 실천율을 높이기 위해서는 손씻기 실천 관련요인들을 고려한 지속적인 개인위생교육과 함께 손씻기를 용이하게 하는 적절한 환경과 문화 조성이 필요하다.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.29-46
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of the bedroom environment of nursing homes for the elderly in Korea. Field case research was performed using a structured checklist and measurements, from Oct. 28th to Dec. 2nd, 2006. Collected data were analyzed for cognitive efficiency, privacy, safety, supportiveness and amenity. Based on nursing homes for the elderly nationwide (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2006), we choose 43 facilities in which Seoul and six megalopolis areas that had answered our questionnaire in 2006. We then narrowed the list to 14 facilities, balanced them in terms of regional population. The contents of investigation consisted of eight categories: that general characteristics of the bedrooms (including number of residents per room, using a bed or floor mat, the size and shape of the chamber, space for wheelchair turning, signage), door of bedroom (including door, doorknob, door sill/level difference), windows in the bedroom(including type of window, window sill height, window treatment, window safety device/shape, view/daylight), furniture (including personal furniture and lock), finishes (material, character and color of wall, floor, ceiling), lighting (including types of lighting, night lighting, switch), bathroom in the bedroom (including signage, door size/type, doorknob shape, height of the washbowl, size of toilet bowl, handrail, finishes), and other facilities (including outlet and handrails).

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.23-44
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to investigate the accomodations for the disabled children of the elementary schools in Suwon and to give helpful information to the parents and teachers for the improvement of the independence of disabled children at school. We measured the ramps, toilets, doorways and other accomodations in 64 elementary schools according to the checklists. The checklists of these facilities were based on the legal requirements of "The Act for the Benefit of the Disabled, Elderly and Pregnant Women". The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and the ${\chi}^2$ test. None of the investigated schools satisfied all the legal requirements of the facilities. Fifteen elementary schools had adequate accomodations for the disabled children which allowed them to move independently from the entrance of the school to their classrooms located on the first floor. Only eight of fifteen schools had elevators to access their classrooms upstairs. The schools were divided into two groups according to their construction dates; before and after April 11th 1998, when "The Act for the Benefit of the Disabled, Elderly and Pregnant Women" took effect. There were statistically significant differences in the number of toilets, the width of the toilet entrance, and the slope of the ramps between the two groups (p<.05). We suggest that the accomodations for the disabled children need to be established on a systematic and on-going basis in the future. The teachers and administrators should be more aware of the legal requirements for appropriate accomodations for the disabled children.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-78
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• 1998

일부농촌지역 노인들의 일상생활 동작능력(Activities of Daily Living : ADL)장애의 자연사와 ADL지하에 영향을 미치는 요인을 검토하기 이해 1993년 경상북도 경주시 강동면 13개리에 거주하고 있는 60세이상 재택고령자 621명의 사전조사된 자료를 기본으로 4년간의 추적조사를 시행하여 사망자 90과 조사불능군 56명을 제외한 475명을 대상자로 선정하였으며 목욕, 옷입기, 화장실이용, 일어서기, 식사하기, 실금의 일상생활 동작능력을 조사하였다. 2) 4년간의 추적조사에서는 고ADL의 82.1%가 고ADL을 유지하였고, 저ADL의 77.8%가 4년내에 사망하였다. 3) 4년간의 ADL항목별 가능군의 장애 발생율은 목욕이 가장 많았고, 실금, 옷입기, 화장실이용, 일어서기, 식사하기의 순서로 나타났으며, 제1회 조사시 고 ADL군의 6.7%(여자의 8.1%, 남자의 4.6%)에서 4년후 장애가 발생했다. 4) ADL저하에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위한 일반적 특성에 따른 ADL의 변화에서는 연령과 직업에 있어 유의한 차이를 보여 노화가 될수록, 현재 직업이 없는 노인일수록 ADL감소율이 높게 나타났고, 형태에 따른 ADL의 변화에서는 남자노인의 생활비 부담과 주관식 건강상태에서 유의한 차이를 보여 남자노인은 자녀가 배우자에 의존할수록, 주관적 건강상태에서는 건강하지 않다고 느낄수록 ADL저하율이 높았다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.185-203
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• 2009

한국의 유한양행과 미국 Kimberly-Clark사의 합작회사인 유한킴벌리는 1993년 풀업스 완전 팬티형 기저귀 제품을 출시하여 팬츠형 기저귀를 통한 프리미엄 시장을 개척하게 된다. 그러나 Kimberly-Clark사의 완제품을 수입한 팬츠형 기저귀 풀업스는 미국에서 높은 시장 점유율을 가진 제품임에도 불구하고 국내 소비자들의 기저귀 사용문화에 맞지 않는 포지셔닝으로 인해 한국에서 현지화에 실패한다. 그 후 유한킴벌리는 1996년에 팬츠형 기저귀 하기스 토틀러를 다시 시장에 선보이게 된다. 이는 Kimberly-Clark사의 제품력과 유한킴벌리의 마케팅능력이 결합하여 풀업스보다 뛰어난 신제품을 출시하는 계기가 된다. 그러나 이 또한 배변 연습에 대한 문화/환경/태도/습관차이 등과 같은 국내 소비자들의 라이프스타일에 맞지 않는 포지셔닝과 IMF 위기로 인한 수입원가 급등, 회사 내부에서의 신뢰도 미약, 20%대로 낮았던 시장 취급율, 기존 일반 기저귀보다 월등히 높았던 가격 등의 이유로 인하여 다시 시장에서 실패하게 된다. 2005년 유한킴벌리는 New Pants 사업전략을 다시 수립하기로 한다. 그것은 Winning Product 의 개발, Winning Communication 전략, 팬티시장 창출을 통한 시장구조 변화의 세 가지가 유기적으로 결합한 형태였다. 총 55회의 시장조사를 통해 소비자 Habit & Practice와 Usage & Attitude 를 조사하였으며 제품사용조사, 포지셔닝 조사, 광고조사를 실시하여 제품설계에서 디자인까지의 전 과정을 소비자의 관점에서 바라보고 기획하였다. 유한킴벌리는 출시될 신제품을 배변연습 기저귀가 아닌, 입히는 기저귀로 리포지셔닝하고, 기존 하기스 대비 25% 비싼 프리미엄 제품으로 <하기스 매직팬티>를 출시한다. 하기스 매직팬티는 국내 기저귀 시장에서 대히트상품으로 인식되며 2005년 출시 이후 2006년 376억, 2007년 572억, 2008년 900억의 매출액을 기록하였다. 이처럼 하기스 매직팬티가 성공할 수 있었던 이유는 고객의 사용특성을 정확히 파악해서 도출된 리포지셔닝 전략 덕분이었다. 국내외 많은 기업들이 치열하게 각축전을 펼치고 있는 유아용품 시장에서 살아남기 위해 진행했던 철저한 시장조사와, 그 시장조사를 바탕으로 한 명확한 포지셔닝, 그리고 그것이 효과적으로 고객의 마음속에 포지셔닝 될 수 있도록 만들어준 유한킴벌리의 공격적인 360도 커뮤니케이션 전략이 하기스 매직팬티의 성공전략이었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary and lifestyle factors related to bowel pattern of female high school and college students in Gyeonggi Province. The total of 202 self-administered questionnaires (high school students 77 ; college students 125) were analyzed. All respondents were devided into four groups based on their self-reported pattern of defecation: 18 subjects ($9.0\%$) comprised the normal group, 73 ($36.1\%$) the constipation group, 73 ($36.1\%$) the constipation/diarrhea group, and 38 ($18.8\%$) the diarrhea group. Regularity of exercise was significantly higher in the college students than high school students, and times spending on a chair were longer in the high school students than college students. Most students ($72.7\%$) reported that they had stress. Fourty point six percent of the subjects reported that they had 3 meals per day, which tended to be higher in the normal and diarrhea group than constipation and constipation/ diarrhea group. Most students (69.7) skipped breakfast which was lower in the normal group than the other groups. The most preferred dietary fiber food was korean cabbage kimchi. Fifty-eight point four percent of the subjects reported that they had irregular bowel movement. Bowel movement was more irregular in the high school students than college students, and in the constipation group than the other groups. Of the subjects, $77.7\%$ had defecation frequency between three per week and three per day. Those who spent within 10 minutes for defecation were $79.6\%$, and those had difficulty in evacuating were $76.0\%$. High school students and those with constipation and constipation/diarrhea had a significantly lower defecation frequency, longer time spent at the toilet, and greater difficulty in evacuating than college students and normal and diarrhea group. The percentage of those who had feelings of residue in the intestine after defecation was $92.5\%$, and it was greater in the constipation or diarrhea group than in the normal group. Most students ($93.5\%$) reported that they had abdominal pain or discomfort. These results suggest that decreasing times spending on a chair, decreasing stress, keeping 3 meal per day at regular hours, and increasing dietary fiber intake are associated with desirable bowel pattern.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.1048-1052
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• 2009

증식성 기관지염(plastic bronchitis)은 드문 질환으로 일반적인 점액전에 비해 크고 접착력이 있는 가지모양의 점액성 기관지 주형(cast)을 반복적으로 형성한다. 이 주형은 크기가 다양하여 자연적으로 배출되기도 하나 제거를 위해 기관지경이 필요하기도 한다. 따라서 증식성 기관지염에서 큰 기도의 폐쇄가 발생하면 생명을 위협할 수 있다. 호산구성 주형을 가진 보고된 환자 22명 중 3명이 중심 기도 폐쇄로 인해 사망에 이르렀다. 본 저자들은 아토피나 알레르기, 선천성 심장병의 병력이 없는 건강했던 소아에서 호산구성 증식성 기관지염을 진단하여 보고한다. 항생제와 스테로이드의 정주와 물리 치료를 포함한 적극적인 폐 청소와 주기적인 주형의 기관지경 제거를 시행하였으나 저산소성 뇌 손상에 이어 뇌사에 이르렀다. 본 증례와 같이 증식성 기관지염이 중심 기도를 막았을 때 생명을 위협할 수 있다. 따라서 증식성 기관지염의 증상이나 징후가 보일 경우 조기 치료가 필요하리라 생각된다.