• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 2008

The aqueous extract of Schisandra chinensis, Evodia rutaecarpa and meal (SEM-Ex) has been traditionally used in the Oriental countries as an astringent. However, little is known about the effects of aqueous extract of SEM-Ex on dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SEM-Ex on DSS-induced colitis in mice. An experimental colitis was induced by daily treatment with 5% DSS. SEM-Ex was orally administered from day 2 of DSS treatment in the different dose (10-50 mg/kg body weight). SEM-Ex reduced significantly clinical sign of DSS-induced colitis, including body weight loss, shorten colon length, increased disease activity index (DAI), and histological colon injury. Moreover, SEM-Ex suppressed significantly not only the serum haptoglobin levels and the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), but also the colon tissue expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in DSS-induced mice. In contrast, SEM-Ex increased significantly the colon tissue expression levels of granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) well known as anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results suggest that SEM-Ex administration could reduce significantly the clinical signs and regulate of chemokine and anti-inflammatory cytokine in DSS-induced model mice. Therefore, these properties may contribute to the strong anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) response effect of SEM-Ex.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.787-793
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• 2008

A major polyphenolic compound extracted from omija (Schisandra chinensis) fruit was structurally identified, and its composition of major nutrients was investigated as well in this study. A dominating high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peak of water-extracted anthocyanin represented 94.1% of total absorbable compounds at 520 nm, which was further identified with HPLC-mass spectrometry (MS). As a result, mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of the predominant anthocyanin was determined to be 727, and it was identical to molecular mass of cyanidin-3-xylosylrutinoside (Cya-3-O-xylrut). This is the first report that colorant of omija is predominantly composed of Cya-3-O-xylrut. Omija fruit contained exclusively 3 types of monosaccharide such as glucosc (0.68 g), galactose (0.01 g), and fructose (0.52 g) per 100 g of fruits. Several organic acids, citric (3.29 g), malic (1.4 g), acetic (0.4 g), and succinic acids (0.36 g) per 100 g of fruits, were detected by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) analysis. During the compositional analysis of tree amino acid by HPLC, it was noticed that omija fruit contained substantial amount (0.01 g/100 g of fruits) of $\gamma$-amino butyric acid (GABA).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.396-404
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to determine current consumer awareness of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Bailon) fruit in order to develop ready-to-drink (RTD) Omija-flavored beverages using qualitative consumer analysis. A series of four different focus group interview sessions were conducted using carefully chosen consumers with specific demographics, and each group involved eight respondents. Consumer's qualitative reactions regarding Omija fruit, Omija extract products, ready-to-drink beverages and Omija-flavored RTD beverages were explored. Distinct differences in consumer awareness and consumption patterns of Omija extract and RTD beverages were observed between consumers in their 20s and consumers in their 30s to 50s. The expected sensory characteristics of Omija-flavored RTD beverages were also different based on participants' age. Findings from the current study can aid product developers utilizing Omija fruit by providing valuable insights into current consumer behavior and consumer awareness regarding Omija.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.136-137
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• 2011

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.173-176
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• 1989

This study was carried out to comparison of the contents of general and mineral components between the original sample and water extract in each part of omija. The content of Carbohydrate was highest in endocarps, and that the crude protein and crude lipid in seeds. The contents of K and Mn in the fruits, endocarps, and seeds were all higher than those of the other cations. The content of K and Zn in endocarps were three to four times as much as those of seeds. and the content of Na, Ca, and Cu in endocarps were 1.5 to 1.75 times of seeds. Mineral contents by water extract in each part were ordered as K, Mg, Ca, and Fe. As the percentage of each ion in water extract on the basis of original sample, Fe was the highest ratio of behavior, and Mn was lowest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.181-184
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• 1989

The compositions of total and free amino acids in parts of Omija were investigated. The most abundant amino acids in fruits, endocarps, and seeds were arginine (50.80%), lysine (14.37%), glutamic acid (14.22%), respectively. Since the amino acid scores of fruits, endocarps, and seeds were 9.4, 11.9, and 16.7, respectively, the limiting amino acid of each part were S-compound amino acids. In the composition of free amino acids, contents of lysine were highest one such as 51.78, 57.00 and 32.88% in fruits, endocarps and seeds, respectively. The contents of histidine from free amino acids were 23.62% in fruits, 22.37% in endocarps, and 26.41% in seeds.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.252-253
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• 2010

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.107-108
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• 2012

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.178-182
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• 1973

Omija (Schizandra chinmensis Baillon) grown widely in Korea has been used as a traditional drink and as an ingredient in herbal medicine. A determination of the proximate composition, organic acids and major anthocyanins in Omija was made. 1. The proximate composition of Omija showed water to be 84.2%, protein to be 1.1%, fats to be 0.9%, reducing sugars to be 10.9% and total anthocyanins to be 0.2% in terms of weight percent of fresh, ripe Omija 2. Gas chromatography showed citric acid(3.5%), malic acid(1.4%) and succinic acid(0.2%) to be the major organic acids of the fruit. 3. The anthocyanins, the major pigments present in Omija were separated and isolated into 3 fractions using column chromatograph on insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone. The main anthocyanin was tentatively identified as peonodin 3-glucoside on the basis of its absorptive properties before and after treatments with acid and $AlCl_3$ in the UV and visible ranges.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2009

The present study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of extracts from approximately 40 different traditional Korean medicinal herbs against S. gallinarum and S. epidermidis. The extracts from Schizandra chinensis Baill., Melia azedarach Linn$\acute{e}$, Caesalpinia sappan Linn$\acute{e}$. and Rhus javanica Linn$\acute{e}$. exhibited high antimicrobial activities against S. gallinarum, whereas the extracts from Melia azedarach Linn$\acute{e}$ and Rhus javanica Linn$\acute{e}$. exhibited high antimicrobial growth for S. epidermidis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Melia azedarach Linn$\acute{e}$, Caesalpinia sappan Linn$\acute{e}$. and Rhus javanica Linn$\acute{e}$. for S. gallinarum were 1.2 mg/mL, whereas MIC of exracts from Rhus javanica Linn$\acute{e}$. extract for S. epidermidis were 0.6 mg/mL. Heat treatment of the extracts from Schizandra chinensis Baill. and Rhus javanica Linn$\acute{e}$. caused a significant reduction in antimicrobial activities against S. gallinarum. but didn't affect antimicrobial activities against S. edidermidis. Alkaline treatment of the extracts from Schizandra chinensis Baill. caused a significant reduction in antimicrobial activities against S. gallinarum, while similar treatment of the extracts from Rhus javanica Linn$\acute{e}$. caused a significant increase in antimicrobial activities against S. edidermidis. Since extracts from Rhus javanica Linn$\acute{e}$. and Caesalpinia sappan Linn$\acute{e}$. exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities, these extracts at the concentrations of 100, 300 or 500 ppm were added and then bacterial growth-inhibiting activities for S. gallinarum and S. epidermidis by these two extracts were further examined. Optical density at 620 nm ($OD_{620}$) after 24 hours incubation in the absence of Rhus javanica Linn$\acute{e}$. extract ranged from 0.30 to 0.45 compared with $OD_{620}$ value ranging from 0.06 to 0.18 in the presence of 100, 300 or 500 ppm of the extract, indicating that growth of all bacteria was significantly inhibited within 24 hours by the addition of at least 100 ppm of Rhus javanica Linn$\acute{e}$ extract. Value of $OD_{620}$ after 24 hours incubation in the absence of Caesalpinia sappan Linn$\acute{e}$. extract ranged from 0.30 to 0.55 compared with $OD_{620}$ value ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 in the presence of 300 or 500 ppm of the extract, indicating that growth of all bacteria was also significantly inhibited within 24 hours by the addition of at least 300 ppm of Caesalpinia sappan Linn$\acute{e}$. extract. In conclusion, these findings suggest that extracts from Rhus javanica Linn$\acute{e}$. and Caesalpinia sappan Linn$\acute{e}$. may play important roles in antimicrobial activities against S. gallinarum and S. epidermidis.