• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1 s.108
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• pp.58-70
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• 2005

Management practices and ordinances for urban scenic view protection are varied by cities because they have their distinctive nature and social environment. Therefore landscape management methods for urban scenic views are generally varied by the characteristics of city landscape and ordinance. This case study for scenic view protection practices in U.S.A. is very meaningful and appropriate because cities initiate a plan and/or an ordinance to manage urban scenic view in Korea. Urban scenic view protection methods were analyzed based on followings: 1) how to select scenic view resources and define spatial areas for preserving them, 2) how to control building height, open view corridor and guide landscaping and 3) how to carry out view protection methods and organize them in laws or ordinances. Findings of this study will be applied usefully in the development of urban scenic view protection methods in Korea.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2006

To preserve scenic-view of Gwanak Mountain from the urban development, the viewshed component ratio and the scenic-view preference are investigated and analyzed by selecting view points at Nangokro. After 16 candidate view points are selected from the site, sight component ratio is measured through visual structure analysis and preference are measured by using the Likert scale. In addition, factor analysis, and regression analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between influencing factors and preference. As a result of the regression analysis of the 9 factors to influence the scenic-view preference, two factors such as degree of natural landscape and degree of arrangement around the site are chosen to influence the scenic-view preference. Through the preference factor analysis, two preference factors are selected as follows; 1) The factor of the landscape formation - Existence and nonexistence of the scenic-view conservation, degree of the landscape opening, and degree of natural landscape, degree of the landscape originality, and degree of the landscape sequence, degree of the landscape intimacy 2) The factor surrounding the landscape - Degree of arrangement around the site, degree of the landscape complexity, and atmosphere around the site.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.107-114
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• 2007

This study purposed to review the alternative criteria for preserving urban scenic view and establishing its management methods by selecting preliminary viewpoints to preserve the views of woomyeon mountain. The contents of this research consists of the representative urban scenic view by analyzing its viewpoints and landscape preference. For this study, seventeen preliminary viewpoints were selected, the ratio of visual structure was calculated by types of landscapes and an analysis was conducted on landscape preference through a questionnaire survey to draw results. Conclusively, various side studies through statistical method for characteristic analysis with preference elements about viewpoint and visual structure for urban landscape management. This research will contribute to management on objective point of view in environmentally friendly urban landscape planning.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2004

외국에서는 수려하고 아름다운 '경치' 또는 '경관(landscape)'을 가진 장소(view point, scenic view, panorama ：site)와 도로(scenic 4.ive, scenic byway)를 지정하여 운영하고 있다. 반면에 우리나라에서는 경관이 수려한 장소 및 구간을 관광명소로 발굴하여 관광자원으로 활용하는 사례는 거의 얼다. 전라남도 또한 수려한 해상과 내륙의 경관을 보유하고 있지만, 경관을 관광자원으로 활용하지 못하고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.81-94
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• 2023

Haeju was home to the Hwanghae-do Provincial Office and a hub for supporting the northwestern regions of Korea. Local commerce expanded in Haeju during the late Joseon period based on its abundant resources and regional products, leading it to evolve into a large city. King Seonjo temporarily resided in Haeju while seeking refuge from the Japanese Invasions of Korea, and Yi Yi (sobriquet: Yulgok) secluded himself in Seokdam in Haeju in his later years. King Seonjo's residence in Haeju and Yi Yi's retirement there boosted interest in the city among the literati and influenced its places of scenic beauty. The development of its local history and literary achievements were documented in a wide variety of historical records and visual materials. Eight scenic views in Haeju became famous through a poem written by Seong Su-ik in the late sixteenth century. Around the mid-eighteenth century, eight new scenic views became popular. Local officials and travelers from other regions produced a vast body of prose and poetry focusing on the landscape and society of Haeju, playing a crucial role in raising awareness of its scenic attractions. Most surviving visual materials related to Haeju were created in and after the nineteenth century. Many of them illustrate both landscapes and the everyday lives of people. Among them, paintings of scenic spots created by Jeong Seon (sobriquet: Gyeomjae), who never actually visited Haeju in person, raises some of the issues posed by relying on indirect materials. In contrast, Eight Scenic Views of Haeju, which is presumed to have been produced by a local painter, appears to have accurately highlighted the characteristics of each scenic spot. Moreover, Haejudo, a folding screen presenting a panoramic view of Haeju, incorporates content from paintings depicting eight scenic views, in this case Eight Scenic views of Haeju. This practice can be observed in visual materials of other provincial cities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2010

This study is attempted to establish the concept of Byeulseo Scenic Spot that the definitions of Byeulseo and Scenic Spot would be presented first followed by clarifying the basis, reason and justification that Byeulseo would be called as Byeulseo Scenic Spot that the following is the major results formulated herein. First, the concept of scenic spot under the Cultural Property Act is the reference to the famous site with the building improvement well known for its great scenery or the point where splendid scenery is viewed that has the artistic value along with the trace of human lives in this cultural heritage that, although the scenery is important but the attention has to be on discovery of historic resources with the story telling in the subject site. Second, the criteria of designation on the Scenic Spot in Korea would be natural scenery, animal and plant site with well-known scenery, view point of scenery, famous building or garden and important places with legend that there lacks diversification. In this aspect, the intent of the concept of Scenic Spot would be facilitated to expand the designation of the Byeulseo Scenic Spot as the Scenic Spot of living style. Third, from the foreign cases, particularly, in Japan, it is needed to note that Byeulseos and housing gardens are designated for 196 places of Scenic Spot, reaching 55.4% of entire Scenic Spots. Laws, regulations, systems and designated criteria on the cases of designating the foreign Scenic Spots would be studied and quoted. Fourth, the classification work for each type to designate as cultural heritage has to be continued as the Scenic Spot of subject site with even more emerged for the value as the Scenic Spot in garden, original site and the like classified as historic site, important folk data and the like. Fifth, the designation of Scenic Spot of Byeulseo garden with splendid scenery as the living Scenic Spot has to be expanded. The pavilion existed now nationwide would be approximately 1,500, and these pavilions are the place where the scholars stay in the famous site, and this is the central space of Byeulseo to study, and if there is clear one that has written and record of deed to create the stories to people with the value for publicity campaign, it would be the subject of Scenic Spot. And sixth, for the case of view point with splendid scenery in Byeulseo Garden, it cannot be the subject of designation that the designation of Scenic Spot has to be expanded. In the event of the Byeulseo garden in Korea, there are many cases of having outstanding view points, and there is a few case of designating the subject site with great view point as a Scenic Spot.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.429-439
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• 2013

This study, as a purpose of viewshed anaiysis is selected for the landscape view point, View of the target Haenam Dalmasan Mihwangsa(Scenic site No.59) located in the terrain ridge. Criteria of landscape view point was built through both 3D visibility analysis by GIS and public preference. In results could be summarized as follows : Criteria of landscape view point by GIS was confirmed to be appropriate since a result of average score for 36 data calculated by 3D visibility analysis was higher than intermediate score. Futhermore, the landscape view point with higher score could be associate with higher public preference was determined. 3D visibility analysis in this study should be implemented additionally with not GIS, public preference but distance and extent of visibility research to discover, maintain and preserve objective and empirical landscape view point to public as resources of scenic sites.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.206-212
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• 2015

This study was carried out to assess the characteristics of gabion on road cut-slopes, and analyze the scenic view preference for the gabion in Korea. 97 gabion sites from road cut-slopes were selected and were classified into 10 application types of gabion. The classification types of gabion were mostly related to the erosion and collapse prevention across road cut-slope. Gabion work sites in this study were classified into 30 sites (31%) for below 10% gradient, followed by 31 sites (32%) for 11~30% gradient, 20 sites (21%) for 31~50% gradient, and 16 sites (16%) for 51~80% gradient. Gabion works were constructed mostly in low gradient than in high gradient. 34 gabion sites (35%) among 97 sites were not covered by vegetation and 52 gabion sites (54%) showed vegetation cover rates of 1~30%. On the scenic preference analysis, public groups understood that the scenic view of gabion in cutting slope can be improved by vegetation cover, whereas expert groups prefer to scenic view of gabion only. However, expert groups encouraged subsequently vegetation covering to improve scenic view during gabion works in cutting slope.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to review foreign scenic inventory map for the systematic management of natural scenic resources. Several foreign cases were surveyed and analyzed to apply the scenery inventory map in domestic, such as Visual Resource Management(VRM) from United States Bureau of Land Management, Scenery Management System(SMS) from USDA Forest Service and Visual Landscape Inventory(VLI) from British Columbia Ministry of Forest's, that were already established scenery inventory maps. The results are as follows. First, the characteristic of Korean landscape is quite a different from those of north american's, which is much smaller and more complex in topography and land use. So, it would be difficult to apply foreign system directly and we need more researches to our own system. The multi-stepped landscape unit system is highly recommended. Second, scenic quality could be estimated by the pre-built database, such as land forms, vegetation, hydrology and land uses. Historical and cultural attributes should be complemented. Third, existing scenic integrity could be grasped by scenic damage, landscape alteration caused by human activities and land exfoliation. Also, subjective evaluation method should be supplemented by objective criteria through further detailed studies. Finally, about landscape view conditions, landscape control points should be surveyed and established in advance, and viewing distance, viewing frequency, amount of observers and public interests should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.111-123
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• 2011

This study aims to present the basic materials, which lead us to preserve the Korea Rice Terrace as scenic sites resources and study it continuously, through researching about the present status and the preservation method of the Rice Terrace in Korea, China and Japan. The results of this study are as follows. First, The Rice Terrace has a traditional agricultural technique which minimizing the damage of the scenic view while cultivating the slope. And also, it has the value of one of the Korea unique traditional scenic views. However, The no cultivation land or disappearing desert land of rice terrace were increasing by the disadvantage of operation in land cultivation. Therefore, The Government must need preparing the base of scene resources excavation by executed the established of Korea Rice Terrace Database for preserving of Korea traditional scene. however it is getting to disappearance. And also, The High valued of Rice Terrace by cultural and scenic view which is must managed by designation of scenic sites or monument. Second, The internal and external reference book researched and analyzed results are as followings for understanding about Korea Rice Terrace feature. First of all, The Rice Terrace's dictionary meaning is just difference by each nations. However, Generally speaking that It means the terraced land by cultivated of sloped land. The Rice Terrace has cross relation with mountain valley and piedmont slope cultivation in location of condition. It occurred era is before approximately estimated from 3000 of years until 6000 of years. It can divide two type by topography shape those are slope and valley type. However, The natural element of forest has very big position in this part. But, The Rice Terrace is just managed and designated by the scenic sites with the Cultural Properties Protection Law. It must needs more binding force and effectiveness for the Rice Terrace scenic view plan establishment by scenic laws and farming and fishing village laws etc. I think that it must need the Rice Terrace related law establishment as soon as possible for efficient preservation and management of the Rice Terrace. Third, The Rice Terrace were researched and analyzed results are as followings those were executed at the Korea, China and Japan. The Korea and Japan have good Rice Terrace Characteristic. And also, The high valued scenic sites area were good managed by the Cultural Properties Protection Law as well as the superior scenic valued Rice Terrace in China. Those are also managed by designated scenic sites for protection and preservation positively. Those were managed by each autonomous district management Department. The each nation's related laws of Rice Terrace protection were just little bit different. However, The basic purpose is same. for example, it based on superior scenic view preservation and protection. Especially, The Japan's Cultural Properties Law and Scenic law linkage, and China Autonomous district legislation and effectiveness. The Korea Government must need above elements for Korea Rice Terrace culture and scenic view preservation. Fourth, We need inducing the owner system and the policy of Rice Terrace preservation promotion association for efficient preservation of Rice Terrace in japan. The owner system in japan gives the owner of the land a permission to rent the land to Rice Terrace preservation promotion association and the local government. In this system the village would be revitalized by commons in the way of the management of the terraces, beautifying the area around the terraces and etc. And also, Making the each village management operating system for Rice Terrace management through educating civilization. The civilization could receive quick help from a consultative body comprised of experts such as representatives of Cultural Heritage Administration and professors. And it is in a hurry to solve the problem of revitalization of the region by exchange between cities and the village.