• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2011

The current test methods are insufficient to evaluate and ensure the safety and reliability of vehicle system for all possible dynamic situation including the worst case such as rollover, spin-out and so on. Although the known NHTSA Sine with dwell steering maneuvers are applied for the vehicle performance assessment, they aren't enough to estimate other possible worst case scenarios. Therefore, it is crucial for us to verify the various worst cases including the existing severe steering maneuvers. This paper includes useful worst case based upon the existing worst case scenarios mentioned above and worst case evaluation for vehicle dynamic controller in simulation basis and UCC HILS. The only human steering angle is selected as a design parameter here and optimized to maximize the index function to be expressed in terms of both yaw rate and side slip angle. The obtained scenarios were enough to generate the worst case to meet NHTSA worst case definition. It has been concluded that the new procedure in this paper is adequate to create other feasible worst case scenarios for a vehicle dynamic control system.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

최근 도심지에서 상하수도 등의 지중매설관 노후 및 접합 불량에 따른 누수에 의해 일어나거나, 터널굴착 및 지하구조물 시공 시 부실시공 또는 관리 부실로 인한 지하수의 유입으로 지중공동이 발생하고 이로 인하여 지반침하가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 포화-불포화 다공성 매질에 대한 지하수 변동을 예측할 수 있는 수치모델(SEEFLOW3D)을 개발하였으며 개착식 및 비개착식 굴착 시나리오를 구성하여 지반굴착에 따른 영향을 모사하였다. 또한, 개발모델의 검증을 위해 범용수치해석 프로그램(Visual MODFLOW)과 비교 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 평균 오차는 -3.95~5.72%이며 정규화 된 RMSE는 0.56~4.62%로 나타났다. 향후 본 연구의 개발모델은 지반굴착 공사 시 지하수 유출량을 예측하고 이에 따른 차수벽의 최적 설계 등을 위한 해석툴로 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2011

레이더의 설계에 있어 레이더 성능 평가는 중요한 단계 중 하나이다. 그러나 조우 표적을 가지고 성능 시험을 수행하는 데는 시간 및 비용과 같은 제약점이 따르기 때문에 가상의 표적을 모의할 수 있는 장치가 개발되어 레이더 성능 평가에 사용된다. 가상의 표적 모의 장치는 광 지연 선로 및 DRFM(Digital RF Memory)을 이용하여 구현되어 왔으나, 모의 거리 및 사용 용도의 차이로 인한 시험 시나리오 구현 등에 있어 제약점을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 임의의 레이더 송신 신호에 대하여 정밀 거리 모의가 가능하며, 시험 시나리오 구현이 용이한 레이더 반사 신호 모의 장치 개발을 목표로 구현된 디지털 시간 지연 모듈에 대하여 기술하였다. 개발된 디지털 시간 지연 모듈은 펄스 인식 및 지연 간격 검출 방법을 적용하여 왜곡이 없는 시간 지연을 모의하다. 자체시험 결과를 통하여 성능 입증하였으며 그 결과에 대하여 기술한다.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2018

The school classroom is a common living place where students spend 7 to 14 hours a day to prepare for their careers. Therefore, if the ventilation of the classroom is not properly performed, it may lead to the deterioration of learning ability due to the unclear air. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the classroom is reported to be high, and the increase in carbon dioxide concentration has a negative effect on the learner's academic performance. In this context, the purpose of this study is to propose a methodology for intelligent and responsive window opening-closing operation process that can reduce the concentration of $CO_2$ in the classroom in order to build a support space that can create an effective teaching-learning environment for adolescents. The specific objectives are as follows. First of all, we define the concept of window opening-closing operation. Secondly, twe develop the operation process of window opening-closing. Thirdly, we develop an algorithm for real-time window opening and closing (process) (Window Opening-Closing Operation Process). Finally, we verify the intelligent responsive window opening-closing operation process through developing examples of window opening-closing operation process using the parametric design program. This study is a preliminary study to develop algorithms necessary for window opening-closing operation. Based on the first-order algorithm, We simulated window opening-closing operations according to a hypothetical scenario. As a result, This study can show that the window is open and close depending on the $CO_2$ concentration, but the $CO_2$ concentration in the room is higher than outdoors. Consequentially, we suggest that it is necessary to develop an algorithm to supplement these results because window is often not working when the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor in winter is large.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aimed to investigate the effects of customer relationship quality and perceived power on complaint behaviors in a context of service failures in a restaurant. Two different types of complaint behaviors were employed: personal complaining that disappointed customers directly approach to a service manager and public complaining that customers ask for related institutions, like consumer protection organization, for help. This study also examined the moderation effects of brand reputation on the relationships between customer perceived power and two types of complaint behaviors. Research design, data, and methodology - The author developed a structural model in which customer relationship quality is proposed to affect customer perceived power, thus influencing personal and public complaint behaviors. The model also includes the moderating role of brand reputation; the effect of customer perceived power on two types of complaint behaviors becomes stronger when brand reputation is high. To analyze the research model, a survey based on a scenario regarding the contexts of service failures in a restaurant was conducted toward 126 female college students. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 21.0 were utilized to test the hypotheses. Results - The findings are as follows. First, customers who had positive relationships with a restaurant are more likely to perceive that they have strong power to influence the service provider. Second, customer perceived power had a significant and positive effect on both personal and public complaint behaviors. Finally, when the brand reputation for a restaurant is high, dissatisfied customers who think they can exercise influence to the restaurant complain more actively toward the service provider. Conclusions - The findings of this study are against the traditional viewpoint on customer loyalty that loyal customers compared respond more generously to the mistakes of a company, but consistent with the 'love becomes hate' effect proposed by Grégoire, Tripp, and Legoux(2009). In complaining contexts, companies should manage customers with positive and strong relationship more carefully and strategically to prevent the expansion of economic and social risks from customers' complaining behaviors. This is more significant for companies with strong brand reputations.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of interaction between product category (fresh vs. indulgent product) and shopping options (shipping charge and delivery time) on customer satisfaction and purchase intent in an e-commerce context. When ordering groceries online, consumers begin to allocate a larger share of their grocery budget toward product categories that generally contain healthier items at the expense of product categories that generally contain more indulgent products. Moreover, customers are extremely sensitive to shipping options such as shipping charges and delivery time. Therefore, this research investigates the issue at a more segmented level to focus on the impact that one dimension of logistics service quality - product category, shipping charge, and delivery time have on customer satisfaction and purchase intent. Research design, data, and methodology: To test the theoretically derived priori hypotheses concerning product category, shipping charges, delivery time, satisfaction, and purchase intent, this research presented a scenario-based experiment. Eight treatment groups were assigned by the method of product category (fresh produce vs. indulgent product), shipping charge (free vs. paid), and delivery time (one-day vs. two to three days). A total of 240 subjects were divided into groups and exposed to one of the eight scenarios. Participant's purchase intention was the dependent variable, and ANOVA and L-matrix were used to analyze for main and interactive effects between factors. Conclusions: Results indicated that in tests 1 and 2, free shipping and fast delivery time increased consumer satisfaction as well as purchase intent, and fast delivery moderated the impact of free shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent. Test 3 showed that the effect of free shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent moderated by fast delivery for indulgent products. In contrast, fast delivery for fresh products moderated the effect of paid shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent. Consistent with this proposed mechanism, the relative importance of fresh produce versus indulgent products highlights the effect of shipping options on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent when ordering the target product in an e-commerce context. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2014

본 연구는 로열티 프로그램에서 등급 강등 시, 고객의 등급과 메시지의 진실성, 관여도가 충성도에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 20대 230명을 대상으로 $2{\times}2{\times}2$ 집단간 실험설계를 통한 ANCOVA분석을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 최고등급과 중간등급 모두 등급하락 후 충성도가 감소하였으며 최고등급보다 중간등급의 충성도가 더 작게 감소하였다. 최고등급의 경우 메시지에서 진실성을 느끼는 정도가 높은 집단의 충성도가 더 작게 감소하였으며, 관여도가 낮은 집단의 충성도가 더 작게 감소하였다. 중간등급 또한 진실성을 느끼는 정도가 높은 집단의 충성도가 더 작게 감소하였으며, 관여도가 낮은 집단 충성도가 더 작게 감소하였다. 고객의 등급, 메시지의 진실성, 관여도의 삼원상호작용에서는 메시지에 진실성이 높다고 느끼며 관여도가 낮은 중간등급의 충성도가 가장 작게 감소하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.153-171
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• 2015

The observational method in tunnel engineering allows the evaluation in real time of the actual conditions of the ground and to take measures if its behavior deviates considerably from predictions. However, it lacks a consistent and structured methodology to use the monitoring data to adapt the support system in real time. The definition of limit criteria above which adaptation is required are not defined and complex inverse analysis procedures (Rechea et al. 2008, Levasseur et al. 2010, Zentar et al. 2001, Lecampion et al. 2002, Finno and Calvello 2005, Goh 1999, Cui and Pan 2012, Deng et al. 2010, Mathew and Lehane 2013, Sharifzadeh et al. 2012, 2013) may be needed to consistently analyze the problem. In this paper a methodology for the real time adaptation of the support systems during tunneling is presented. In a first step limit criteria for displacements and stresses are proposed. The methodology uses graphics that are constructed during the project stage based on parametric calculations to assist in the process and when these graphics are not available, since it is not possible to predict every possible scenario, inverse analysis calculations are carried out. The methodology is applied to the "Bois de Peu" tunnel which is composed by two tubes with over 500 m long. High uncertainty levels existed concerning the heterogeneity of the soil and consequently in the geomechanical design parameters. The methodology was applied in four sections and the results focus on two of them. It is shown that the methodology has potential to be applied in real cases contributing for a consistent approach of a real time adaptation of the support system and highlight the importance of the existence of good quality and specific monitoring data to improve the inverse analysis procedure.

• 약학회지
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2015

The goal of this study is to help for the utilization the national pharmacists test through the analysis of item development management to the foreign pharmacists examination. The United States is going to NABP (National Association of Boards of Pharmacy) initiative under the curriculum in question on the basis of this assessment and develop standards and unified, systematic system to conduct tests pharmacist. Practice oriented (patient scenario, the participation of a pharmacist or perform work, clinical practice) examination is doing in Canada, The UK is asking the for more than 70 percent and the prescription needed for actual calculation in practice prior to testing program, and by the including that allows references use. Our country may introduce the job as a clinical pharmacist, positively. Item management system is integrated into four regions based on the six-year curriculum should be done in harmony proportion of each region. Integration of fusion of each region in accordance with the duties should be come out. It has gradually been able to item management system developed by the United States or Canada. This item notice pharmacist judging the results of the work must be carried out for management upgrading to a form of management with an emphasis on clinical practice in developed countries. Foundation design, development, production and management and test after actively reviewing ways to improve management system for to management systems, a pharmacist to improve the quality of the national examination could be contributing are involved.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2005

소프트웨어 테스팅 도구를 이용하여 테스팅 프로세스의 전체 또는 일부를 자동처리 함으로써 테스팅 시간의 단축과 비용을 줄일 수 있다. 현재 상용화된 테스팅 자동화 도구들은 상호 호환성을 고려하지 않고 개발되었기 때문에 특히, 테스트 설계 단계에서 생성되는 테스트 케이스(테스트 프로시저, 테스트 데이터 및 테스트 수행 결과의 예측 등)의 정보 공유와 재사용이 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 테스트 케이스의 정보 공유와 재사용을 위하여 테스팅 자동화 도구들의 통합화 대신에 테스팅 수행과정에서 생성된 테스트 케이스 정보를 다른 테스팅 도구들에서도 접근, 공유할 수 있는 테스팅 자동화 프레임워크를 제안하였다. 제안한 통합 환경 테스팅 자동화 프레임워크의 유효성과 효과성, 그리고 시스템 성능과 테스트 케이스의 재사용성을 입증하기 위하여 기존 3개의 테스팅 도구들을 테스트 시나리오에 따라 실험하였다. 실험한 결과 통합 환경 테스팅 자동화 프레임워크 상에서 테스트 케이스의 재사용을 통해 테스팅 시간의 단축과 비용을 감소시킬 수 있었다.