• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1706-1719
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to optimize the conditions for enhancing the antioxidant properties of sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) as a coffee substitute in two processing methods, roasting and grinding. The optimum conditions for removing off-flavor of the bean and maximizing functionality and efficiency were light roasting and cryogenic grinding (< 53 ㎛). In these conditions, extraction yield was 16.75%, total phenolic content (TPC) was 69.82 ± 0.35 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, and total flavonoid content (TFC) was 168.81 ± 1.64 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g. The antioxidant properties were 77.58 ± 0.27% for DPPH radical scavenging activity and 58.02 ± 0.76 mg Trolox equivalents/g for ABTS radical scavenging activity. The values for TFC and ABTS radical scavenging activity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in other conditions, and TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity were second highest in lightly roasted beans, following raw beans. HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis confirmed that the amino acids and carbohydrates, which are the main components of sword bean, were condensed into other volatile flavor compounds, such as derivatives of furan, pyrazine, and pyrrole during roasting. Roasted and cryogenically ground (cryo-ground) sword beans showed higher functionality in terms of TFC, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging activities compared to those of coffee. Overall results showed that light roasting and cryogenic grinding are the most suitable processing conditions for enhancing the bioactivity of sword beans.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.527-538
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of O. robusta stem extract (ORE) and to determine the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. Free radical scavenging properties were evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and ·OH (hydroxyl radical) scavenging assays. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Active compounds of ORE were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of the study showed that ORE exhibited DPPH, ABTS, and ·OH radical scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, 1,000 ㎍/mL of ORE showed the strongest radical scavenging properties against DPPH, ABTS, and ·OH. ORE contained total polyphenol content of 57.4 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content of 5.4 mg QE/g, which may contribute to their antioxidant effects. As a result of HPLC, the contents of active compounds in ORE, dihydrokaempferol (0.65 ㎍/mL), and 3-O-methylquercetin (1.10 ㎍/mL) were confirmed. In conclusion, ORE may be useful as a functional material with antioxidant properties.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.389-396
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• 2013

The antioxidant enzyme and DPPH radical scavenging activity with variations in drying methods of diploid and tetraploid in Platycodon grandiflorum were determined. Antioxidant enzyme activities were measured as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The roots of Platycodon grandiflorum were freeze-dried, indoor-dried, hot-air dried, and microwave dried. The root extract of P. grandiflorum have shown the highest SOD enzyme activity of 92% in tetraploid of freeze-dried and indoor-dried while diploid of microwave dried showed the lowest SOD enzyme activity of 47.5%. The activity of CAT showed higher values in the root of tetraploid than in the diploid of P. grandiflorum in all drying methods. The APX activity showed relatively higher values in the root extract of freeze-dried both the diploid and tetraploid, but the difference in comparison with other extracts was not significant. The POX activities according to drying methods of diploid and tetraploid in P. grandiflorum showed relatively high values in freeze-dried and indoor-dried compared with other drying methods, and the POX activity between the diploid and tetraploid was not significant difference in each drying method. The DPPH radical scavenging activity with variation in drying methods of diploid and tetraploid in P. grandiflorum was the highest in the freeze-dried, and was higher in tetraploid than diploid in all the concentrations. In conclusion, the root of P. grandiflorum had the potent biological activities in both diploid and tetraploid. In particular, the tetraploid root of P. grandiflorum showing high antioxidant enzyme activity could be good materials for development of source of functional healthy food.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2005

Objectives : Peroxynitrite $(ONOO^-)$, fonned from the reaction of $O_2^-$ and NO, is a cytotoxic species that can oxidize several cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. It has been implicated in the aging process and age-related disease such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and atherosclerosis. Due to the lack of endogenous enzymes to thwart $ONOO^-$ activation, developing a specific $ONOO^-$ scavenger is remarkably important. The aim of this study was to investigate scavenging activities of $ONOO^-$ and its precursors, NO and $O_2^-$ and its scavenging mechanism of Ojawhan. Methods : To investigate scavenging activities of $ONOO^-$, NO, $O_2^-$ and its scavenging mechanism using fluorescent probes, DCFDA, DAF-2 and DHR 123. The $ONOO^-$ scavenging activity on Ojawhan was assayed by measuring oxidized dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) by fluorometry. Oxidative stress was induced by strong oxidants t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). Endothelial cell (YPEN-1) was used for detection of intracellular oxidative stress. Results : Ojawhan markedly scavenged authentic $ONOO^-$, $O_2^-$ and NO. It also inhibited $ONOO^-$ induced by $O_2^-$ and NO which are derived from SIN-1. Furthennore, ${\underline{Ojawhan}}$ blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced $ONOO^-$, $O_2^-$ and NO generation utilizing kidney homogenates of LPS-injected mouse and inhibited t-BHP-induced ROS and $ONOO^-$ in endothelial cell culture system. Conclusions : These results suggest that Ojawhan be developed as an effective $ONOO^-$ scavenger for the prevention of $ONOO^-$ involved diseases and age-related diseases.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2002

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this research was total polyphenol contents, anti-oxidant activities, anti-inflammatory activities and anti-wrinkle activities of Ulleung islands plants for application as a cosmeceutical ingredients Methods : We were experimented total polyphenol contents, anti-oxidant activities, anti-inflammatory activity and anti-wrinkle activities. Results : In the physiological activities, most Ulleung islands plants is showed the highest anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory activity in ABTS+ radical cation scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity. All experiment of the water and ethanol extract from the Ulleung islands plants ingredients were gradually increased as well. Conclusions : These results suggest that extracts from Ulleung islands plants can be used in natural ingredient in food or cosmetic industry.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.903-906
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• 2008

Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz (Lythraceae) is used in the treatment of various ailments in traditional medicines. DPPH activity guided fractionation and purification process was used to identify the free radical-scavenging components from the flowers of this plant. The methanolic extract of the plant was first fractionated into four extracts; namely, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fractions. Among them, the ethyl acetate fraction was found to be the most effective and was further subjected to activity guided-fractionation and isolation procedures. After successive column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, gallic acid, which is responsible for the radical scavenging activity, was isolated and its structure was elucidated by spectral methods ($^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR) and by comparison with literature.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2017

This study was designed to investigate effective preprocess methods for the antioxidant activity of Lycopus lucidus Trucz tubers extract. Lycopus lucidus Trucz tubers (LlTT) were treated with D (Dried), SD (Steamed and Dried), ASD (Alcohol-Steamed and Dried), DR (Dried and Roasted), SDR (Steamed, Dried and Roasted), and ASDR (Alcohol-Steamed, Dried and Roasted). Solid content was high in Lycopus lucidus Trucs tubers, which were roasted after drying (especially SDR, ASDR). Total sugar and reducing sugar contents were high in roasted ones. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were high upon alcohol-steaming in both the dried and roasted groups. Antioxidant activities of LlTT extracts showed effective nitrate scavenging ability, ABTs radical scavenging ability, Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and DPPH radical scavenging ability. As a result, roasting or steaming process (especially using alcohol) can be helpful to obtain the highly antioxidative extract of Lycopus lucidus Trucs tubers.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.144-147
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• 2005

DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of bioactive compounds 1-4 isolated from Cedrela sinensis leaf were assessed. Structures of isolated compounds were established by UV, one- and two-dimensional NMRs, and mass spectroscopic methods.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.26-29
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• 2002

The MeOH extract of Sorbus commixta (Rosaceae) exhibited strong DPPH radical scavenging activity, and through activity-guided fractionation two antioxidant compounds were isolated and identified as $catechin-7-O-{\beta}-D-xylopyranoside$ (1) and $catechin-7-O-\;{\beta}-D-apiofuranoside$ (2) by physicochemical and spectrometric methods. To evaluate the antioxidant effect of these compounds, some in vitro tests, such as the DPPH radical scavenging activity test, the superoxide radical scavenging activity test and the lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity test, were performed. Compounds 1 and 2 showed stronger activities than both a-tocopherol and butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) in each assay.