• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 1999

The scavenging effects of two hyaroxycinnamic acids such as caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid on paraquat induced pulmonary toxicity were investigated. The results are summerized as follows: 1. In the 5-lipoxygenase assay, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid inhibited the enzyme activities whose inhibition concentration (IC$\_$50/) were 4.1 and 9.6 ${\mu}$M respectively. 2. To evaluate the antiinflammatory effects on mediator related to the mechanism of inflammation, ADP-induced platelet aggregation assay and histamine degranulation assay were used. Caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid inhibited on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and histamine release at a concentration dependent manners. 3. Arachidonic acid-induced ear edema were inhibited by administration of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. 4. Cytologicad analysis of branchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) which was the useful tool for detection of an inflammatory response in the lungs of animals intoxicated with chemicals were used. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in BALF, as well as the protein content and the LDH activity in BALF supernatant increased by intoxication of paraquat, but decreased by administration of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. Therefore, two hydroxyeinnamic acids tested were the useful candidates for scavenger and antiinflammatory agents on paraquat induced pulmonary toxicity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2010

We tested to determine if Mori Cortex Radicis extract has antioxidant activities and its potential mechanism of action was explored. Anti-oxidative effects were tested by measuring free radical and nitric Oxide (NO) scavenging activity, and reducing power. Since iNOS and COX-2 are important enzymes responsible for the production of free radicals in the cell, Mori Cortex Radicis extract was tested as to whether it could inhibit iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS stimulated Raw cells. 70% methanolic extract of Mori Cortex Radicis exerted significant DPPH free radical and NO scavenging activities. In addition, the Mori Cortex Radicis extract exerted dramatic reducing power with maximal activity observed at 1 mg/ml (11-fold over control). Production of iNOS induced by LPS was significantly inhibited by the Mori Cortex Radicis extract, suggesting it could inhibit NO production by suppressing iNOS expression. COX-2 induced by LPS was also significantly inhibited by the Mori Cortex Radicis extract. The extract contains well known antioxidant components including phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanin at the concentration of 0.23 mg/g, 42.97 mg/g and 12.08 mg/g, respectively. These results suggest that 70% methanolic extract of Mori Cortex Radicis exerts significant anti-oxidant activity via inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 induction.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2010

Background : At high glucose levels in $\beta$-cells, cell viability and insulin secretion are decreased by glucotoxicity. Sopyung-tang(SPT) had an effect on blood glucose level decrease and antioxidant enzyme activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Objectives : This study performed a series of experiment to verify the effects of SPT extract on the cell viability, antioxidant enzyme activities, insulin secretion and insulin mRNA expression at hyperglycemic states of RIN-m5F. Methods : After treatment at various concentrations of SPT added to the RIN-m5F cells, cell viability by MTT assay, free radical-scavenging activity, SOD activity and insulin secretion were measured. Additionally, insulin-related gene expression was measured using real-time RT-PCR. Results : Compared to the control group, SPT extract showed considerable effects on RIN-m5F cell viability, DPPH radical-scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, insulin secretion and insulin-related gene expression. Conclusions : This study showed that SPT extract has an effect on $\beta$-cell cell viability, insulin secretion and insulin-related gene expression. Thus, SPT extract may be used for treatment of diabetes and its complications. Further mechanism studies of SPT seem to be necessary on the glucotoxicity and oxidative stress.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was perfomed to investigate the antioxidant activity and serotonin activity of Gami-guibi-tang on P815 Mast Cell. Methods: The effects of Gami-guibi-tang on activation of TPH-1 mRNA and AAADC mRNA in P815 mast cell were investigated. The effect of Gami-guibi-tang on content of serotonin in P815 mast cell was investigated. The effects of Gami-guibi-tang on activation of DPPH radical scavenging and SOD in P815 mast cell were investigated. Results: 1. The Gami-guibi-tang increased SOD activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. 2. The Gami-guibi-tang increased the intracellular concentration of serotoninin 60 ${\mu}g/ml$, 80 ${\mu}g/ml$ experiment group. 3. The Gami-guibi-tang increased menaingful the manifestation TPH mRNA. 4. The manifestation of AAADC and MAO mRNA have not made menaingful changes on Gami-guibi-tang. Conclusions: This experiment shows that Gami-guibi-tang had significant anti-oxidative effect. And Gami-guibi-tang increased the intracellular concentration of serotonin. Therefore, Gami-guibi-tang can be used by the medication of major depression disorder. But Study on mechanism of increased serotonin and clinical research of Gami-guibi-tang is suggested for future research.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권1호통권140호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to evaluate the gastrotherapeutic effects of the extract of Rosa rugosa. It can be regarded that the antigastric and anti-ulcerative effect of Rosa rugosa is originated from the reduction of total acid output identified by gastric secretion test. To clarify the protective mechanism of the Rosa rugosa extract, the gastropathy was induced in rats with alcohol-salicylate and the activities of the free radical scavenging enzymes were examined. The acitivity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide were significantly increased and the total content of glutathione was recovered. We concluded that the protective effect of the extract of Rosa rugosa on gastropathy in rats is its ability increased the activities of the free radical scavenging enzymes.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.258-268
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• 2001

Garlic has been known to be effective against the gastrointestinal diseases which can be induced by production of oxygen-derived free radical. It has been shown that bamboo salt is effective on the treatment and prevention of various gastrointestinal disorders. Bamboo salt is a processed salt invented by a Korean, ll-Hoon Kim. It has been reported that garlic and bamboo-salt are useful to the treatment of gastric disorders in Korea. To clarify the protective mechanism of the garlic-bamboo salt mixture, the gas-tropathy was induced in rats with alcohol-salicylate and the activities of the free radical scavenging enzymes were examined. In this study, we found that the garlic-bamboo salt mixture reduced the severity of hemorrhagic lesion in gastric mucosa in the rats. In addition, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) were significnatly increased and the total content of GSH was recovered. From those results, we concluded that the protective effect of the garlic-bamboo salt mixture on gastropathy in rats is its ability to recover the level of GSH and to increase the activities of the free radical scavenging enzymes (SOD, GPx, GR).

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

In our present study, total methanol extracts prepared from B. platyphylla var. japonica showed a significant increase in cell proliferation upon the induction of oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide or $\gamma$-ray irradiation. Total methanol extracts were fractionated into five separate preparations i.e. n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water fractions. Among these, the ethylacetate and butanol fractions of B. platyphylla var. japonica showed the highest protective effects against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. These fractions also showed strong protective effects against $\gamma$-ray irradiation. When we evaluated the cytotoxicity of these fractions, the butanol fraction showed no effects in a colony formation assay. In addition, the butanol fraction showed a cell proliferation activation effect evidenced by significant increase in the colony formation of $\gamma$-ray irradiated cells. Both a radical scavenging activity and clonogenic activity assay suggested that the mechanism behind this protective effect against reactive oxygen species may be due to the radical scavenging and cell proliferation activity of B. platyphylla var. japonica extracts.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease in the gastrointestinal tract. We investigated whether Aurantii fructus immaturus (AFI) pharmacopuncture has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods : in vitro experiments, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, prevention on $H_2O_2$-induced cell death in RAW264.7 cell line, DNA fragmentation, and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were analyzed to investigate antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of AFI pharmacopuncture. in vivo experiment, a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was used to examine the effect of AFI pharmacopuncture on CV12 at different doses of 5 ${\mu}l$, 0.5 ${\mu}l$, 0.05 ${\mu}l$ for 10 days. Body weight, colon length and macroscopic features were investigated. Results : AFI pharmacopuncture showed DPPH free radical scavenging and SOD active effects in a dose-dependent manner. AFI pharmacopuncture showed a protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced cell injury and also attenuated LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression. In a DSS- induced colitis murine model, however, AFI pharmacopuncture at CV12 had no anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions : The present results suggest that AFI pharmacopuncture extract may have anti- inflammatory and antioxidative effects in vivo test, but further research on the underlying mechanism is required.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate antioxidant activities and reducing serum alcohol concentration of extract of Lentinus edodes on the alcohol administered rats. Methods : Antioxidant effect was measured by total phenolic compound and DPPH-radical scavenging activity of extract of Lentinus edodes in vitro. Blood alcohol concentration, aldehyde concentration, malondialdehyde concentration, glutathion concentration were measured in vivo. Results : The extract of Lentinus edodes increased DPPH-radical scavenging activity dose-dependently. The water extract with boiling water showed lower antioxidant activity and phenolic content than 70% ethanol extract in vitro. Blood alcohol concentration was significantly reduced by pre-treatment of ethanol extract of Lentinus edodes. The effect was more significant than commercial product used as a positive control. Conclusions : This study suggest that Lentinus edodes can be a potential nature resource for the management of ethanol toxicity although the mechanism of action involved in the treatment remains to be explored.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2003

Although the effect of Bee Venom has been reported, its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Nitric Oxide(NO) is one of the free radicals and mediates in inflammation diseases. Chemokines contribute to the pathogenesis of several disorders such as allergic rhinitis and rheumatoid arthritis and so on. The objective of this study was to investigate the scavenging effect of Bee Venom on NO and on expression of chemokine genes. There was no significant NO scavenging effect in Crude Bee Venom, Apamin, Melittin, and MCD-peptide. The expression of chemokines was examined by RT-PCR using the human mast cell line(HMC-1), which is known to secrete and express chemokines. In order to investigate the protective effect of Bee Venom, HMC-1 cells were incubated with pretreatment of Bee Venom for 24 hrs and stimulated with 1 uM calcium ionophore A23178 for 2 hrs. RT-PCR analyses of chemokine genes showed that expressions of RANTES and MCP-1 were increased compared to the calcium ionophore-only treated group. But IL-8 and MCP-3 did not express increasing effect compared to control group. This study may provide important basic data on the possibility of the clinical treatment of Bee Venom in inflammation diseases.