• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of silkworm powder on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in brain membrances of SD rats. Hydroxyl radical (OH) levels resulted in a considerable decreases in brain mitochondria fraction. Superoxide radical (O$_2$) levels were a slightly decreased in brain cytosol fraction. Lipid peroxide (LPO) and Oxidized protein (OP) levels were significantly decreased in brain mitochondria and microsomes fraction. Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was remarkably increased in the mitochondria fraction. Cu and Zn-SOD activities were effectively increased in brain cytosol fraction. GSHPx activity was considerably increased in brain cytosol fraction. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of silkworm plays an effective role in attenuating an oxidative stress and increasing a scravenger enzyme activity in brain membranes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.466-472
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• 1999

These studies were designed to investigate the effects of pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc.) needle extract (PNE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as a study on investigation of anti-aging effect and determination of chemical structures of PNE through the animal experiments. Male SD rats were fed basic diets (control group) and experimental diets (0.5% and 1.0%-PNE group) for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in hydroxyl radical (·OH) formations of liver mitochondria and microsomes in 0.5%-PNE group, while ·OH formations were significantly decreased (10% and 18%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of 1.0%-PNE group compared with control group. Microsomal hydrogen peroxides and cytosolic superoxide radicals were remarkably decreased (20% and 20∼25%, respectively) in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in mitochondria were significantly increased about 10% in 1.0%-PNE group, while Mn-SOD activities in mocrosomes were remarkably increased (16∼20%) in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. There were no significant differences in Cu, Zn-SOD activities of liver cytosol in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups, while glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly decreased (28∼30% and 15∼30%, respectively) in liver cytosols of 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. These results suggest that these PNE may play a effective role in a attenuating a oxygen radical formations and increasing a scavenger enzyme activities.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 1999

Previous studies have shown that methanol extract and its butanol fraction of Carthamus tinctorius L. Semen have the hepatoprotective effect on the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotective effect of the subfractions of butanol fraction has been evaluated by analyzing oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme activities and histopathological examinations. In BS-5 subfraction treated group, the activity of superoxide dismutase has been significantly increased as compared with that of CCl4, treated rats. Antioxidant activity has been evaluated by the examination of the scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. BS-5 subfraction has shown strong antioxidant activities. The histopathological examination showed that the treatment of BS-5 subfraction has relieved the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes which had been generated by CCl4. It appears that the protective effect of BS-5 subfraction would be mediated of the attenuation of lipid peroxidation by acting as a free radical scavenger, which were based on the increase of superoxide dismutase activity.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2006

As the antioxidant and free radical scavenger, glutathione (GSH) participates in the preservation of cellular redox status and defense against reactive oxygen species and xenobiotics. Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL; also known as ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase, EC 6.3.2.2) is the rate limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. In the present study, the accurate method for determination of GCL activity in crude liver extracts was developed by measuring both ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine and GSH from cysteine in the presence of glutamate, glycine and an ATP-generating system. We added glycine to promote the conversion of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine to GSH, and to minimize the possibility of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine metabolism to cysteine and oxoproline by ${\gamma}$-glutamylcyclotransferase. We established optimal conditions and substrate concentrations for the enzyme assay, and verified that inhibition of GCL by GSH did not interfere with this assay. Therefore, this assay of hepatic GCL under optimal conditions could provide a more accurate measurement of this enzyme activity in the crude liver extracts.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1998

Pine(Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc.) is one of rhe popular plant drugs which has been used as a medicine in Asia. To investigate the effect of pine needle extract (PNE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in brain membranes of Sprague- Dawley (SD), make SD rats were fed basic diets(control group), and experimental diets (PNE group) with 0.5 and 1.0% of PNE 6 weeks. Mitochondrial hydroxyl radical levels in brain of 0.5%-PNE and 1.0%-PNE groups were significantly inhibited to 30% and 25%, respectively, and microsomal hydrogen peroxide levels in brain of 0.5%-PNE and 1.0%-PNE groups were significantly inhibited to 15% compared with control group. Cytosolic superoxide rdical levels in 1.0%-PNE group were significantly inhibited to 20% compared with control group. Lipid peroxide(LPO) levels in brain mitochondria of 0.5%-PNE and 1.0%-PNE groups were significantly lower(25% and 35%) than that in control group. Mn-superoxide disumtase (SOD) activities in brain of 0.5%-PNE and 1.0%-PNE groups were significantly higher(18% and 12%) than those in control groups, but Cu,Zn-SOD activities in brain of 0.5%-PNE were significantly activated to 15% compared with control group. Glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx) activities in brain of 1.5%-PNE and 1.0% PNE groups were significantly higher(14% and 12%) than those in control group. These results suggest that more beneficial effects such as inhibition of oxygen radicals and lipid peroxide(LPO). and oncreases of scavenger enzymes in brain membranes of SD rats may be effectively modulated by administration of pine needle extract (PNE)

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.492-497
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• 1998

Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) was purified from horseradish by using Mono Q and Superose 12 FPLC column chromatography. The native molecular mass of the purified enzyme was approximately 33 kDa, as determined by gel filtration. The subunit molecular weight, as estimated by SDS-PAGE, was 16 kDa. These results indicated that the native enzyme is a homodimer. We investigated the free radical-generating function of horseradish Cu,Zn-SOD by using a chromogen, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) which reacts with ${\cdot}OH$ radicals to form $ABTS^{+{\cdot}}$ The formation of $ABTS^{+{\cdot}}$ was required for both active Cu, Zn-SOD and $H_2O_2$. The optimal pH for the free radical-generating activity of this enzyme was 6.0-8.0, and it retained about $40^{\circ}C$ of its maximum activity when exposed at $40^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. A neutral scavenger, ethanol, inhibited the $ABTS^{+{\cdot}}$ formation by horseradish Cu, Zn-SOD more effectively than that by the mammalian enzyme. These results suggest that the active channel of horseradish enzyme is slightly larger than that of the mammalian enzyme.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 1997

$SO_2$에 대한 양버즘나무의 내성을 증대시키고자 uniconazole, sodium benzoate 또는 ascorbic acid를 단용 또는 복합처리한 후 $SO_2$에 의한 가시피해정도, 엽록소함량 및 유리기 제거제로 활성산소의 독성을 중화시킬 수 있는 superoxide dismutase(SOD) 및 peroxidase(POD)의 활성변화를 조사하였다. Uniconazole처리에 의한 $SO_2$ 피해경감 효과는 SOD불활성제인 diethyldithiocarbamate(DDTC)를 다시 처리하므로써 가시피해가 증가하였고 SOD와 POD의 활성도 감소하였다. 유리기 제거제인 sodium benzoate와 ascorbic acid처리는 SOD나 POD 활성에 영향을 주지않으면서 $SO_2$의 피해를 경감시키고, DDTC의 $SO_2$피해증가 효과를 ascorbic acid 처리로 감소시킬 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 uniconazole은 식물체내에서 산화방지물질의 역할을 하는 SOD의 활성을 증대시켜 $SO_2$가스의 피해를 경감시키는 효과가 인정되며, ascorbic acid와 sodium benzoate의 내성 증대 효과는 식물체내의 SOD나 POD 활성 증진과는 관계가 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.368-372
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• 2006

Quercetin은 flavonoid 계통의 물질로서 자연계에서 채소나 과일에 매우 흔하다. 또한 인체에서는 radical scavenger로서 신체항상성 뿐만 아니라 직장암의 예방에도 중요한 역할을 한다. Glucosidase를 포함한 glycosidase는 많은 종류의 대사성 질환에 관련이 있다. 유용한 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해제를 스크리닝 하던 중 chemical library로부터 quercetin을 선별하였다. Quercetin은 $\alpha$-glucosidase에 가역적으로, 느리게 결합하며, 비경쟁적인 저해제인데, $6.3\times10^{-8}$ M의 Ki값을 가진다. 이러한 결과는 비록 기전 연구가 더 필요하지만, quercetin이 당뇨병과 같은 퇴행성 질환을 치료할 수 있다는 잠재성을 보여주는 것이다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of silk fibroin(Mw 500) powder (SFP) on oxygen radicals and the scavenger enzymes in brain membranes of rats. Spragu-Dawley(SD) male rats(160${\pm}$10g) were fed basic diet(control group), and experimental diets(SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups) added 2.5 and 5.0g/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical($.$OH) levels resulted in a decreases(6.6% and 9.7%, 2.8% and 11.9%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group, but were significantly decreased in these membrances of SFP-5.0 group only. Superoxide radical (O2) levels were a slightly decreased (2.0% and 9.1%, respectively) in brain cytosol of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide(LPO) levels were significantly decreased (12.9% and 21.9%, 13.2% and 22.5%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were significantly decreased (16.7% and 15.7%, respectively) in brain microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 group compared with control group, but significantly difference between in brain mitochondria of these two groups could not be obtained. Mn-SOD activities were remarkably increased (11.2% and 24.2%, respectively) in mitochodria of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups. CuZn-SOD activities were effectively increased (7.7% and 19.6%, respectively) in brain cytosol of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups, but significant difference between control and SFP-2.5 groups could be not obtained. GSHPx activities were considerably increased (5.3% and 11.7%, respectively) in brain cytosol of SFP-2.0 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. There results suggest that anti-aging effect of silk fibroin may play an effective learning and memory role in a attenuating a oxidative stress and increasing a scavenger enzyme activity in brain membranes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of silk fibroin (Mw 500)power (SFP) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups) added 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) levels resulted in a considerable decreases (5.8% and 8.4%, 3.7% and 11.1%, respectively) in liver motochondria and micorsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group, and $O_2$radical level was remarkably decreased about 15% and 20% in liver cytosol of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were significantly decreased (8.3% and 18.0%, 13.4% and 18.4%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were remarkably decreased about 11.6% in liver mitochondria of SFP-5.0 group compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities were remarkably in creased (17.6% and 28.8%, respectively) in mitochondria of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups, and Cu/Zn-SOD activities were also effectively in creased (about 14.4%) in liver cytosol of SFP-5.0 groups, but significant difference between GSHPx activity in liver cytosol of these two groups could be not obtained. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of silk fibroin may play an effective anti-aging role in a aattenuating a oxidative stress and increasing a scavenger enzyme activity in liver membranes.