• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.21-24
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• 2008

This study proposes a optimized shape of diffuser profile through investigating the scattering and diffusion characteristics of diffusers. The scattering coefficient according to ISO 17497-1 evaluates uniformity of reverberant sound field of late reflections, while the diffusion coefficient according to AES-4id-2001 evaluates polar response of early reflections. Thus both scattering and diffusion characteristics should contribute to design shape of diffusers to maximize physical performance. To find out design method, the previous results on hemisphere diffusers are reviewed. The frequency characteristics of scattering coefficients depended on the structural height of the diffusers, while amount of scattering coefficients depended on the surface coverage density of the diffusers. However absorptive properties also increased with augment of surface coverage density, thus optimum coverage density should be considered. For the directional diffuser, three types of 2D-diffusers are proposed; semicylinder of h=5mm, semi-truncated cone of h=5-25mm and semicylinder of h=25mm. As results, diffusers with the maximum height of 25mm show the highest scattering coefficients, while diffuser of h=5mm shows high scattering coefficients only at the high-frequency bands. Diffusion coefficient will be investigated for diffusive properties of the early reflection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.983-986
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• 2007

The absorption power of a surface depends on the surface irregularity which has been known as an important factor in determining scattering coefficient. This study investigates the effect of increase in surface area on the absorption and scattering coefficients of a diffuse surface. The surface irregularity or surface pattern can be compared to the wavelengths and the random-incidence scattering coefficient of surface is measured by ISO 17497-1. The scattering coefficients of increasing the surface area in linear pattern of v-cut groove on rubber plate were measured in 1:10 scale model reverberation chamber. It is found that the scattering and absorption coefficients increase with increasing surface area. At 60% of increased surface area the spacing between the hemisphere diffuser and the v-cut groove acts similar with results of absorption coefficient. The results show that absorption coefficient depends on surface area and the spacing where as scattering coefficient depends on surface area and texture.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2014

A general theory of scalar wave scattering by two separated particles is developed to give the coefficients of scattering and transmission in the form of recurrence formulae. Iterative applications of the formulae yield the coefficients in the form of power series of the coefficients obtained from single-particle scattering theories, and each term of the of power series can be interpreted as multiple scattering of the wave between the two particles in increasingly higher order.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.204-210
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• 2016

This paper presents an experimental analysis of the growth and oxidation processes of soot particles generated in an isooctane diffusive laminar flame due to incomplete combustion. The effects of iron-based diagnostics were employed to measure the elastic scattering light from soot particles in a flame at different flame heights, and the differential scattering coefficients were calculated through a calibration process. The growth and oxidation of soot particles in flame was investigated by comparing differential scattering coefficients, and the soot volume fraction was seen to decrease in the soot oxidation process. In the same manner, the differential scattering coefficients were calculated for iron-based fuel-additive seeded flame, and these coefficients were revealed to be smaller than those obtained in the fuel-additive unseeded flame. In addition, transmission through the radial direction of the flame was measured, and transmission in the soot oxidation regime was approximately 5% higher for the seeded flame. The propensity of the data coincided well with the differential scattering coefficients, and it can be concluded that the iron component of the fuel additive plays a crucial role as a catalyst, which eventually enhanced soot particle oxidation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.12 s.115
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• pp.1172-1180
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• 2006

The backscattering coefficients of a bare soil surface were measured using an R-band polarimetric scatterometer, which were used to verify the validities of scattering models and inversion algorithms. The soil moisture contents and the surface roughness parameters (the RMS height and correlation length) were also measured from the soil surface. The backscattering coefficients were obtained from several scattering models with these surface parameters, and the computation results were compared with the measured backscattering coefficients. The soil moisture contents of the surface were retrieved from the measured backscattering coefficients, and compared with the measured surface parameters. This paper shows how well the scattering models agree with the measurements, and also shows the inversion results.

• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.459-474
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• 2008

Aerosol scattering coefficients for three different wavelengths ($\lambda$=450,550,700 nm) are measured almost continuously by a nephelometer in Seoul for a period of 13 months (February 2007-February 2008), which includes two weeks break in August 2007 for measurements at Daegwallyeong and YoungJongdo. The mean of the daily average scattering coefficients at $\lambda$=550 nm is $194.1{\pm}144.2Mm^{-1}$ and the minimum and maximum are $14.3Mm^{-1}$ and $998.1Mm^{-1}$, respectively. The scattering coefficient shows a general increasing trend with atmospheric relative humidity (RH). When the data are classified according to weather conditions, the days with no major weather events show the smallest scattering coefficient and also the lowest RH. Surprisingly haze/fog days show the largest scattering coefficient and Asian dust days comes in second. Although the variation is large within a season, winter shows the largest and autumn shows the smallest scattering coefficient. The average ${\AA}ngstr{\ddot{o}}m$ exponent is $1.40{\pm}0.32$ for the entire Seoul measurement. As expected, Asian dust days show the smallest ${\AA}ngstr{\ddot{o}}m$ exponent and haze/fog days are the next, suggesting more efficient hygroscopic growth of aerosols for this weather condition. Aerosol scattering coefficient seems to show better correspondence with CCN concentration rather than total aerosol concentration, which may indicate that CCN active aerosols are also good scattering aerosols.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.357-363
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• 1999

A frequency domain spectroscopic system was constructed to investigate the optical properties of multiple scattering media. The alternating current (AC) and phase lag components of backscattered light were measured by using the heterodyne detection method. Absorption and transport scattering coefficients were computed from the values based on diffusion theory. Predictions showed excellent matches in comparison with actual values of absorption and scattering. Predictable ranges of the optical coefficients were analyzed in terms of the distance between light source and detector, and modulation frequencies. A proposed compact experimental set-up using laser diodes can be utilized to estimate non-invasively the optical properties of multiple scattering media such as biological tissues.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2021

With the development of package printing technology, the package has expanded from the basic function of protecting products to the marketing function through package design. Color, the visual element that composes the package design, is delivered to the consumer most quickly and effectively. As color marketing of these package designs expands, accurate color reproduction that the product wants to express is becoming more important. The color of an object is transmitted by absorption and scattering of light. Spectral reflectance refers to the intensity of light reflected by an object at different wavelengths by the spectral effect. As a result, the color of the object is expressed in various colors. Packaged printing inks have their own absorption and scattering coefficients, and the Kubelka-Munk model for color reproduction and prediction defines the relationship between these correlation coefficients through reflectance. In the Kubelka-Munk model for color reproduction and prediction, the relationship between the absorption and scattering coefficients (K/S) of printed material is predicted as the sum of the K/S values according to the mixing ratio of all color ink used. In this study, the reflectance of the measured print is reversely calculated at the mixing ratio of print ink using the Kubelka-Munk model. Through this, the relationship value of the ink-specific absorption/scattering coefficient constituting the final printed material is predicted. Delta E is derived through the predicted reflectance, and the similarity between the measured value and the predicted value is confirmed.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.162-168
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• 2003

The degree of diffusion, characterized by the "scattering coefficient" of surface materials, has been known to be one of the most important factors in determining the acoustical qualities of concert halls. Based on the suggested ISO method, which measures the random-incidence scattering coefficient of surfaces in a diffuse field, the scattering coefficients of different sizes and densities of wooden hemispheres and cubes were measured in model-scale reverberation rooms. As a result, wooden hemispheres with a structural depth of more than 15㎝ have the highest average (500㎐∼4㎑) scattering coefficient. It was also found that the scattering coefficient becomes higher when the diffuser density reaches about 50% for hemispheres and 30% for cubes.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2012

This paper presents a scattering model and measurements of backscattering coefficients for soybean fields. The polarimetric radar backscatters of a soybean field were measured using the ground-based X-band polarimetric scatterometer in an angular range from $20^{\circ}$ to $60^{\circ}$. The backscattering coefficients were also obtained using the COSMO-SkyMed (Spotlight mode, HH-polarization) from July to October 2010. The backscattering coefficients of the soybean field were computed using the 1st-order radiative transfer model (RTM) with field-measured input parameters. The soybean layer is composed of the stems, branches, leaves, and soybean pods. The stems, branches, and pods are modeled with lossy dielectric cylinders, the leaves are modeled with lossy dielectric disks. The estimated backscattering coefficients agree quite well with the field-measured radar backscattering coefficients.