• Advances in nano research
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.261-279
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• 2017

Spectroscopic investigation of Si quantum dots (Si-QDs) embedded in silicon nitride was performed over a broad stoichiometry range to optimize light emission. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition was used to grow the $SiN_x$ films on Si (001) substrates. The film composition was controlled via the flow ratio of silane ($SiH_4$) and ammonia ($NH_3$) in the range of R = 0.45-1.0 allowed to vary the Si excess in the range of 21-62 at.%. The films were submitted to annealing at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min in nitrogen to form the Si-QDs. The properties of as-deposited and annealed films were investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman scattering and photoluminescence (PL) methods. Si-QDs were detected in $SiN_x$ films demonstrating the increase of sizes with Si excess. The residual amorphous Si clusters were found to be present in the films grown with Si excess higher than 50 at.%. Multi-component PL spectra at 300 K in the range of 1.5-3.5 eV were detected and nonmonotonous varying total PL peak versus Si excess was revealed. To identify the different PL components, the temperature dependence of PL spectra was investigated in the range of 20-300 K. The analysis allowed concluding that the "blue-orange" emission is due to the radiative defects in a $SiN_x$ matrix, whereas the "red" and "infrared" PL bands are caused by the exciton recombination in crystalline Si-QDs and amorphous Si clusters. The nature of radiative and no radiative defects in $SiN_x$ films is discussed. The ways to control the dominant PL emission mechanisms are proposed.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2017

In this study, the characteristics of the dust emission according to the presence or absence of operation of the gas stove were analyzed by particle size analysis and density estimation while the mackerel was cooked while the fan was placed on the gas stove used in the home. The experiment was carried out using 20 mackerel of normal size at home. Commercially available canola oil was used as edible oil. In order to understand the characteristics such as particle size distribution of fine dust, light scattering measurement method which can be measured at intervals of several seconds was used. Particles generated by combustion of gas stove, particles formed by heating cooking oil, and particles generated by heating mackerel fish meat are judged to be nano size particles smaller than $1{\mu}m$. Therefore, it is necessary to use precise measurement method rather than the measurement method using the filter which is currently being measured in the measurement of the particles discharged from the fuel combustion or food cooking in the future. Analyzing the particle size and density of the dust emitted from the cooking stove is expected to contribute technically to the reduction of dust emissions from the cooking process of gas and fuel facilities at home and commercial facilities.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.471-474
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• 2006

Several planktonic dinoflagellates, including Cochlodinium polykrikoides (p), are known to produce red tides responsible for massive fish kills and serious economic loss in turbid Northwest Pacific (Korean and neighboring) coastal waters during summer and fall seasons. In order to mitigate the impacts of these red tides, it is therefore very essential to detect, monitor and forecast their development and movement using currently available remote sensing technology because traditional ship-based field sampling and analysis are very limited in both space and temporal frequency. Satellite ocean color sensors, such as Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), are ideal instruments for detecting and monitoring these blooms because they provide relatively high frequency synoptic information over large areas. Thus, the present study attempts to evaluate the red tide index methods (previously developed by Ahn and Shanmugam et al., 2006) to identify potential areas of red tides from SeaWiFS imagery in Korean and neighboring waters. Findings revealed that the standard spectral ratio algorithms (OC4 and LCA) applied to SeaWiFS imagery yielded large errors in Chl retrievals for coastal areas, besides providing false information about the encountered red tides in the focused waters. On the contrary, the RI coupled with the standard spectral ratios yielded comprehensive information about various ranges of algal blooms, while RCA Chl showing a good agreement with in-situ data led to enhanced understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of the recent red tide occurrences in high scattering and absorbing waters off the Korean and Chinese coasts. The results suggest that the red tide index methods for the early detection of red tides blooms can provide state managers with accurate identification of the extent and location of blooms as a management tool.

• 폴리머
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.332-341
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• 2013

H-shaped amphiphilic pentablock copolymers $(PSt)_2-b-PCL-b-PEO-b-PCL-b-(PSt)_2$ was synthesized via chemoenzymatic method by combining enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (eROP) of ${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone (${\varepsilon}$-CL) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene. By this process, we obtained copolymers with controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity. The structure and composition of the obtained copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and infrared spectroscopy analysis (IR). The crystallization behavior of the copolymers was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallization behavior of the H-shaped block copolymers demonstrated a PCL dominate crystallization. The self-assembly behavior of the copolymers was investigated in aqueous media. The hydrodynamic diameters of the copolymer micelles in aqueous solution were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The morphology of the copolymer micelles was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hydrodynamic diameters of spherical micelles declined gradually with the increase of the hydrophobic chain lengths of the copolymers. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values were determined from fluorescence emission, and it was found that the CMCs decreased with an increase of PSt hydrophobic block lengths.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1994년도 제6회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.50-50
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• 1994

Half-metallic Heusler alloys (NiMnSb, ppdMnSb, pptMnSb) have attracted much attention due to their unique electronic and magnetic structures. Sppin-ppolarized band structure calculation ppredicts metallic behavior for the majority sppin states and semiconductor behavior for the minority sppin states. We have studied the electronic structures of these half-metallic Heusler alloys by core-level pphotoemission sppectroscoppy of Mn 2pp and 3s XppS sppectra. We found large intensities of Mn 2pp satellites and 3s exchange spplitting comppared with other metal Mn-alloys. These satellite structure can be understood by applying Anderson imppurity model. This fact supports the calculated sppin pprojected ppartial density of states which suggests that the valence electrons be highly sppin ppolarized near Fermi level and that the electrons involved with charge-transfer be mainly minority sppin ones which have semiconducting band structure. The trend of charge transfer energies Δ from ligands (Sb 5pp) to Mn 3d, obtained from our model fitting, is consistent with that calculated from sppin pprojected ppartial density of state. Also the trend of d-d electron correlation energies U calculated from Mn Auger line L3 VV by Mg $K\alpha$ source is comppatible with that resulted from our model fitting. We fitted the Mn 3s curve in the same way as for insulating Mn comppounds by using the same pparameters calculated from Mn 2pp curve fitting exceppt for the Coulomb interaction energy Q between core hole and d-electrons. The 3s sppectra were analyzed by combing the charge transfer model and a simpple model taking into account the configuration mixing effect due to the intra-shell correlation. We found that the exchange interaction between 3s hole and 3d electrons is mainly respponsible for the satellite of Mn 3s sppectra. This is consistent with the neutron scattering data, which suggests local 3d magnetic moment. We find that the XppS analysis results of Mn 2pp and 3s satellite structures of half-metallic Heusler alloys are very similar to those of insulating transition metal comppounds.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.751-755
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• 2005

We propose a sound source localization method using the Head-Related-Transfer-Function (HRTF) to be implemented in a robot platform. In conventional localization methods, the location of a sound source is estimated from the time delays of wave fronts arriving in each microphone standing in an array formation in free-field. In case of a human head this corresponds to Interaural-Time-Delay (ITD) which is simply the time delay of incoming sound waves between the two ears. Although ITD is an excellent sound cue in stimulating a lateral perception on the horizontal plane, confusion is often raised when tracking the sound location from ITD alone because each sound source and its mirror image about the interaural axis share the same ITD. On the other hand, HRTFs associated with a dummy head microphone system or a robot platform with several microphones contain not only the information regarding proper time delays but also phase and magnitude distortions due to diffraction and scattering by the shading object such as the head and body of the platform. As a result, a set of HRTFs for any given platform provides a substantial amount of information as to the whereabouts of the source once proper analysis can be performed. In this study, we introduce new phase and magnitude criteria to be satisfied by a set of output signals from the microphones in order to find the sound source location in accordance with the HRTF database empirically obtained in an anechoic chamber with the given platform. The suggested method is verified through an experiment in a household environment and compared against the conventional method in performance.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.499-506
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 복합소재 교량용 방호울타리의 성능을 분석하였다. 복합소재 방호울타리는 SB4등급을 선정하였다. 복합소재의 적층을 고려하기 위해 LS-DYNA에서 제공하는 재료모델 MAT58을 사용하였다. 복합소재는 섬유와 수지의 종류 및 섬유의 방향에 따라 성능이 상이하다. 수지는 폴리우레탄, 섬유는 유리섬유를 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 섬유의 방향성이 다른 3가지 적층 설계안에 대해서 충돌 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 성능을 비교 평가하였다. 실차충돌 실무 업무편람에 따라 구조적 강도성능, 탑승자 보호성능, 충돌 후 차량의 거동, 가드레일의 비산에 대한 성능 평가를 실시하였다. 그 결과 적층 설계의 횡 방향 섬유의 양이 많아질수록 충돌 시뮬레이션에서 더 좋은 성능을 나타내었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.793-797
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• 2014

To develop a methodology for absolute determination of the surface areal density of functional groups on organic and bio thin films, medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) spectroscopy was utilized to provide references for calibration of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or Fourier transformation-infrared (FT-IR) intensities. By using the MEIS, XPS, and FT-IR techniques, we were able to analyze the organic thin film of a Ru dye compound ($C_{58}H_{86}O_8N_8S_2Ru$), which consists of one Ru atom and various stoichiometric functional groups. From the MEIS analysis, the absolute surface areal density of Ru atoms (or Ru dye molecules) was determined. The surface areal densities of stoichiometric functional groups in the Ru dye compound were used as references for the calibration of XPS and FT-IR intensities for each functional group. The complementary use of MEIS, XPS, and FT-IR to determine the absolute surface areal density of functional groups on organic and bio thin films will be useful for more reliable development of applications based on organic thin films in areas such as flexible displays, solar cells, organic sensors, biomaterials, and biochips.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2008

군 전술이 운영되는 산악 지형에 WiBro 시스템을 도입하기 위해서는 산악 지형에 대한 전파 예측 모델이 필요하다. 기존의 전파 모델은 도심 지역에 대한 모델이 대부분이며, 도심 지역과는 전파 환경이 다른 산악 지형에 대한 전파 모델은 부족하다. 본 논문에서는 군 전술 환경의 주를 이루는 산악 지형을 전파의 기본 메커니즘을 바탕으로 개활지, 수풀 지역, 산마루 회절 지역으로 분류하였으며, 분류된 환경에 대하여 측정을 수행하였다. 측정 결과를 바탕으로 모델링을 수행하였으며, 모델링 결과로부터 산악 지형에 적합한 전파 모델을 제시하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.814-820
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 두 단락 스터브를 갖는 이중 모드 링 공진기를 이용하여 높은 신호 선택도를 가지는 이중대역 대역통과 필터를 제안하였다. 링 공진기의 이중 모드 공진을 위하여 두 피드 라인을 커플링 커패시터를 통해 비직교 급전 각도를 가지도록 연결하였다. 서로 다른 두 길이를 가지는 두 단락 스터브를 링 공진기의 두 대칭면에 위치시킴으로써 이중 대역을 지원하는 여파기를 설계할 수 있었다. 급전 각도 섭동을 준 링 공진기와 제안한 이중대역 대역통과 필터는 대칭 구조이므로 Even/Odd 모드 해석을 통하여 산란계수와 전송 영점 주파수들을 도출할 수 있다. 제안한 이중대역 대역통과 필터는 IEEE 802.11n 기준의 WLAN 어플리케이션에 적용 가능하도록 설계 및 제작되었다. 측정 결과와 시뮬레이션 결과가 잘 부합하였고, WLAN 응용뿐만 아니라, 향후 다른 통신시스템에도 적용이 가능하리라 판단된다.