• 제목/요약/키워드: Scatchard plot

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Three Binding Sets Analysis of $\alpha$-Lactalbumin by Interaction of Tetradecy Trimethyl Ammonium Bromude

  • M.R.Housainfokht
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.145-148
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    • 2001
  • The interaction between tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) with bovine ${\alpha}-lactalbumin$ has been investigated at pH = 9 and at $37^{\circ}C$ by isothermal titration calorimetry, equilibrium dialysis and UV-Vis spectrophotometry methods. The binding data from unusual Scatchard plot have been analyzed in terms of the Hill equation for three sets of binding sites. The calorimetric data show that TTAB interacts endothermically with ${\alpha}-lactalbumin$ and causes protein unfolding below 2 mM concentration of TTAB, which is confirmed by spectrophotometric data. The unfolding of the protein would be mainly due to occupation of the second set of binding sites.

면역측정법을 이용한 식물 홀몬의 분석 I. 옥신(IAA)에 대한 단크론 항체 생산 (Analysis of Plant Hormones by Immunoassay I . Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to Indole- 3-acetic acid)

  • 황태익;임현옥;이재와
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제36권6호
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    • pp.506-512
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    • 1991
  • IAA에 대한 단크론 항체를 생산하고 이를 이용하여 생체중의 내생 IAA를 정량분석하기 위해 ELISA를 개발하고 본법을 사용하여 담배 종자 발아중 내생 IAA함량을 정량분석하였다. 그 결과는 1. IAA에 대한 단크론 항체 생산 세포주 3가지를 선발 작성하였으며 이 세포주로부터 생산되는 항체는 모두 IgG$_1$ 타입의 면역 글로블린이었다. 2. 상기 항체를 사용하여 ELISA를 수행하여 표준곡선을 작성하였던 바 검출 한계는 1pmol이었으며 검출 범위는 500pmol이었다 3. 표준곡선으로부터 작성한 Scatchard plot에 의한 친화 상수와 결합상수는 6.7$\times$$10^{-10}$ L/M과 6$\times$$10^{-10}$ L/M이었다. 4. 여러가지 IAA유사물질과 교차반응에 의해서 본 mAb는 특이성이 매우 높고 RIA에 의해서 고역가임을 확인하였다 5. 발아중인 담배종자로부터 면역측정에 의해서 내생 IAA를 정량분석하였다 6. 상기의 결과에 따라서 본 mAb를 이용하여 생체중의 내생 IAA를 간편하게 정밀 분석할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

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Receptor Cytoplasmic 영역에 의존하는 EGF의 고친화성 결합 (Dependence of High Affinity Binding of Epidermal Growth Factor on Receptor Cytoplasmic Domain)

  • 강용호
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.201-208
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    • 1992
  • 일부의 EGF receptor 에는 EGF 가 세포표면에서 receptor 와 결합할 때 보다 높은 친화력(high affinity)을 보이고 있는데 그 이유를 설명하기 위해서 EGF receptor 의 cytoplasmic 영역을 절단하여 EGF 와의 친화력을 측정하였다. Scatchard plot 의 결과 1022 아미노산 이하로 절단된 receptor 는 high affinity 특성을 상실하였다. Triton X-100로 세포막을 제거하여 cytoskeleton 이 EGF receptor 의 구조에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 cytoskeleton과 결합한 receptor 보다 EGF 에 대해서 더 높은 친화력을 보였다. 따라서 cytoskeleton 이 high affinity EGF receptor 를 형성하는데 영향을 미치고 receptor 와 cytoskeleton 의 가능한 결합부위는 1022-1186 아미노산 사이인 것 같다.

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칼슘 길항제의 혈장 단백결합에 미치는 Glycyrrhizic acid의 영향

  • 박혜정;이치호;신영희
    • 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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    • pp.343-343
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    • 1994
  • 1. 목 적 : 혈액 중에 존재하는 약물은 대부분 혈장 단백질과 결합하며, 비단백 결합성 약물만이 생체막을 통과하여 여러 조직에 분포되고, target eel1에서 약리학적 작용을 나타내며, 대사, 배설 될 수 있다. 단백결합율이 높은 약물일수록 비결합성 약물의 양은 적어지며, 따라서 비결합성 약물의 증가는 약효의 상승을 의미하게 된다. 최근 만성 질환에 한약의 병용투여가 증가하고 있다. 본 실험에서는 단백결합율이 높은 감초의 주성분인 Glycyrrhizic acid(GA)와 고혈압 치료제로 많이 사용되는 칼슘 길항제를 병용 투여할 경우, 칼슘 길항제의 혈장 단백결합에 미치는 영향을 살펴 보았다. 2. 방 법 : Diltiazem hydrochloride, Verapamil hydrochloride, Nifedipine 와 GA를 model 약물로 하여 평형 투석법과 한외 여과법을 이용하여 fatty acid free human serum albumin(HSA), Low density lipoprotein( LDL ), of-Acid glycoprotein(AAG), plasma 각각에 대한 결합율을 HPLC로 분석하였으며 또한 Scatchard plot를 이용하여 binding parameter를 구하였다. 3. 결과 및 고찰 : GA는 Diltiazem의 HSA와 plasma의 결합율에 영향을 미쳤으며, Verapamil의 HSA, LDL, AAG, Plasma 결합율에, 그리고 Nifedipine의 HSA, LDL, Plasma의 단백 결합율에 영향을 주었으며, 각각 n과 Ka값에 변화를 주었다.

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Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Protein Binding of Diltiazem, Verapamil, and Nifedipine

  • Lee, Kyoung-Jin;Park, Hye-Jeong;Shin, Young-Hee;Lee, Chi-Ho
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제27권9호
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    • pp.978-983
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    • 2004
  • The effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GLZ) on protein binding of diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine were investigated. Protein binding studies (human serum, human serum albumin (HSA) and (X1-acid glycoprotein (AAG)) were conducted using the equilibrium dialysis method with and without addition of GLZ. The binding parameters, such as the number of moles of bound drug per mole of protein, the number of binding sites per protein molecule, and the association con-stant, were estimated using the Scatchard plot. The serum binding of nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem was displaced with addition of GLZ, and the decreases of Ks for serum were observed. GLZ decreased the association constants of three drugs for HSA and AAG, while the binding capacity remained similar with addition of GLZ. Although the characteristics of interaction were not clear, GLZ seemed to mainly affect HSA binding of nifedipine rather than AAG binding, while GLZ seemed to affect both AAG- and HSA-bindings of verapamil and dilt-iazem resulting in a serum binding displacement.

Solubilization of an Angiotensin II Binding Site from Rat Liver

  • Chung, Sung-Hyun;Ravi Iyengar
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.231-236
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    • 1991
  • The high affinity binding sites for angiotensin II were solubilized from rat liver membranes by treatment with CHAPS. The binding protein was also partially purified by angiotensin III inhibitor-coupled Affi-gel affinity chromatography. Binding to the intact membrances as well as to the solubilized preparation was specific and saturable. According to the Scatchard plot, the membrane preparations exhibited a single class of high affinity binding sites with a Kd OF 0.71 nM. The solubilized preparation also showed the presence of a single class of bindings sites with less affinity (Kd of 14 nM). Meanwhile the competition studies using angiotensin II analogues represented two separate binding sites for angiotensin II and single binding site for antagonist. These latter findings were correlated to the results provided by Garrison's research group. More works are needed to clarify this discrepancy.

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Determination of Bovine Serum Albumin by Its Enhancement Effect of Nile Blue Fluorescence

  • Lee, Sang-Hak;Suh, Jung-Kee;Li, Ming
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.45-48
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    • 2003
  • A novel fluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of microgram quantities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) based on its enhancement effect of Nile Blue fluorescence at 670 nm, caused by binding of Nile Blue to BSA to produce a stable water soluble complex. The binding constant of micromole Nile Blue-BSA complex was estimated by Scatchard plot method. Under the optimal conditions, the increased fluorescence intensity was linearly related to BSA concentration in the range of 0.5-12.0 ㎍/mL. The detection limit was 0.2 ㎍/mL, and the relative standard deviation of six replicate measurements was 1.4% for 10.0 ㎍/mL BSA. There was little interference from amino acids, sugars and most of metal ions.

Binding Set Analysis for Interaction of Human Serum Albumin with Cethyl Trimethylammonium Bromide

  • Bordbar, Abdol-Khalegh;Sohrabi, Nasrin;Gharibi, Hossain
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.791-795
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    • 2004
  • The binding of cethyl trimethylammonium bromide, (CTAB) with human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated at 5 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.0, 27 $^{\circ}C$ and various ionic strength using ion selective membrane electrodes. This method is faster and much more accurate than equilibrium dialysis technique, so provides sufficient and accurate data for binding data analysis. A novel and simple method was introduced for resolution and characterization of binding sets on basis of binding capacity concept. The values of Hill binding parameters were estimated for each set and used for calculation of intrinsic binding affinity. The results interpreted on basis of nature of forces which interfered in the interaction and represent the existence of three and two binding sets for binding of CTAB at $10^{-4}$ and $10^{-3}$ M of NaBr, respectively.

풀빅산과 카드뮴(Ⅱ)과의 착화합 반응 : 풀빅산의 농도와 pH의 영향 (Complexation of Cadmium(Ⅱ) with Soil Fulvic Acid : Effect of pH and Fulvic Acid Concentration)

  • 최세영;정근호;전송희;문희정
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제38권8호
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    • pp.585-589
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    • 1994
  • 토양에서 추출하여 이화학적 성질을 잘 규명한 풀빅산과 카드뮴과의 착화합 반응을 풀빅산의 서로 다른 농도와 다양한 pH 조건하에서 이온 선택성 전극을 이용하여 연구하였다. 결합상수는 Scatchard Plot에 근거한 연속분포모델을 이용하여 구하였다. 이 모델은 결합자리의 성격에 대한 정보 없이도 자연산 유기 고분자의 결합 자리의 다양성을 잘 반영해 줄 수 있다. $logKi(\mu)$의 평균값은 pH가 높아질 수록(pH 4.0: ${\mu}=3.79{\pm}0.74\;l\;mol^{-1}$; pH 6.0: ${\mu}=4.51{\pm}0.78\;l\;mol^{-1}$) 풀빅산의 농도가 묽어질 수록 ([FA] = 50 $mgl^{-1}:{\mu}=4.16{\pm}0.60\;l\;mol^{-1};[FA]=151\;mgl^{-1}: {\mu}=3.75{\pm}0.56\;l\;mol^{-1}$)증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 가장 강한 결합자리의 결합에 대한 결합상수인 고유결합상수(logKint)는 pH 4.0과 pH 5.0에서 4.72 l $mol^{-1}$이었으며 pH 6.0에서는 6.03 l $mol^{-1}$으로 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다.

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Comparison of the Stability Constants of Cd(II)-, Cu(II)-, and Pb(II)-Humate Complexes

  • Choi, Se-Young;Moon, Hi-Chung;Jun, Song-Hui;Chung, Kun-Ho
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제15권7호
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    • pp.581-584
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    • 1994
  • A comparative investigation of the complexations of divalent metal ions (Cd, Cu, and Pb) by a well characterized soil humic acid (HA) from Okchun Metamorphic Belt was carried out in 0.05 M $KNO_3$ and pH of 4.5 using ion selective electrodes. A continuous distribution model based on the Scatchard Plot was used to determine the stability constants, because the constants obtained by this modeling technique takes the variations in binding energies into consideration without regards to the manner in which M(II) ion is bound on HA. The mean value of log $K_i$ were $4.05{\pm}0.60,\;4.92{\pm}0.36,\;and\;5.63{\pm}0.34\;{\ell}\;mol^{-1}$ for Cd(II)-, Pb(II), and Cu(II)-humate complexes respectively. The values of intrinsic constant (log $K_{int}$; binding at strongest site) were $7.12{\pm}0.30,\;6.59{\pm}0.32,\;and5.07{\pm}0.56\;{\ell}\; mol^{-1}$ in the order Cu(II) > Pb(II) > Cd(II) ion.