• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.729-733
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• 2001

We report a case of the cerebellar infarction and pons, medulla and mid brain infarction seen in a 30-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). SLE has been diagnosed at 1992, and treated with western medicine for 10 years. The patient with right hand tremor and dysarthria, as the symptoms of a cerebellar infarction, visited our hospital. During treatment, the patient constantly complained left knee pain, it turned out the bone infarction and ligament injury in the MRI scan at May, 18, 2001, that was the side effect of the long period steroid therapy. At June 1, 2001, the patient revealed quadriparesis, dysphagia and dizziness. So we took the brain MRI scan, it showed pons, medulla and mid brain infarction. As the consequence of the oriental treatments, the symptoms of SLE had the improvement and the values of BUN, Creatinine were improved. But the symptoms of the stroke were not much changed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2006

Background: A cervical transforaminal steroid injection is an effective therapeutic modality for radiculopathy of a herniated cervical disc or a cervical foraminal stenosis. However, there is some debate regarding the safety of the transforaminal approach under C-arm guidance compared with the posterior interlaminar approach. We report a new technique for cervical transforaminal steroid injection guided by MDCT. Methods: Patients presenting with radiating pain on their shoulder or arm were diagnosed using CT or MRI of a cervical herniated disc or a foraminal stenosis. Each patient whose symptoms were compatible with the image scan was enrolled in this study. They received a cervical transforaminal steroid injection under CT guidance, and the effectiveness and complications of this technique were evaluated over a 2-month period. Results: According to the CT scan, none of the participants had an internal jugular vein or a carotid artery invasion during the procedure. No vertebral artery injection was noted, and no patient developed a hematoma after the injection. The VAS score had improved significantly by 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the injection. Conclusions: While a conventional C-arm guided cervical transforaminal steroid injection does not appear to differentiate between the major vessels and structures in images, a CT guided approach is a more useful and safer technique for the precise placement of a needle.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08b
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• pp.1189-1192
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• 2007

We propose new driving schemes, asymmetry and long gap mode, of PDP having auxiliary electrode between scan and common electrode. For the asymmetric modes, the auxiliary electrode located nearly center of the primary electrodes is connected to the scan of common electrode during all periods of reset, address and sustain. For the long gap mode, it is electrically disconnected or maintained at dc voltage of Vs/2 during sustain period except the first several sustain pulses. The proposed structure and driving method can provide higher luminous efficacy by minimizing consumption energy. The effectiveness of the new driving schemes has been investigated for various Xe partial pressure conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.2080-2089
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• 1997

Recent evolution in compute technology makesthe multimedia processing widely availiable. Conventional storage systems do not meet the requirements of multimedia data. Several approaches were suggested to improve disk storing methods for them. Bocheck proposed a disk partitioning technique for multiple steams assuming that all steams have same retrieval intervals with the same amount data for each access. While Bocheck's one provides a good method for same period, it does not consider the case of different periods of continous media streams. This paper proposes a new partitioning technique in which a fixed number of blocks are assigned for stresms with different retrieval periodicity. The analysis shows this problem is the same as the one scheduling the steams into a given sequence. The simulation was done to compare the proposed m-sequence merge method with the conventional Scan-EDF and Partitioning methods.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.180-183
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• 2019

A 7-year-old, male Maltese dog with a body weight of 2.8 kg was presented with a history of hind limbs ataxia that progressed to tetraparesis over a one-month period. Based on physical and neurological examinations, tetraparesis with concomitant UMN signs, kyphosis and severe neck pain were identified. On MRI scan, we tentatively diagnosed this patient as a primary intramedullary spinal cord tumor. Therapy with lomustine plus hydroxyurea and prednisolone was initiated and the clinical signs rapidly improved. The patient was regularly checked by MRI scan and the range of the mass was gradually reduced to complete remission for 11 months. About 19 months after treatment, the patient showed anemia and hematochezia which suspected as adverse effects of chemotherapy. The condition was getting worse over 2 months and the patient suddenly expired 657 days after initial presentation. On histopathological examination, the spinal cord sample was identified as a neuronal atrophy without evidence of tumor cell.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2001

The characteristics of the reset and the address discharges of an alternating current Plasma Display Panel (ac PDP) were studied using 2-dimensional numerical discharge cell simulation. We investigated the wall charge variations during the reset discharge adopting ramping reset pulse and the subsequent addressing discharge. The roles of the ramping reset scheme can be divided into two stages, each electrode gathers wall charges during ramping-up of the initial stage and the built-up wall charges are lost during ramping-down of the later stage. Address discharge does not only change the wall charge distributions on the address and the scan electrodes but also on the sustain electrode. The increase in the wall charges on the sustain electrode was observed with the variation of the applied voltage to the sustain electrode during the address period. The increase of the applied voltage to the sustain electrode during the address period is expected to induce the decrease of the sustain voltage during the display period.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2019

Background/Objectives: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has generally an indolent character with a good prognosis. However, recurrence remains a major concern for the patients during their lifetime. Despite the slowly progressing character of PTC, recurrence can occur within a short period after initial surgery. This study aimed to determine the clinical findings and cause of recurrence in patients who underwent re-operative surgery due to neck node recurrence by reviewing the CT (computed tomographic) scan imaging of the recurrence of PTC retrospectively. Materials & Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients referred to Ajou University Hospital from January 2002 to January 2018. All patients had re-operative surgery due to neck node recurrence and CT scan results of preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow up. Over this period, 110 patients who underwent re-operation due to neck node recurrence with a CT scan were included in our cohort, resulting in a total of 220 re-operations. Results: The time from initial operation to first re-operation was examined in 110 patients. The median time to re-operation was 28 months, with a range of 4 months to 186 months. Most re-operations (82.7%) occurred within the first five years, 43.6% were in the first two years from the initial surgery. The result of the retrospective CT review showed newly developed cases (21,19.1%), missed diagnosis cases (42,38.2%), real recur cases after surgery (33,30.0%), and remnant lymph nodes (LNs) cases (14,12.7%). We further sub-analyzed 14 cases with remnant LNs. Reasons for remnant LNs included insufficient operation (N=5) and beyond general surgical extent. (N=9). Conclusion: Re-operation due to cervical lymph node recurrence is mostly a persistent disease. They included a missed diagnosis and incomplete operation. These finding may reduce the reoperation of cervical lymph node recurrence by accurate preoperative evaluation and complete surgical resection at the initial surgery.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of positron emission tomography with 2-[F-18] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in discrimination of response in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who treated with radiotherapy. Methods and Materials: Twenty-four patients who underwent FDG-PET scan before and after radiotherapy for no disseminated head and neck carcinoma at the Asan Medical Center between August 2001 and September 2002 were evaluate by prospective analysis. First FDG-PET scan performed before radiotherapy within 1 month, and second FDG-PET scan performed 1 month after radiotherapy. FDG-PET images were analyzed by standard uptake value (SUV). Follow-up period was more than 6 months. Results: The pretreatment SUV was 3.4-14.0 (median: 6.0) and posttreatment SUV was ground level-7.7 (median: 2.0). The overall sensitivity and specicity of FDG-PET to evaluate residual tumors in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were 94% and 94%. Conclusion: FDG-PET is effective in evaluation of radiation response in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We think that the timing of one month after finished radiotherapy FDG-PET scan was not too fast to evaluation of radiation response.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.889-898
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• 1997

Pulmonary Embolism can develop in variable conditions, and presents with nonspecific symptoms and signs. If diagnosis is delayed, it can be resulted in catastrophic results. Therefore, early diagnosis and adequate treatment is crucial in Pulmonary Embolism. Lung Perfusion Scan is useful screening test. Negative result can exclude pulmonary embolism. But, perfusion defects don't always mean pulmonary embolism. To find the better methods of interpretation of lung perfusion scan and To evaluate the clinical course and outcomes of the patients, in whom pulmonary embolism was suspected by lung perfusion scan, we reviewed the clinical records of 49 cases suspected by lung perfusion scan at Seoul National University Hospital during the period of January, 1995 to July, 1996. The results are as follows. First impression of cases in which PE was present at time of admission were pulmonary embolism (63%), heart diseases (26%), and pneumonia (11%) in orders. Underlying diseases of cases in which PE developed during admission were malignancy (36.5%), ICH (22.7%), sepsis (13.7%), and SLE (9.1%) in orders. The predisposing factors were operation (20%), cancer (16%), immobility (16%), connective tissue disease (16%), heart dis. (10%), old age (10%), and preg/pelvic dis. (8%) The results, of lung perfusion scan were HPPE 40 cases(26.8 %), IPPE 21 cases(14.1%), LPPE 88 cases (59.1%), and cases(%) of treatment in these cases were HPPE 34 cases(85%), IPPE 9 cases(42.9%), LPPE 0 case(0.0%). Treatments were heparin and warfarin (69.5%), heparin alone (8.2%), warfarin alone (2.0%), embolectomy (4.1%), thrombolytics (2.0%), IVC filter (2.0%), and no treatment (12.2%) In 34 cases (69.4%), follow up could be done, and 5 cases were recurred (10.2%). The causes of recurrence was incomplete anticoagulant therapy (3 cases) and recurrence of predisposing factor (2 cases). Expired case due to pulmonary embolism was one who was expired just before trial of thrombolytic therapy. Conclusion : Efforts should be made to shorten the interval from onset of Sx to Dx, ie, high index of suspision.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2006

Purpose: Conventional chest X-ray and pulmonary function test cannot sensitively detect inhalation injury. Bronchoscopy is known to be the gold standard but it is invasive method. We evaluated whether lung inhalation/perfusion scans can sensitively detect inhalation injury of fire victims. Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients (male 9, female 10, mean age 31.6 yr) of fire victims were enrolled in this study. Inhalation lung scan was performed 2 days later after inhalation injury with $^{99m}Tc$-technegas. Perfusion lung scan was performed 4 days later with $^{99m}Tc$- MAA (macroaggregated albumin). Follow up lung scans were performed 16 and 18 days later for each. Chest X-ray was performed in all patients and bronchoscopy was performed in 17 of 19 patients at the same period. Pulmonary function test was performed in 9 patients. Results: Four of 19 patients showed inhalation and perfusion defects and one showed inhalation defect but, normal perfusion scan findings. These five patients with abnormal scan findings showed abnormal bronchoscopic findings and severe respiratory symptoms. On chest X-ray, 2 of them had pulmonary tuberculosis and one of them showed pulmonary congestion. FEV1 /FVC was abnormal in 3 patients. On the follow up scan, all patients with abnormal initial scan findings showed improved findings and they had improved clinical state. Conclusion: Inhalation/perfusion lung scans can detect inhalation burn injury noninvasively in early stage and may be useful in therapeutic decision making and follow up of patients.