• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.185-192
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• 2016

Objectives Treatment response of bipolar disorders (BDs) to long-term mood stabilizers maintenance has not been well explored because of complicated clinical and treatment courses. This study aims at investigating long-term clinical response of BDs to lithium and/or valproate in a naturalistic setting of a tertiary-care university-affiliated hospital. Methods Subjects were 65 patients with bipolar I (BD-I) disorders who had been treated with lithium and/or valproate for more than two years at single bipolar disorder clinic. Long-term response to the best treatment based on treatment algorithms and the current clinical standard of care was retrospectively evaluated using the Alda Scale and the Clinical Global Impression Scale for use in bi-polar illness (CGI-BP). Patients were classified into full responder and partial/non responder groups based on the total score of the Alda Scale with the cut-off score generated from the frequentist mixture analysis of the authors' previous study. Results The mean duration of treatment with the index medication was 69.2 months. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were not different among three mood stabilizer groups (valproate, lithium, and combination groups). Twenty-one subjects were classified into full responder group (32.3%). Treatment response assessed by the Alda Scale and CGI-BP scores was not different between lithium and valproate groups. The Alda Scale scores were well correlated with the CGI-BP scores (p < 0.05). Conclusions One third of the patients showed a full response to the long-term lithium and/or valproate treatment in BD-I. The degree of response was similar between lithium and valproate groups.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.510-519
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• 2006

Purpose: To develop and validate a scale suitable and efficient scale for use in clinical practice as to assess pain in premature infants. Method: Pain indicators identified by observation of preform infants. A cohort of preform infants was studied prospectively to determine the construct validity, inter-rater reliability, and internal consistency of the scale. The PIPS uses four indicators of pain: corrected gestational age, heart rate, oxygen saturation, behavioral state. The validation study included 45 premature infants with gestational age of 37 weeks or less. Results: The inter-rater reliability of the PIPS was acceptable, with Pearson correlations ranging from.720 to.970. Internal consistency was high: Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from.551 to.653. There was a strong correlation between the PIPS and PIPP scores (each researcher's r=.743, each indicator's r=.914). Although gestational age showed no association between these factors and the sum, the other variables were positively associated with the sum. Time needed to calculate PIPS scores is was less than Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scores(p<.000). Conclusion: The validation data suggest that the PIPS is appropriate and efficient for assessing pain in premature infants. Further studies are required about to determine appropriate interventions for each pain score on the PIPS.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to develop an employee's stress response scale (ESRS) and examine its validity and reliability. Methods : The study was conducted as follows : item generation, and test of validity and reliability. Items were developed via literature review, review of instruments, and data acquired from email-survey of counselors in the field of Employee Assistance Program (EAP). In order to test validity and reliability, data were collected from 400 employees. Results : The result of exploratory factor analysis of ESRS suggested 4 factor structures (work-related, anger, somatization, depression & anxiety) with a total of 25 items. ESRS showed a relatively strong positive correlation with Hospital Anxiety-Depression scale (HAD), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Psychological Wellbeing Index (PWI), which showed ESRS had high convergent validity. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and test-retest reliability was .95 and .610 respectively. Conclusion : The ESRS is reliable and valid brief scale for measuring stress responses of employees. This scale would be useful in quantitatively evaluating job stress in workplace.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

Ferritic stainless steels for the SOFC interconnect applications are required to possess not only a good oxidation resistance, but also a high electrical conductivity of the oxide scale that forms during exposure at the SOFC operating environment. In order to understand the effects of alloying elements on the oxidation behavior of ferritic stainless steels and on the electrical properties of oxide scales, two kinds of commercial ferritic stainless steels, STS 430 and STS 444, were investigated by performing isothermal oxidations at $800^{\circ}C$ in a wet air containing 3% $H_{2}O$. The results showed that STS 444 was superior to STS 430 in both of the oxidation resistance and the area specific resistance. Although STS 444 contained a less amount of Mn for the $(Mn,Cr)_{3}O_{4}$ spinel formation than STS 430, the minor alloying elements of Al and Mo in STS 444, which were accumulated in the base metal region adjacent the scale, were suggested to reduce the scale growth rate and to enhance the scale adherence to the base metal.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2007

Objective : To report cases of patients with Parkinson's syndrome. Design : Case-series Patients and methods : 35 of patients with Parkinson's syndrome who visited Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center were treated by acupuncture and herbal medicine from May until December 2007. 35 patients were participated in this study. 21 patients were dropped out during the trial, and we evaluated symptom progress of 14 patients by using several questionnaires such as Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), modified Hoehn & Yahr stage (H&Y stage) and Schwab & England ADL scale(S&E ADL scale). Results : The whole group consists of 14 male patients and 21 female patients. Mean±SD age range is 64.5±8.4. There were no significant differences of the demographic and clinical characteristics between the case group and drop-out group. The mean±SD medical treatment period of the Case group were 8.4±6.3weeks, the mean±SD of the total score in first medical treatment UPDRS section 1~3 were 29.6±11.0, the mean±SD of the final score were 27.1±12.6, all of which showed significant improvement(p=0.007). There were no significant changes on the H&Y stage and S&E ADL scale. Conclusion : Patients with Parkinson's syndrome who visited Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic diseases of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center had a tendency of showing improvement in clinical symptoms.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2020

Purpose: The study aims to assess the inter-rater reliability of the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale between the research nurses and the triage nurses. Methods: Interrater reliability was measured on 400 adult (≧15) and 400 pediatric (<15) patients who visited the emergency medical center from January 4 to June 30, 2018. Results: The study result showed that the inter-rater reliability of the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale was substantial, with κ=.73 (95% Confidence interval= .68-.78) and 77.0 percent agreement. The inter-rater of Pediatric Korean Triage and Acuity Scale was also substantial, with κ=.76 (95% Confidence interval= .71-.82) and 83.8 percent agreement. Conclusion: Although the inter-rater reliability of the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale was acceptable, the percent agreement was lower than the desirable level (<80.0%). It was confirmed that Pediatric Korean Triage and Acuity Scale had an acceptable level of inter-rater reliability and percent agreement for clinical use. Efforts should be made to improve the reliability in the future.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2013

Wheelchair users have a difficulty in managing their weight because there is lack of measure systems and even though the users have the system, it costs too much. Thus, purpose of this study is for developing the portable weight scale automatic device to help wheelchair users by monitoring their weight on the wheelchairs in real time. Portable weight scale automatic device composed by four strain gauges, and the device was connected with mobile phone so that wheelchair users were able to check their weight in real time. In order to evaluate the device performance, 10 normal subjects and 10 disabled subjects participated in this study. The subjects' truth weight and measured weight by the device are compared. The weigh difference within normal subjects was $0.75{\pm}0.80kg$, and the weigh difference within disabled subjects was $1.02{\pm}0.74kg$. Difference between the truth weigh and the measured weigh were not statistically different. The reason for this error occurred is inaccuracy of the loadcell installation and calibration. If this problems get solved, the measured indicator is expected to help wheelchair users to manage their weight.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.55-56
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• 2002

Nanotribological characteristics of hydrophobic surfaces were studied experimentally using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Two kinds of thiolic self-assembled monolayers (SAM) having different spacer chains and their mixture were deposited onto gold-coated mica, where the deposited SAM resulted in the hydrophobic nature. Results showed that the mixed thiolic SAMs resulted in low adhesion and friction in nano-scale contact. It was argued that the water wetting characteristics played a central role on nano-scale adhesion and friction. Also the effect of mixing the thiolic SAMs were discussed on the basis of real area on contact and the stiffness of the SAM layers.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.567-569
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• 2003

Because of the limited land resources, an efficient land use management to reach the sustainable development policy has become an urgent call in Taiwan. A long-term project entitled 'National land use monitoring program-the establishment of a land use change detection system' has been jointly conducted by both National Central University and Ministry of Interior since year of 2001. The main aim of the project is to use the remote sensing images to detect the land use changes on a national scale. This plan has been put into practice and indeed provides an effective assistance for land management.