• 제목/요약/키워드: Sawtooth

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SAWTOOTH 진동 중에 발생한 바깥 방사선 벨트 외경계면 진동 (OSCILLATIONS OF THE OUTER BOUNDARY OF THE OUTER RADIATION BELT DURING SAWTOOTH OSCILLATIONS)

  • 김재훈;김경찬;이대영;김희정
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.217-226
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    • 2006
  • 이 논문에서는 먼저 정지궤도에서 관측된 세 개의 Sawtooth 진동 이벤트를 보고한다. Sawtooth 진동에서는 수십에서 수백 keV 에너지대의 자기권 대전입자 플럭스가 평균 $2{\sim}3$시간의 주기로 반복적으로(10여 차례 내외) 증감한다. 플럭스가 증가 할 때는 매우 급격히 증가하고 그 후 다음 증가 때까지 서서히 감소하는 특징을 보이는데 이러한 반복적 플럭스 증감을 시간에 대한 그래프로 나타내면 마치 톱니 모양을 갖는다. 다음으로 이러한 각 Sawtooth 진동 이벤트 기간에 대해 바깥 방사선 벨트 외경계면의 변화를 연구하였다. 이를 위해 SAMPEX 저궤도 위성이 관측한 상대론적 전자 플럭스 자료를 이용하였다. 이 관측 자료를 이용하여 바깥 방사선 벨트 외경계면 위치의 L값을 결정하고 각 Sawtooth 진동 이벤트 기간 동안의 경계면 L값의 변화를 분석하였다. 분석 결과로서 바깥 방사선 벨트 외경계면이 Sawtooth 진동 각 톱니 주기에 맞추어 팽창과 수축을 반복하는 진동을 발견하였다. 구체적으로, Sawtooth 입자 플럭스가 증가 한 직후에는 바깥 방사선 벨트 외경계면이 더 밖으로 팽창하고, 그 후 Sawtooth 입자 플럭스가 다음 주기 전까지 서서히 감소하는 동안에는 다시 방사선 벨트 외경계면이 수축하는 것을 발견하였다. 한편 Sawtooth 입자 플럭스 증가 시에는 주야간 지역간의 자기권 자기장 비대칭 정도가 감소하고, 반대로 입자 플럭스 감소 시에는 주야간 지역간의 자기권 자기장 비대칭 정도가 증가하는 특징이 반복적으로 나타났다. 이로 인해 바깥 방사선 벨트 외경계면도 주기적으로 변하는 것으로 생각된다.

A Simplified Daylight Prediction Method for Designing Sawtooth Aperture

  • Kim, Kang-Soo;Lee, Jin-Mo
    • Architectural research
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 2000
  • The sawtooth skylight is an excellent daylighting concept for the uniform interior illuminance over large working areas. In computer simulation, it is difficult for an architect to get accurate daylight illuminances for the spaces where sawtooth apertures are applied. In this study, daylight prediction algorithms for sawtooth apertures are developed. The flux transfer method is applied for this study to predict daylight illuminances. The simplified equations from this study can be used effectively for preliminary prediction of daylight in sawtooth spaces.

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Sawtooth Fingered Comb Drive Actuator for Greater Displacement

  • Ha Sang Wook;Oh Sang-Woo;Hahm Ju-Hee;Kim Kwon Hee;Pak James Jungho
    • KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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    • 제5C권6호
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    • pp.264-269
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    • 2005
  • The electrostatic comb drive actuator is one of the main building blocks in the field of micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). Most of the comb actuators presented previously have fingers that are rectangular in shape which produce a stable, constant force output during actuation. The use of sawtooth fixed fingers in a comb drive, which were presumed to produce an increasing force output with displacement due to the increased number of regions where fringing force, the driving force of comb actuators, appear. The dimensions of the sawtooth were derived from finite element analysis (FEA) of simplified finger models with sawtooth type fingers of various dimension and were compared to the rectangular finger model that showed that the sawtooth type fingers have $7\~9$ times stronger driving force. Finally, comb drive actuators with sawtooth type and rectangular fingers were fabricated and although the gap was bigger, the comb actuator with sawtooth type fingers showed about 1.7 times greater electrostatic force than the one with rectangular fingers at equal driving voltages. In conclusion, using the proposed sawtooth type comb fingers in a comb drive makes it possible to increase its displacement or reduce the driving voltage.

Sawtooth 진동 현상과 지자기 폭풍의 통계적 관계 (Statistical Relationship between Sawtooth Oscillations and Geomagnetic Storms)

  • 김재훈;이대영;최정림;허영태;한진욱;홍순학
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 2008
  • 이 논문에서는 2000년부터 2004년까지 발생한 지자기 폭풍과 Sawtooth 진동 현상의 통계적 관계에 대해 연구하였다. 먼지 이 시기에 발생된 154건의 지자기 폭풍을 Dst 지수를 이용하여 선별하였으며 특히 선별된 지자기 폭풍이 코로나 물질 분출(Coronal Mass Ejection; CME), Corotating Interaction Region(CIR) 등 어떤 유도체에 의해 발생되었는지 구분하였다. 또한 같은 $2000{\sim}2004$년 기간에 대해 정지궤도 고에너지 대전 입자 플럭스 자료를 통해 Sawtooth 진동 현상 사례 48건을 선별하였다. 이 두 종류의 현상에 대한 통계적 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 총 154건의 지자기 폭풍 중에서 47건(약 30%)이 Sawtooth 진동 현상을 동반하는 지자기 폭풍이었다. 또한 총 48건의 Sawtooth 진동 현상 사건 중 단 1건의 경우를 제외하고 모든 Sawtooth 현상이 지자기 폭풍 기간 동안 발견되었다. 그리고 Sawtooth 진동을 동반하는 지자기 폭풍은 그 유도체가 CIR인 경우(약 30%) 보다는 CME인 경우(약 62%)가 더 많았다. 이외에도 Sawtooth 진동 현상은 CME에 의한 지자기 폭풍의 경우에는 주로(약 82%) 주상기간(Main Phase)에 발생하였지만 CIR에 의한 지자기 폭풍의 경우에는 주로(약 78%) 회복기간(Recovery Phase)에 발생하였다. 다음으로 지자기 폭풍을 유발하는데 중요한 요소인 행성간 자기장 IMF (Interplanetary Magnetic Field)의 남쪽 방향 성분 Bz 및 태양풍의 속도가 Sawtooth 진돌 발생기간 중 어떤 평균적인 특징을 갖는지 조사하였다. 대부분의 Sawtooth 진동 현상은 IMF Ba가 -15nT에서 0 사이이고, 태양풍 속도가 $400{\sim}700km/s$인 상태에 해당한다. 또한 IMF Bz의 강도는 Sawtooth 진동 기간 동안에 대전 입자 플럭스 증가의 횟수와 약한 상관관계가 있음을 발견하였다.

소형단발비행기 상승성능 확인을 위한 비행시험방안 연구 (Study on climb performance flight test techniques for small airplane)

  • 김필수
    • 항공우주시스템공학회지
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.39-44
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    • 2013
  • On this study, climb performance related airworthiness requirements for small airplane on KAS Part 23 and flight test techniques for climb performance (Sawtooth climb) are introduced. Also, applicable procedures, test conditions and required test parameters of sawtooth climb flight test techniques are reviewed.

고장력강의 부식피로균열전파에 미치는 하중파형의 영향과 양극용해기구의 역할 (Effect of Stress Waveform on Corrosion Fatigue Crack Propagation in High Strength Steels-the Role of Anodic Dissolution Mechanism)

  • 하회석;이성근
    • 한국해양공학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.147-155
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    • 1993
  • The effect of stress waveforms on corrosin fatigue and the role of dissolution mechanism in 3NilCr steel and 20Ni maraging steel have been investigated in aerated 3% NaCl solution and synthetic seawater under sinusoidal, triangular, square, positive sawtooth, negative sawtooth, and trapezoidal stress waveforms with open circuit at frequency of 1Hz and stress ratio of 0.1. The crack growth rates under square waveform were substantially lower than under sinusoidal and triangular waveforms, but the crack growth rates under sinusoidal waveform were slightly higher under triangular waveform. For a given frequency the growth rates under the positive sawtooth waveform are higher than those under the negative sawtooth waveform. The fatigue crack growth rates of most specimens were in good agreement with the values calculated by the model based on the dissoultion mechanism.

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Effect of film liner packaging with chlorine dioxide on the storage quality of containergrown or bare-root seedlings at cold or frozen temperatures in sawtooth oak and Japanese larch

  • Yu-Rim, Kim;Min-Seok, Cho;Byung-Bae, Park;Jong-Pil, Chun
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.753-760
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    • 2021
  • This study was carried out to discover suitable packaging methods during the cold or frozen storage of sawtooth oak and Japanese larch seedlings, which are major afforestation tree species in Korea. The weight loss rate of sawtooth oak was lower under frozen storage at -2℃ (maximum, 33.7%) than under cold storage at 2℃ (maximum, 61.0%). A film liner treatment inside the packaging box effectively suppressed the increase in the weight loss rate. For the sawtooth oak containerized seedlings, when stored at -2℃, the rate of weight loss was 17.9 to 25.4% in the untreated group and less than 1% in the film liner treatment group. Similar results were observed with Japanese larch. After two months of freezing at -2℃, both species maintained a low index of 1.0 - 1.1 with regard to the degree of shoot desiccation of containerized seedlings, and there was no significant difference between the treatments. On the other hand, the chlorine dioxide treatment could more effectively reduce the occurrence of mold and shoot desiccation than a PE single treatment in bare-root seedlings. According to these results, it was concluded that frozen storage is generally suitable as a means of long-term storage compared to cold storage of sawtooth oak and Japanese larch. A chlorine dioxide treatment at 20 ppm was effective for maintaining seedling quality levels during storage, demonstrating the good effect of suppressing the occurrence of shoot desiccation and the occurrence of mold.

Effect of a 20 kHz Sawtooth Magnetic Field Exposure on the Estrous Cycle in Mice

  • Jung, Kyung-Ah;Ahn, Hae-Sun;Lee, Yun-Sil;Gye, Myung-Chan
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.398-402
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    • 2007
  • Abstract Female mice post weaning were exposed to 20 kHz sawtooth electric and magnetic fields (EMF) with $6.25{\mu}T$ peak intensity for 6 weeks. Estrous cycles were checked using vaginal smears over the last 10 days of the experimental period. The vaginal smears from EMF-exposed mice revealed an increase in the frequency of one or two phases persisting. The number of estrous cycles less than 1 was more in the EMF-exposed group than in the sham control group. Furthermore, in the EMF-exposed group, the duration of proestrous and metestrous stages of the estrous cycle was significantly increased compared with the control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that exposure to 20 kHz sawtooth EMF may affect normal cycling of the estrous cycle by disrupting the female reproductive endocrine physiology. We should not disregard the possible adverse reproductive effect of the 20 kHz sawtooth EMF generated under the occupational exposure situation in females.