• Advances in environmental research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2015

The groundwater is a very important part of the environment and must be protected for the benefit of the present and future generation. The contamination of soil and groundwater by chemicals has become an increasing concern in the recent past. These chemicals enter the groundwater system by a wide variety of mechanisms, including accidental spills, land disposal of domestic and industrial wastes and application of agricultural fertilizers. Once introduced into an aquifer, these contaminants will be transported by flowing groundwater and may degrade water quality at nearby wells and streams. For improving the management and protection of groundwater resources, it is important to first understand the various processes that control the transport of contaminants in groundwater. Predictions of the fate of groundwater contaminants can be made to assess the effect of these chemicals on local water resources and to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial actions. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the behaviour of solute transport through porous media using laboratory experiments. Sodium chloride was used as a conservative chemical in the experiment. During the experiment, pulse boundary condition and continuous boundary conditions were used. Experimental results have been presented for conservative solute transport in the sand. The pattern of the break through curve remains almost same in all the cases of varying flow rate and initial concentration of conservative chemical.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2023

In the developing country like India, groundwater is the main sources for household, irrigation and industrial use. Its contamination poses hydro-geological and environmental concern. The hazardous waste sites such as landfills can lead to contamination of ground water. The contaminants existing at such sites can eventually find ingress down through the soil and into the groundwater in case of leakage. It is necessary to understand the process of migration of pollutants through sub-surface porous medium for avoiding health risks. On this backdrop, the present paper investigates the behavior of pollutants' migration through porous media. The laboratory experiments were carried out on a soil-column model that represents porous media. Two different types of soils (standard sand and red soil) were considered as the media. Further, two different solutes, i.e., non-reactive and reactive, were used. The experimental results are simulated through numerical modeling. The percentage variation in the experimental and numerical results is found to be in the range of 0.75- 11.23 % and 0.84 - 1.26% in case of standard sand and red soil, respectively. While a close agreement is observed in most of the breakthrough curves obtained experimentally and numerically, good agreement is seen in either result in one case.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.203-221
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• 2016

The present study deals with the numerical modelling for the one dimensional contaminant transport through saturated homogeneous and stratified porous media using meshfree method. A numerical algorithm based on element free Galerkin method is developed. A one dimensional form of the advectivediffusive transport equation for homogeneous and stratified soil is considered for the analysis using irregular nodes. A Fortran program is developed to obtain numerical solution and the results are validated with the available results in the literature. A detailed parametric study is conducted to examine the effect of certain key parameters. Effect of change of dispersion, velocity, porosity, distribution coefficient and thickness of layer is studied on the concentration of the contaminant.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2018

The presence of the pore fluid strongly influences the reponse of the soil subjected to external loading and in many cases increases the risk of final failure. In this paper, we propose the use of a discrete beam lattice model with the aim to investigate the coupling effects of the solid and fluid phase on the response and failure mechanisms in the saturated soil. The discrete cohesive link lattice model used in this paper, is based on inelastic Timoshenko beam finite elements with enhanced kinematics in axial and transverse direction. The coupling equations for the soil-pore fluid interaction are derived from Terzaghi's principle of effective stresses, Biot's porous media theory and Darcy's law for fluid flow through porous media. The application of the model in soil mechanics is illustrated through several numerical simulations.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.388-395
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• 1986

Numerical solutions of two-dimensional, steady, and natural are investigated in a confined rectangular cavity with porous media. The saturated fluid is bounded by two isothermal vertical walls at different temperatures and two adiabatic horizontal walls. Governing equations are numerically solved by finite difference method with the up wind scheme. Distributions of streamline and temperature we. predicted for aspect ratios ranging from 0.1 to 1.0, Rayleigh numbers 50 to $10^4$, and tilt angles $0^{\circ}\;to\;60^{\circ}$. Representative plots of temperature and velocity field according to tilt angle are presented. The effects of aspect ratio, Rayleigh number, and tilt angle on local and average Nusselt numbers are obtained. The optimum conditions for maximum Nusselt number are also presented with tilt angles.

• 지질공학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2003

지반을 대상으로 지하수의 이동 및 오염물질 침투에 대한 평가를 위해, 지반을 구성하고 있는 매질의 공극률과 유효공극률을 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이들은 물질 이동을 결정하는 중요한 물리적 파라메터이다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 유전율 시스템인 FOR-V (Frequency domain reflectometry with vector network analyzer)를 적용하여 표준사 (Standard sand)와 강모래 (River sand)에 대한 공극률 및 유효공극률을 측정하기 위한 실험적 연구를 실시하였다. 또한, 이들을 측정하기 위해, 다공질 매질에 대한 유전율상수의 특성을 고려한 유전율 믹싱모델 (dielectric FDR-V 시스템을 적용한 주입실험 (Injection test)과 주입물질의 농도를 측정하는 치환실험 (Replacement test)을 수행하였다. 두 종류의 실험 결과치를 비교한 결과, 측정된 유효공극률을 공극률과 비교해 보면, 약 85 - 92 %의 범위 내에 존재하는 것으로 측정되었다. 일반적인 흙의 유효공극률은 공극률에 대해 약 90 % 범위 내에 분포하고 있는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 본 연구에서는 다소 낮은 결과치를 보이고 있다. 이러한 현상은 시스템의 측정 프로브의 측정 범위가 직경 0.36 cm의 동축측정프로브 끝부분에서 이루어져 비교적 작기 때문에 제작된 흙 시료전 체적에 대한 유효공극률의 결과치이기 보다는 프로브가 위치한 지점에 대한 측정치로 판단된다. 이러한 측정 프로브의 특성을 고려해 볼 때, FDR-V 시스템은 연구자가 의도한 연구에 따라 특정 지점에 대한 지반의 정밀한 물리적 특성을 파악할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제2권
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• pp.13-24
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• 1991

The governing partial differential equation of flow in porous media is developed on the bases of the continuity equation of fluid for transient flow through a saturated-unsaturated zone, and substitution of Dercy's law. The numerical solution is obtained by the Galerkin finite element method based on the principle of weighted residuals. The analysis is carried out by using the unsteady storm data observed and the functional relationships between the hydraulic conductivities, capillary pressure heads, and volumetric water contents under saturated-unsaturated conditions. As the results the hydraulic conductivities, rates of change of storage and initial moisture conditions are significantly influened on the responses of subsurface flow on a hillslope.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 ABAQUS(2014)를 이용한 다공질 매체의 혼합유한요소해석에서 요소 간의 분리를 모사할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. ABAQUS에서는 변위과 간극수압(u-p모델)의 자유도를 갖는 혼합유한요소의 분리를 standard(implicit) 버전 상에서 cohesive element와 함께 해석을 제안하지만, 요소 간의 이탈, 강체운동, 접촉 등과 같은 분리현상에 대해서는 경계조건 문제로 수치 해석상 한계가 있다. ABAQUS-explicit 해석에서는 경계조건 문제에 대해 자유롭지만 지금까지의 혼합요소 간의 분리를 제공하고 있지 않다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 ABAQUS-explicit 상에서 u-p 모델에 대한 분리를 모사할 수 있는 새로운 접근방법이 제안된다. VUMAT 서브루틴을 통하여 구성모델이 적용되고, 간극수압 변화에 따른 요소의 분리 조건을 판단한다. 그리고 VDISP 서브루틴을 통하여 요소의 분리를 발생시킨다. 이렇게 제안된 알고리즘은 간단한 2차원 다공질 매체 예제를 통하여 구현된다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.911-930
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• 2016

The main purpose of this paper is to study the effects of initial stress, gravity, anisotropy and porosity on the propagation of shear wave (SH-waves) in a fiber-reinforced layer placed over a porous media. The frequency equations in a closed form have been derived for SH-waves by applying suitable boundary conditions. The frequency equations have been expanded and approximated up to $2^{nd}$ order of Whittaker's function. It has been observed that the SH-wave velocity decreases as width of fiber-reinforced layer increases. However, with the increase of initial stress, gravity parameter and porosity, the phase velocity increases. The results obtained are in perfect agreement with the standard results investigated by other relevant researchers.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.793-803
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• 2018

Based on the theory of porous media, an interaction system of a floating pile and a saturated soil in cylindrical coordinates subjected to vertical harmonic load is presented in this paper. The surrounding soil is separated into two distinct layers. The upper soil layer above the level of pile base is described as a saturated viscoelastic medium and the lower soil layer is idealized as equivalent spring-dashpot elements with complex stiffness. Considering the cylindrically symmetry and the pile-soil compatibility condition of the interaction system, a frequency-domain analytical solution for dynamic impedance of the floating pile embedded in saturated viscoelastic soil is also derived, and reduced to verify it with existing solutions. An extensive parametric analysis has been conducted to reveal the effects of the impedance of the lower soil base, the interaction coefficient and the damping coefficient of the saturated viscoelastic soil layer on the vertical vibration of the pile-soil interaction system. It is shown that the vertical dynamic impedance of the floating pile significantly depends on the real stiffness of the impedance of the lower soil base, but is less sensitive to its dynamic damping variation; the behavior of the pile in poro-visco-elastic soils is totally different with that in single-phase elastic soils due to the existence of pore liquid; the effect of the interaction coefficient of solid and liquid on the pile-soil system is limited.