• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.181-186
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• 2003

The satellite navigation system is widely used for identifying a user's position regardless of weather or geographic conditions and also make effect on new technology of marine LBS(Location Based Service), which has the technology of geographic information such as the ENC. Generally, there are conceivable systems of marine LBS such as ECDIS, or ECS that use the ENC itself with powerful processor in installed type on ships bridge. Since the ENC is relatively heavy structure with dummy format for data transfer between different systems, we should reduce the ENC to small and compact size in order to use it in mobile platform. In this paper, we assumed that the mobile system like PDA, or Webpad can be used for small capability of mobile platform. However, the ENC should be updated periodically by update profile data produced by HO. If we would reduce the ENC without a consideration of update, we could not get newly updated data furthermore. As summary, we studied considerations for ENC reduction with update capability. It will make the ENC be useful in many mobile platforms for various applications.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.117-136
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• 1994

Contemporary global space economy is so dynamic that any one specific structural force can not explain the whole dynamic processes or trajectories of spatial industrial development. The major purpose of this paper is extending the traditional notion of industrial districts to functioning and development of new industrial districts with relation to the development of high technology industries. Several dynamic forces, which are dominated in new industrial districts in the modern space economy, are incorporated in the formation and dynamic aspects of new industrial districts. Even though key forces governing Marshallian industrial district are localization of small firms, division of labor between firms, constructive cooperation, and industrial atmosphere, Marshall points out a possibility of growing importance of large firms and non-local networks in the districts with changes of external environments. Some of Italian industrial districts can be regarded as Marshallian industrial districts in broader context, but the role of local authorities or institutions and local embeddedness seem to be more important in the Italian industrial districts. More critical implication form the review of Marshallian industrial districts and Italian industrial districts is that the industrial districts are not a static concept but a dynamic one: small firm based industrial districts can be regarded as only a specific feature evolved over time. Dynamic aspects of new industrial districts are resulting from coexistence of contrasting forces governing the functioning and formation of the districts in contemporary global space economy. The contrasting forces governing new industrial districts are coexistence of flexible and mass production systems, local and global networks, local and non-local embeddedness, and small and large firms. Because of these coexistence of contrasting forces, there are various types of new industrial districts. Nine types of industrial districts are identified based on local/non-local networks and intensity of networks in both suppliers and customers linkages. The different types of new industrial districts are described by differences in production systems, embeddedness, governance, cooperation and competition, and institutional factors. Out of nine types of industrial districts, four types - Marshallian; suppliers hub and spoke; customers hub and spoke; and satellite - are regarded as distinctive new industrial districts and four additional types - advanced hub and spoke types (suppliers and customers) and mature satellites (suppliers and customers) - can be evolved from the distinctive types and may be regarded as hybrid types. The last one - pioneering high technology industrial district - can be developed from the advanced hub and spoke types and this type is a most advanced modern industrial district in the era of globalization and high technology. The dynamic aspects of the districts are related with the coexistence of the contrasting forces in the contemporary global space economy. However, the development trajectory is not a natural one and not all the industrial districts can develop to the other hybrid types. Traditionally, localization of industries was developed by historical chances. In the process of high technology industrial development in contemporary global space economy, however, policy and strategies are critical for the formation and evolution of new industrial districts. It needs formation of supportive tissues of institutions for evolution of dyamic pattern of high technology related new industrial districts. Some of the original distinctive types of new industrial districts can not follow the path or trajectory suggested in this paper and may be declined without advancing, if there is no formation of supportive social structure or policy. Provision of information infrastructure and diffusion of an entrepreneurship through the positive supports of local government, public institutions, universities, trade associations and industry associations are important for the evolution of the dynamic new industrial districts. Reduction of sunk costs through the supports for training and retraining of skilled labor, the formation of flexible labor markets, and the establishment of cheap and available telecommunication networks is also regarded as a significant strategies for dynamic progress of new industrial districts in the era of high technology industrial development. In addition, development of intensive international networks in production, technology and information is important policy issue for formation and evolution of the new industrial districts which are related with high technology industrial development.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.13-27
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• 2019

This study shows the changes in the space created by the planning and leisure activities of Hangang River Park, focusing on the Yeouido portion of the Hangang River Park, which has the most users and the greatest degree of planning. The relationship between planning, behavior, and space changes are explained based on Giddens's Structural Theory. As research material, Hangang River Park plans and satellite photos were interpreted and newspaper articles were used to identifying the space changes and their causes, and a model of the space changes was derived through the application of the theory. The flow of space change in the Yeouido portion of the Hangang River Park due to planning and leisure activities is as follows. In the 1970s, the first sports spaces are made due to need from residents near the riverside, but huge plans for the utilization of the entire space were not realized. In the 1980s, leisure spaces were planned and developed through a comprehensive plan. Various sports spaces were built, but the environment of the spaces became a slum. In the 1990s, various leisure activities were revitalized due to the revision of the legal system, regulations on the usage of space, and space maintenance, and from the late 1990s, ecological issues arose along the Hangang River. In the 2000s, there was an overall space improvement project directed by two comprehensive plans, and cultural and ecological issues appeared in the Hangang River Park plans. However, actual leisure spaces were developed along with the promotion of large-scale activities. Regarding the structuration theory, elements of interaction, modality, and structure are the aspects of space changes in the Yeouido portion Hangang River Park. As the flow of the space change, the proportions of the comprehensive plan and the individual plans were similar. The comprehensive plan was influenced by the change of public businesses and the proliferation of large-scale activities. Individual plans were influenced by the user's activities and opinions. However, both plans were influenced by the users and suppliers. The leisure space of the Hangang River Park can be viewed as a social space, in terms of the structuring as a theory due to the user repeatedly changing the use of the space. The purpos of this study is to investigate the changes in the Hangang River Park space through planning and leisure activities. Through this study, we can understand the characteristics of the Hangang River Park in planning the leisure activity space.