• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.635-638
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• 2009

ENC Optimizer S/W was developed for light weight, ENC speed improvement, nested data, and optimization of the data module. ENC optimizer customize based on Korea Ocean's ENC data by Investigators of the National Marine.Based on the modification of K-Map ENC through enhancemen to fENC Web OCX module and ENC Optimizier, AIS service by WebWM Shad been developed. WebVMS make it possible to view the ship information anywherevia WebBrowser. Later, through the expansion of the surveillance ship WebVMS the past, information about access, satellite communications, tracking and monitoring are currently used invarious applications such as shipping informationis available.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2020

Mass change in the Antarctic Ice Sheet(AIS) is the most important indicator of changes in Earth's climate system including global mean sea level rise that are largely affected by ongoing global warming. In this study, AIS mass variations are examined with satellite gravity data and outputs from a regional climate model. The analysis of gravity data shows that along the coastal region the Western AIS has experienced a continuous and significant ice loss while a slight increasing in the Eastern AIS during the study period (2002.08-2016.08). The temporal and spatial variations in ice mass changes are recovered by a regional climate model, but the recovered amplitudes are much smaller than those of observations. This under-estimation is remarkably resolved by modifying a base flow field for the ice discharge. The recovered estimates based on the ice-flow field can explain about 97% of the rate of mass change in observations before 2009. This implies that changes in ice flow dynamics along the coast line plays a pivotal role in regulating long-term budget of ice mass in AIS.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_4
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• pp.1173-1183
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• 2023

Over the past 20 years, Korea's overall import and export cargo volume has increased at an average annual rate of approximately 5.3%. About 99% of the cargo is still being transported by sea. Due to recent increases in maritime cargo volume, congestion in maritime logistics has become challenging due to factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and conflicts. Continuous monitoring of ports has become crucial. Various ground observation systems and Automatic Identification System (AIS) data have been utilized for monitoring ports and conducting numerous preliminary studies for the efficient operation of container terminals and cargo volume prediction. However, small and developing countries' ports face difficulties in monitoring due to environmental issues and aging infrastructure compared to large ports. Recently, with the increasing utility of artificial satellites, preliminary studies have been conducted using satellite imagery for continuous maritime cargo data collection and establishing ocean monitoring systems in vast and hard-to-reach areas. This study aims to visually detect ships docked at berths in the Busan New Port using high-resolution satellite imagery and quantitatively evaluate berth utilization rates. By utilizing high-resolution satellite imagery from Compact Advanced Satellite 500-1 (CAS500-1), Korea Multi-Purpose satellite-3 (KOMPSAT-3), PlanetScope, and Sentinel-2A, ships docked within the port berths were visually detected. The berth utilization rate was calculated using the total number of ships that could be docked at the berths. The results showed variations in berth utilization rates on June 2, 2022, with values of 0.67, 0.7, and 0.59, indicating fluctuations based on the time of satellite image capture. On June 3, 2022, the value remained at 0.7, signifying a consistent berth utilization rate despite changes in ship types. A higher berth utilization rate indicates active operations at the berth. This information can assist in basic planning for new ship operation schedules, as congested berths can lead to longer waiting times for ships in anchorages, potentially resulting in increased freight rates. The duration of operations at berths can vary from several hours to several days. The results of calculating changes in ships at berths based on differences in satellite image capture times, even with a time difference of 4 minutes and 49 seconds, demonstrated variations in ship presence. With short observation intervals and the utilization of high-resolution satellite imagery, continuous monitoring within ports can be achieved. Additionally, utilizing satellite imagery to monitor changes in ships at berths in minute increments could prove useful for small and developing country ports where harbor management is not well-established, offering valuable insights and solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.401-410
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• 2013

Due to the increasing need for spatial information, there have been a lot of research related with monitoring and revision of changed regions for the acquisition of the accurate and latest information. In this paper, the optimal monitoring management plan for changed regions with respect to the revision periods was proposed. For this purpose, the representative monitoring methods, which are based on database, professional manpower and crowdsourcing of continuous revision, and aerial imagery, satellite imagery and LiDAR of cyclic revision, were investigated. Then, the properties and application status of monitoring systems in Korea were illustrated according to the methods. Finally, the optimal monitoring management plan for continuous and cyclic revisions was suggested through the comparison of properties and revisionable objects of each method. From the result, it was shown to be appropriate for the optimal monitoring management plan of continuous revision as using Internet-Architectural Information System (e-AIS) database cooperated with professional manpower and crowdsourcing, and cyclic revision as using domestic high-resolution satellite images and LiDAR data processed semi-automatically.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.815-822
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• 2011

In this paper, a design and implemented of the data communication system on the entails inherent safety with the distress and urgency of maritime data communication services that are required for functional limitations of the existing mounting equipment and services to determine the likelihood MF/HF, VHF, Inmarsat satellite communication has a diversification of the GMDSS ship communication equipment. Proposed role and direction of the GMDSS on the communication media by the communication cost, throughput, communication speed and processing services available, communication range, etc. by conducting a performance analysis and evaluation in the future maritime communications environment.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.539-547
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• 2008

In this paper, preliminary results for design of prototype ADS-ADS-B/TIS-B Validation Testbed (AVT) are described. Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS-B) is a novel surveillance concept using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and a digital datalink. Air traffic information from ADS-B non-equipped aircraft is not acquired since ADS-B is a dependent surveillance. Traffic Information Service-Broadcast (TIS-B) provides surveillance data from Secondary surveillance Radar (SSR) for ADS-B non-equipped aircraft. AVT is based on ADS-B and TIS-B as an integrated platform for air traffic surveillance system for CNS/ATM.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2016

Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) was launched in 2010 with three payloads that include Ka-band communication payload developed by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) and Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI). This study introduces a real-time remote vessel monitoring system built in the Socheongcho Ocean Research Station using the Ka-band communication satellite. The system is composed of three steps; real-time data collection, transmission, and processing/visualization. We describe hardware (H/W) and software systems (S/W) installed to perform each step and the whole procedure that made the raw data become vessel information for a real-time ocean surveillance. In addition, we address functional requirements of H/W and S/W and the important considerations for successful operation of the system. The system is now successfully providing, in near real-time, ship information over a VHF range using AIS data collected in the station. The system is expected to support a rapid and effective surveillance over a huge oceanic area. We hope that the concept of the system can be fully used for real-time maritime surveillance using communication satellite in future.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2021

In ocean field, the spread of the Fourth Industrial Revolution based on information and communication technology requires high precision and stable PNT&D (Position, Navigation, Timing and Data). As the IMO (International Maritime Organization) and IALA (The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities) are requiring backup systems due to mitigate vulnerabilities and the increase of dependency on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), Korea is conducting a research & development of R-Mode. An DGPS (Differentiate Global Positioning System) reference station that uses MF, an existing maritime infrastructure, and AIS (Automatic Identification System) base stations that use 34 integrity station and VHF will be utilized in this study to avoid redundant investment. Because there are radio shadow areas that display low signal levels in the west sea, the establishment of new R-Mode reference and integrity station will be intended to resolve problems regrading the radio shadow area. Because the frequency has a characteristic in that radio wave transmits well along the ground (water surface) in low frequency band, simulation and measurement were conducted therefore this paper to propose candidate sites for R-Mode reference and integrity station resulted through p wave's propagation characteristics analysis. Using this paper, R-Mode reference and integrity station can be established at appropriate locations to resolve radio shadow areas in other regions.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2023

Ship detection is widely used in areas such as maritime security, maritime traffic, fisheries management, illegal fishing, and border control, and ship detection is important for rapid response and damage minimization as ship accident rates increase due to recent increases in international maritime traffic. Currently, according to a number of global and national regulations, ships must be equipped with automatic identification system (AIS), which provide information such as the location and speed of the ship periodically at regular intervals. However, most small vessels (less than 300 tons) are not obligated to install the transponder and may not be transmitted intentionally or accidentally. There is even a case of misuse of the ship'slocation information. Therefore, in this study, ship detection was performed using high-resolution optical satellite images that can periodically remotely detect a wide range and detectsmallships. However, optical images can cause false-alarm due to noise on the surface of the sea, such as waves, or factors indicating ship-like brightness, such as clouds and wakes. So, it is important to remove these factors to improve the accuracy of ship detection. In this study, false alarm wasreduced, and the accuracy ofship detection wasimproved by removing wake.As a ship detection method, ship detection was performed using machine learning-based random forest (RF), and convolutional neural network (CNN) techniquesthat have been widely used in object detection fieldsrecently, and ship detection results by the model were compared and analyzed. In addition, in this study, the results of RF and CNN were combined to improve the phenomenon of ship disconnection and the phenomenon of small detection. The ship detection results of thisstudy are significant in that they improved the limitations of each model while maintaining accuracy. In addition, if satellite images with improved spatial resolution are utilized in the future, it is expected that ship and wake simultaneous detection with higher accuracy will be performed.