• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2011

1. Objectives: This research was proposed to reinterpret "Soeumin Bumron(少陰人 泛論)"through development of Soeumin exterior disease in Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). 2. Methods: We chronically compared the conceptions, symptoms, mechanisms and treatments of Soeumin exterior disease from "Donguisusebowon-GabObon(東醫壽世保元甲午本)"(DGO) to " "Donguisusebowon-ShinChukbon(東醫壽世保元辛丑本)"(DSC) 3. Results and Conclusions: (1) The classification standard of Soeumin exterior disease was different in DGO and DSC. (2) Soeumin exterior disease classified Taeyang Disease(太陽病), Yangmyoung Disease(陽明病) in DGO and Ulkwang-syndrome(鬱狂證), Mangyang-syndrome(亡陽證) in DSC. (3) Based on the changes of understanding about Soeumin exterior disease from DGO to DSC, we attempted to reinterpret "Soeumin Bumron(少陰人 泛論)" in view of DSC. In view of DSC, the classification standard of Soeumin exterior disease focused on Warm Yang Qi(陽煖之氣), Healthy energy(保命之主) of Soeumin.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.361-373
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• 2011

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study was done to learn the Sasang constitutional distribution and to find out if there are differences in the type of diseases and symptoms according to the Sasang constitution in Japan. 2. Methods: We collected data from 366 patients who visited the Department of Oriental Medicine, Keio University and recruited 132 healthy persons in Tokyo, Japan. For sasang constitution diagnosis, they all have done SSCQ-P(Sasang Constitution Questionaire for Patients) questionnaire. and a sasang constitution specialist diagnosed the sasang constitution of them. And We classify the diseases and symptoms of 313 patients according to KCD(Korean Standard Classification of Diseases) and learn the prevalences of diseases and symptoms according to Sasang Constitution. 3. Results: 1) Among the total 498 subjects, distributional rate of Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeeumin, and Soeumin were 2.0%, 26.3%, 29.9%, and 41.8%. Among the 366 patients, distributional rate of Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeumin, and Soeumin were 0.8%, 27.3%, 28.7%, and 43.2%. Among the 132 healthy group, distributional rate of Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeeumin, and Soeumin were 5.3%, 23.5%, 33.3%, and 37.9%. 2) The prevalences of 'V.Mental and behavioural disorders', 'XI.Diseases of the digestive system', 'XV.Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium' and 'feeling of coldness(X VIII.Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, NEC)' of Soeumin were significantly higher than those of the other constitutions.(p-value<0.05) 4. Conclusions: The distributional rate of Sasangin of Japanese was different from that of Korean and especially the distributional rate of Soeumin of Japanese was significantly higher than that of Korean. There were significant differences on the prevalences of some diseases and symtoms according to KCD in Soeumin.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.429-444
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• 2011

1. Objective This study is aimed to present the effective classification of Soeumin symptomatology and the standardized signs for classification which can be applied for KCD, ICD and the insurance codification system. 2. Methods 1) Differentiate Soeumin symptomatology based on exterior-interior patterns, favorable-unfavorable patterns, and mild-severe-dangerous-urgent patterns. 2) Investigate the standard signs and symptoms to claasify Soeumin symptomatology based on exterior-interior patterns, favorable-unfavorable patterns, and mild-severe-dangerous-urgent patterns. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) The diagnosis criteria for Soeumin exterior-interior disease is based upon signs & symptoms of cold/heat, condition of stool, state of digestive system(such as digestion and appetite)among others. 2) The diagnosis criteria for Soeumin favorable-unfavorable disease is generally based upon whether the vital force of the spleen is damaged or not. More specifically, for the exterior disease, whether or not sweating is present. For the interior disease, whether or not dry mouth, body ache(a main symptom of the exterior state), and anxiousness are present. 3) For the Soeumin Wool-gwang disease, the diagnosis criteria of mild-severe disease is whether or not chills is present and the degree of body fever. 4) For Soeumin Mang-yang disease, the diagnosis criteria of dangerous-urgent disease is whether or not chills is, the degree of sweating and urine condition. 5) For the Soeumin Greater-Yin disease, Abdominal-pain bowel irritability pattern and Epigastric discomfort pattern are early state signs, Jaundice pattern is mild-state sign, edema & Greater-Yang disease Yin-toxin pattern are terminal state signs. 6) For the Soeumin interior disease, Abdominal-pain bowel irritability pattern and Epigastric discomfort pattern are of the dangerous state pattern, Jang-gual and Exuberant-Yin-repelling-Yang pattern are of the urgent state patterns.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 2007

1. Objectives The Face is an important standard for the classification of Sasang Constitution. We are developing 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus(3D-AFRA) to analyse the facial characteristics. This apparatus show us 3D image and data of man's face and measure facial figure data. So we should examine the figure restoration error of 3D Automatic Fare Recognition Apparatus(3D-AFRA) in hardware Error Analysis. 2. Methods We scanned Face status by using 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus(3D-AFRA). And also we scanned Face status by using laser scanner(vivid 9i). We compared facial shape data be restored by 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus(3D-AFRA) with facial shape data that be restorated by 3D laser scanner. And we analysed the average error and the maximum error of two data. 3. Results and Conclusions In frontal face, the average error was 0.48mm. and the maximum error was 4.60mm. In whole face, the average error of was 0.99mm. And the maximum error was 6.64mm. In conclusion, We assessed that accuracy of 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus(3D-AFRA) is considerably good.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.94-103
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine validity to Soeum scales by QSCC II. For this study, the objects are 336 patients who were made a diagnosis of Soeumin and 422 patients of other constitutions in Oriental Medicine & Western Medicine Cooperative Health Examination Center KyungHee University Medical Center. A systematic analysis has been made and the results are as follows. 1. We made a frequency analysis in 758 examinees' questions and concluded that 35 questions, among which 30 questions were existing and 5 were new, had statistical significance in making a diagnosis of Soeumin by more than 10% in comparison with answer frequency of other constitutions. 2. Because confidence coefficient of 0.8011 revised Soeum scales(35) rises up as compared with that of 0.6319 existing Soeum scales(51), I think revised Soeum scales reflect trait of Soeumin well and it is liable to shorten question time by controling questions. 3. Soeumin's discrimination probability in Soeumin was 55.4% by QSCCII, but that rises up to 64.3% by discriminant function made by revised Soeum scales. So there is statistical significance in discriminant function. 4. When questions in QSCCII are divided into body-spirit(體形氣像), looks-attitude(容貌詞氣), temper- talent(性質才幹), continuous mind(恒心), avarice(心慾), physiological symptoms(生理的 證) and pathological symptoms(病理的 證), response frequency and constitution discrimination probability falls in questions about avarice and pathological symptoms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.155-159
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• 2008

In this thesis, in order to develop a new classification model of Sasang Constitutional medical types, which is helpful for improving the accuracy of diagnosis of medical types. various data-mining classification models such as discriminant analysis. decision trees analysis, neural networks analysis, logistics regression analysis, clustering analysis which are main classification methods were applied to the questionnaires of medical type classification. In this manner, a model which scientifically classifies constitutional medical types in the field of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, one of a traditional Korean medicine, has been developed. Also, the above-mentioned analysis models were systematically compared and analyzed. In this study, a classification of Sasang constitutional medical types was developed based on the discriminate analysis model and decision trees analysis model of which accuracy is relatively high, of which analysis procedure is easy to understand and to explain and which are easy to implement. Also, a diagnosis system of Sasang constitution was implemented applying the two analysis models.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Although Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are generally treated by western medicine, many of them strongly believe in the traditional oriental Sasang constitutional classification and depend on it for food, health supplements, and oriental medicines decision making. Sasang constitutional classification is a part of traditional Korean medicine that divides people into four constitutional types (Tae-Yang: TY, Tae-Eum: TE, So-Yang: SY, and So-Eum: SE), which differ in inherited characteristics such as appearance, personality traits, susceptibility to diseases, and drug responses. It is recommended for T2DM patients to control their blood glucose very well from early stages with drugs and diet. However, many T2DM patients respond differently to their drugs, even though they receive the same medicine. Therefore, the present study investigated whether Sasang constitutional type can explain the therapeutic differences between oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) therapy (mono, dual and triple drug therapy). Patients of 618 with T2DM diagnosis and Sasang constitutional type known who received both western and oriental medicine treatment in a hospital between April 2006 and April 2013 retrospectively studied. HbA1c (%) and blood glucose (mg/dl) levels before OHAs therapy and 3 month after were collected for metformin (MET) or sulfonylurea (SU) monotherapy, MET+SU dual therapy, MET+except SU (where was either alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, meglitinide or thiazolidinedione) dual therapy, and triple therapy, according to Sasang constitutional type. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was used and paired t-test by SPSS 19.0 where P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Pattern was similar levels of HbA1c and blood glucose and which was decreased in order of mono, MET+SU dual, MET+except SU dual and triple therapy. In all patients comparison, for the So-yang (SY) constitutional type, either monotherapy was less effective; for Te-eum (TE) type, MET+SU dual therapy was less effective while MET+except SU dual therapy was more effective and the triple therapy was less effective; and for So-eum (SE) type, the triple therapy was more effective. For the management of TE type it is recommended to use drugs except SU when dual therapy is needed, restrict triple therapy and consider dual and insulin therapy; for SY type it is recommended to follow current guidelines; and for SE type it is advisable to skip dual therapy and start the triple therapy early. Finally, the therapeutic response to OHAs is different among Korean T2DM patients with different Sasang constitutional types. Taken together, the choice of effective OHAs therapy for each type is necessary in order to minimize the poor control of blood glucose level, the risk of complications, and the costs from a failure of therapy.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 2014

Objectives This study was aimed to develop the clinical practice guideline for Soyangin symptomatology. It discussed the principle and method of application of clinical practice guideline for Soyangin symptomatology which focuses on symptomatology, not disease. Methods Based on the previous guidelines, we assessed the guidelines by Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II). After AGREE II assessment, we chose and revised the clinical practice guideline. Member of writing committee reviewed and examined "Donguisusebowon" and many articles for developing clinical practice guidelines. Draft of clinical practice guideline was reviewed by advisory committee and approved by Society of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Results & Conclusions By researching and discussing the Soyangin symptomatology, we establish the evaluation criteria for diagnosis including classification, definition and develop diagnostic algorithm and treatment assessing tool.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.70-81
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• 2008

1. Objective Recently we have known 'First Impression' is the major factor to check the review point for the classification of sasangin. And we want to find out the objected data contribute to dignosis of female sasang constitution using Sasangins Face. 2. Methods We analysed the datum collected by multi-center researchers in 2007-2008. And this study analysed the datum of the measurement of the face by 3D-AFRA (3-Dimensional Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus) and the items of impression by SDQ. We used chi-square test to define the relationship between the item and sasang constitutions. We used independent samples t - test with classifying measuring variables of the face. 3. Results and Conclusion We put out specific female sasangin's constitutional measuring variables of face. The measuring variables of count is Taeyangin 30point, Soyangin 15point, Taeumin 32point, Soeumin 21point. There is the need to accumulate more accurate pictures about sasangin's external shape.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.181-220
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• 1998

1. PURPOSE This is a quantitative analysis of Sasang Constitution by measuring human body except face. This study is carried out for the purpose of searching out the theory of Sa-cho and the morphologic theory of Sasang Constitution. 2. METHOD (1) SUBJECTS Subjects are 338 person came to Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine (KyungHee Oriental Medical Center) and Oriental Medicine and Western Medicine Cooperative Health Examination Center (KyungHee Medical Center) from October 1997 to Jauary 1998. The mean age is $41.7{\pm}12.39$. (2) CLASSIFICATION OF SASANG CONSTITUTION QSCCII(Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification) is used for the Classification of Sasang Constitution. The distributions of Sasang Constitution Classification are Soeumin 83, Soyangin 98, and Taeumin 157. (3) MEASURING INSTRUMENT & ITEMS Length, Breadth, Circomferece, and Skinfold thickness of each body segment are measured by Martin's measuring instrument and Skinfold Caliper. Measured items of this study is based on Lohman's methods and is added new items. (4) DATA ANALYSIS The Volume, Weight, Rate, and Index of each group are calculated by using measuring items. The difference of each group is analyzed by SPSS 7.0 for Win. 3. RESULT (1) THE MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTIC of TAEUMIN First of all, the Taeumin has a emormous morphology. His trunk is huge but head-neck and limbs is small. The volume and weight of head-neck is smaller than other body segments but the volume and weight of upper-abdomen is bigger than ones. (2) THE MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTIC of SOEUMIN The Soeumin has a small morphology. His head-neck rate is bigger than Taeumin's but his trunk rate is smaller than Taeumin's. And his lower limbs rate is bigger than other constitution but it's not a significant difference. His neck is thinest and longgest than others. His chest is thin and narrow. His lower-abdomen rate is bigger than other constitution but it's difference is not significant. (3) THE MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTIC of SOYANGIN Soyangin has a middle size at head-neck and chest part. But the rate of upper limb is higer than other constitution. And the rate of lower-abdomen part is lower than other constitution. but that's not significant.