• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1996

This study was to evaluate the antitumor and immunopotentiation effects of Manda Enzyme (ME). Oral administration of ME (0.2ml/mouse) to tumor bearing mice significantly prolonged survival rate compared to the control group with the prolongation ratio of 40%. The inhibition ratios for the first and the second experiments were 51.8% and 26.4%, respectively. Only the spleen index was significantly increased in the MEF-treated group, but not in the control group. Gamma globulin level of the MEF-treated group was elevated when mice were injected with sarcoma-180 cells on the left groin. Activities of natural killer (NK) and lymphokineactivated killer (LAK) cells were observed by $^{51}Cr-release$ method. Activities of NK cell against YAC-1 cells were significantly increased in the MEF treated group. And LAK cell activities against P815 cells were also significantly increased in the experimental group. These observations, therefore, suggest that ME may have an anticancer effect and immunopotentiating effect in vivo.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2000

To examine influence of artificial digestive juice on the antitumor activity of Ganoderma lucidum-A(GL-A), protein-bound polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum, we compared the digested protein-bound polysaccharide with undigested one both on immunopotentiating activity and influence of digestive juices. Protein-bound polysaccharide GL-B was obtained by digesting the antitumor component GL-A with artificial digestive Juices in vitro. When GL-A was administered orally to sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing ICR mice, the life prolonging effect was exhibited in a dose dependent manner Not only GL-A but GL-B increased the production of colony forming unit (CFU) to 10- and 8-fold of that of the control, respectively. Both of the protein-bound polysaccharides also showed the secretion of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cell lines to 3.5-and 3.7-fold of that of the control, respectively: GL-A activated components of the alternative complement pathway, whereas GL-B did not. In humoral immunity GL-A increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase in differentiated B cells to 3 times and GL-B to 4 times of that of the control. These results showed that the artificial digestive juices had no influence on the antitumor activity of the protein-bound polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum and that its immunomodulating activity retained after treatment with artificial digestive juice. And this provides a basis of the protein-bound polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum as an peroral anticancer drug.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2006

To investigate the immunostimulating and anticancer activities from hot water extract of Capsosiphon fulvescens, tumor cell toxicity, sarcoma-180 growth inhibition activity, complement system-activity, intestinal immune system and oral toxicity were performed. The extract of Capsosiphon fulvescens was prepared by hot water and precipitated by using ethanol. Partially purified extract (CFE) was obtained after dialysis and ultrafiltration. The polysaccharide compositions consisted of xylose(19.1%), fucose(15.3%), mannose(4.2%) and galactose(7.9%). The tumor cell toxicity of CFE slightly showed at high concentrations of 10-30 ${\mu}g/ml$, but inhibition ratio against mouse solid tumor was more increased for CFE of 40.1-59.4% than the control. Blood leukocyte counts increased to a maximum of 83% including liver, spleen and thymic of mouse. Immunoglobulin A binding amounts showed a high level of CFE of $2,454{\pm}113.8-2,670{\pm}133.1{\mu}g/mg$ in comparison with the control of $2,092{\pm}123.0{\mu}g/mg$. Acute toxicity of CFE was not detected at the concentration of 2,000 mg/kg in normal mouse.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-65
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• 2000

In order to investigate antitumor and immune response effect by Hyangsapyungwisan after Sarcoma-180 cells and methotrexate were treatred each other, the extract of Hyangsapyungwisan was orally administered to ICR mice for 14 days. To evaluate the effects of the Hyangsapyungwisan, 50% inhibition concentration($IC_{50}$), mean survival days, tumor weight for antitumor effects, hemagglutinin titer, hemolysin titer, rosette forming cells, natural killer cell activity and productivity of interleukin-2 for immune responses measured in ICR mice. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Mean survival time in Hyangsapyungwisan-treated group was slightly prolonged, as compared with control group(13.46%). 2. On the MTT assay, cell viability was significantly inhibited by $5{\mu}g/well,\;2.5{\mu}g/well,\;1.25{\mu}g/well,\;and\;0.625{\mu}g/well$ of Hyangsapyung-wisan concentration inhibited cell viability significantly. $IC_{50}$ for cell viability was $11.59{\mu}g/well$. 3. Tumor weight in Hyangsapyungwisan treated group was depressed, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). 4. Hemagglutinin titer in Hyangsapyungwisan-treated group was slightly increased with no significance, as compared with the control group. 5. Hemolysin titer in Hyangsapyungwisan-treated group was silightly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). 6. Rosette forming cells in Hyangsapyungwisan-treated group was silightly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). 7. Naural killer cell activity in Hyangsapyungwisan-treated group was significantly increased(p<0.05). 8. Production of interleukin-2 was significantly increased(p<0.05). According to the above results, Hyangsapygwisan had prominent antitumor effects, and enhance both cellular and humoral immunity in mice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.86
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• pp.791-797
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• 2007

We studied the inhibitory effect of solvent fractions from doenjang on mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in Ames test. We also investigated the effect of solvent fractions from doenjang on the growth of tumor cells and the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2). The treatment of dichlorormethane and ethylacetate fractions (2.5 mg/assay) from doenjang to Ames test system inhibited aflatoxin B$_1$ (AFB$_1$) induced mutagenicity by 96% and 97%, respectively, and showed a higher antimutagenic effect than other solvent fractions. In case of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguamidine (MNNG) induced mutagenicity, the ethylacetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect (by 75%) among the other sol-vent fractions, although the inhibitory effect was not stronger compared to AFB$_1$ induced mutagenicity. The treatment of dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions markedly inhibited the growth of Yac-1 (by 80% and 94%, respectively) and sacroma-180 cancer cells (by 60% and 96%, respectively) after 4 days of incubation at 37${\circ}$C. To elucidate the immunological mechanism of antitumor activity of doenjang, spleen cells of Balb/c mouse were exposed to the dichloromethane and ethyl-acetate fractions for 24 hours at 37${\circ}$C . The culture supernatants following the treatment of djchloromethane and ethylacetate factions to spleen cells increased the production of IL-2. These results indicated that the anticarcinogenic effect of doenjang was mediated by the production of IL-2.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.953-958
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of beverage (beverage HC and beverage PG) using herbs on antimicrobial activity, proliferation of hepatic cancer cell (Hep3B) lines and sarcoma 180 (S-180) and antiallergy, respectively. Beverage PG showed higher antimicrobial activity than beverage HC against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Beverage HC and PG showed the tumor suppressive effect in mice injected with S-180 cells. The growth-inhibitoy ratio against tumor cells were $66\%\;for\;10\%$ beverage HC, $61\%\;for\;10\%$ beverage PG. In an anti-cancer test using Hep3B cells, beverage PG showed higher anti-proliferating effect than beverage HC. Beverage PG showed growth-inhibitory effect of $69.2\%\;at\;100\%$ beverage PG. Beverage PG inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80. In conclusion, these results suggest that beverage using herbs have an antimicrobial activity, anti-proliferating effect against Hep3B cell and S-180 tumor and will be beneficial in treatment of allergic reaction.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 1996

The sprig of Sojekbojungwhan(消積保中丸) has been used for curing as a traditional medicine without any experimental evidence to support the rational basis for their clinical use. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Sojekbojungwhan extract against cancer, and to study some mechanisms responsible for its effect. The cytotoxic and antitumor effects were evaluated on human cell lines(A549, hep3B, Caki-1, Sarcoma 180) after esposure to Sojekbojungwhan extract using in ILS, colony forming efficiency and SRB assay which were regarded as a valuable method for cytotoxic and antitumor effects of unknown compound on tumor cell lines. The results obtained in this studies were as follows. 1. As a result of exposure to Sojekbojungwhan extract, the proliferation of A549, hep3B, Caki-1, good correlations were shown from the results of SRB assay and those of clogenetic assay. 2. The oral administration of Sojekbojungwhan extact showed significant effects of increase of MST(mean survival time) and ILS(increased life span) depending on the increasing concentration. 3. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Sojekbojungwhan decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice(TBM). Sojekbojungwhan also significantly suppressed the development of 3LL cell-implanted tumors by frequency and their size, and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Sojekbojungwhan extract into TBM. 4. Sojekbojungwhan extract also increased NK cell activities. According to the above results, it could be suggested that Sojekbojungwhan extract has some antitumor effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1295-1301
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the mutagenic, antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effect of Codonopsis lanceolata (CL). CL was extracted with 70% ethanol and then further fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of CL extracts were measured by using Ames test, SRB method, and the tumor growth inhibition test. CL extracts did not show any mutagenicity in the Ames test; however, 70% ethanol extracts and its fractions had strong antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The ethyl acetate fraction of CL (200 ${\mu}g$/plate) showed approximately 72.1% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain, whereas 69.6% and 67.0% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG and 4NQO against TA100 strain. In anticancer effects, the cytotoxicity of CL extract and its fractions against cancer cell lines including human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human lung carcinoma (A549) and transformed primary human embryo kidney (293) were investigated. The treatment of 1 mg/mL CL ethyl acetate fraction had the highest cytotoxicity of 74.5%, 70.7% and 80.3% against HeLa, MCF-7 and A549 cells, respectively. In contrast, the extract and its fractions showed only 2$\sim$31% cytotoxicity for a normal human kidney cell line (293). In vivo anticancer effect of CL extract was tested using Balb/c mice transplanted sarcoma-180 cells. CL ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibition rate of 56.4% at the 50 mg/kg concentration.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.234-250
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• 1998

Bujeonghangamtang(扶正抗癌湯) has been used for cure of tumor as a traditional medicine without any experimental evidence to support the rational basis for its clinical use. This study was carroed out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Bujeonghangamtang extract against tumor, and to carry out some mechanisms responsible for its effect. Some kinds of tumor were induced by .the typical application of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) or by the implantation(s.c) of malignant tumor cells such as leukemia cells(3LL cells) or sarcoma cells(Sl80 cells). Treatment of the Bujeonghangamtang water-extract (dailly 1mg/mouse, i. p.) was continued for 7 days prior to tumor induction and after that the treatment was lasted for 20 days. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Bujeonghangamtang decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and the weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice (TBM). Bujeongmngamtang also significantly suppressed the development of 3LL cell and S180 cell-implanted tumors in occurence-frequency and their size, and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Bujeonghangamtang extract into TBM. In vitro, treatment of Bujeonghangamtang extract had no effect on the growth of some kinds of cell line such as FsaII, A431 strain but significantly inhibited the proliferation of 3LL, S180 cells and augmented the DNA synthesis of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Bujeonghangamtang also stimulated the migrative ability of leukocyte, the MIF and IL-2 production of T lymphocytes, but not IL 6 production of B cells. Bujeonghangamtang-administration to mice enhanced NK cells attivities. These results demonstrated that Bujeonghangamtang extract exhibited a significant prophylactic benefits against tumors and its antitumor activity was manifested depending on the type of tumor cells. And these results also suggested that effect of Bujeonghangamtang might be chiefly due to nonspecific enhancement of NK cell activities and cell-mediated immune responses.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1388-1396
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• 2013

This study used an S-180 cell-injected mouse model to evaluate the antitumor effects of the acute and subacute toxicity of Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) extract intravenously administrated in ICR mice. When administered intravenously (31.3-250 mg/kg body weight), Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) extract significantly inhibited the growth of the solid tumor cell. The antitumor activity of Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) extract increased in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose (250 mg/kg body weight) was highly effective, reducing tumor formation by 42.7% compared with the control group. In the acute toxicity test, $LD_{50}$ of the Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) extract showed 632.84 mg/kg (♂) and 814.48 mg/kg (♀) after intravenous administration. In addition, liver and spleen weight were increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the subacute toxicity test, the mice were intravenously administered over the course of 28 days. The $LD_{50}$ of the Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) extract showed 355.41 mg/kg (♂) and 383.53 mg/kg (♀) after intravenous administration. The liver and spleen weight also increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the case of the group that received more than 125 mg/kg of intravenous administration, exercise capacity, such as jumping ability and agility, were significantly increased. These results suggest that Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) extract can be regarded as a potent enhancer of the innate immune response, and it can be considered as a new natural product with low toxicity that may be used as a candidate for antitumor action.