• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the food sanitation awareness and performance of foodservice industry employees. Based on a literature review, a questionnaire was developed to identify the food sanitation education, experience, knowledge, and food sanitation practices of the employees. A total of 376 Korean food industry employees participated, and there were 344 usable questionnaires. In the analysis of food sanitation knowledge, the statements "clip fingernails short and do not use nail polish", and "if feeling sick, even with a minor cold, speak to your supervisor immediately", had the highest and lowest percentages of correct answers, respectively. In assessing employee sanitary management practices, many correctly acknowledged "clip fingernails short and do not use nail polish" and "wash hands after using the toilet", which received high scores; however, "use hands to pick up ice" and "if feeling sick, even with a minor cold, speak to your supervisor immediately" had low scores. The sanitary knowledge and practice levels of the employees were not significantly different according to gender, age, work area, job title, or duration of duty. Among the surveyed industries, employees of special restaurants had the least sanitary knowledge(p<0.05) and practice scores(p<0.001). Employees who had worked for $1{\sim}3$ years presented the least sanitary management practice level scores(p<0.05).). In addition, college students and participants without hygiene educational experience showed the least levels of sanitary knowledge(p<0.01). Scores for sanitary management practice were higher when hygiene education was regularly conducted more than once per month. Employees showed significantly higher knowledge and sanitary management practice levels when they were required to use a sanitary checklist(p<0.001), and employees who were trained in HACCP had significantly higher sanitary checklist scores(p<0.05). In foodservices that applied HACCP, the employees showed higher knowledge and sanitary management practice levels(p<0.001).

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.274-281
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• 1995

This study was conducted to evaluate food sanitary practices of employees of university and industry foodservices in Seoul and Pusan areas. The subjects consist of 126 and 157 employees in university and industry foodservices, respectively. The questionnaire was used in this study as a survey method. The results are as follows: The majority of employees (88.0％) have once at least received food sanitation education and 68.8％ of them have been monthly educated; The employees of industry foodservices were more frequently educated in sanitation than those of universities. Also, the former had a significantly higher mean rating score on the employees＇food sanitary practice than that of the latter; The mean ratings of the knowledge and practice for the total employees＇food sanitary were 9.28/15.00 and 131.97/150.00, respectively; The higher mean rating group (over 9.0) for the food sanitary knowledge showed a significantly higher rate in the food sanitary practice than that of the lower group (below 9.0); The employees, who were educated in the food sanitation. received significantly higher rates of the food sanitary knowledge than those of the uneducated employees; The frequency of the sanitation education for the employees was positively correlated (P＜0.01) with the rating of the food sanitary practice.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.159-177
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• 2014

본 연구는 수도권 윈도우 베이커리의 매장근무자와 공장근무자의 위생교육, 위생 지식 및 위생관리 수행 수준을 조사하여 윈도우 베이커리 위생관리 현황을 파악하고자 하였다. 윈도우 베이커리 근무자를 매장과 공장 근무자로 분류하여 위생 교육 현황을 파악하였고, 위생 지식수준과 위생 관리 수행 수준을 직급, 근무연한, 위생 교육횟수에 따라 분석하고, 이 결과를 개인위생, 시설 및 작업장 위생, 재료 및 제조 위생으로 나누어 비교했다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 윈도우베이커리 근무자들은 1년에 3회 이하로 위생교육을 받고 있었으며, 위생 관리 수행 수준은 공장근무자가 매장근무자보다 평균이 높았다. 둘째, 위생지식수준의 경우 매장근무자는 재료 및 제조위생에서 대표와 근무기간이 5년 이상인 경우 낮게 나타났으며, 공장근무자는 공장장과 인턴, 근무기간이 5년 이상인 경우 낮았다. 셋째, 위생관리 수행수준의 경우 매장근무자는 인턴과 근무 1년 미만인 경우 수행수준이 낮았고, 공장근무자는 직급과 근무기간에 따라 유의한 차이는 없었다. 위생교육을 받지 않은 경우 매장근무자는 전반적으로 수행수준이 낮았고, 공장근무자는 재료 및 제조위생에서 수행수준이 유의하게 낮았다. 따라서 향후 윈도우 베이커리 매장과 공장 근무자들을 위한 업무에 따른 위생 교육 매뉴얼을 작성하여 지속적인 위생교육과 모니터링이 필요하다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.68-81
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to investigate the perception level about food safety of school foodservice dietitians and employees and to assess their food hygiene practice level in school foodservice operation in Chungbuk Province. A questionnaire survey of 250 dietitians and 744 employees at school food service operations was conducted and 143 and 421 respective responses were available for this study. The collected data were analyzed using SAS V8.2 for windows. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: 98.60% of respondent school foodservice dietitians operated sanitation training programs one time or more per month. As for the reason why the program was not performed at frequent intervals, the majority of the dietitians and employees attributed it to the conventional practices. The employees' perception level of importance about sanitary training program was marked at 4.31(out of 5 scale). The employees' performance level of sanitary training program was ranked above 4.0 point(out of 5 scale) in the 26 items out of the total of 29 items. The results indicated that there was positive correlation between perception level and performance level of sanitation training program. The findings suggest that continuing sanitary education is important to ensuring food safety at school foodservice operations.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.300-312
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• 2014

본 연구는 충남지역 전체 행정 구역인 14개 시 군에 소재하는 초 중 고 급식학교를 골고루 포함시켜 305교를 편의 추출하고 각 학교에 근무하는 조리원 1명씩을 무작위 추출해 총 305명의 조리원을 대상으로 자기기입식에 의한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구는 학교급식 조리원의 학교급식 관련 위생지식 및 학교급식위생관리지침서 3차 개정에 준한 HACCP 수행도를 조사해 학교급식 위생수준 향상을 위한 기초자료로 제공하는 데에 목적을 두었다. 연구 결과 조리원의 학교급식 관련 위생지식 수준이 높을 때 HACCP 수행도가 높아 조리원의 위생지식 수준이 HACCP 수행도에 중요한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 파악되었다. 그러나 초 중 고 중에서 초등학교로 갈수록 조리원의 위생지식 수준은 높으나 초등학교에서 일부 항목의 HACCP 수행도가 낮았는데, 이는 본 연구 대상 초등학교가 중학교와 고등학교에 비해 면단위 농촌형 소규모 학교가 많아 HACCP 수행에 필요한 인력과 시설 설비 기구를 적정하게 보유하지 못하고 있기 때문으로 여겨진다. 따라서 소규모 학교에 대한 인적 물적 자원의 지원이 이루어질 필요가 있었다. 그리고 고등학교에서 조리원의 HACCP 수행도가 낮은 것은 이들의 HACCP 위생교육 횟수 부족에 따른 위생지식 수준이 낮은 점과 관련이 있으므로, 고등학교 조리원에게 1일 3식의 과다한 업무 속에서 짧은 시간 내에 취약 항목인 조리 전후 식재료나 음식의 취급 및 보관 등에 관한 위생교육을 자주 실시할 수 있도록 돕는 교육자료를 개발해 제공할 필요가 있었다. 중학교의 경우 조리원의 위생지식 수준과 HACCP 수행도가 높으며 학교급식 HACCP 관련 시설 설비 기구를 잘 갖추고 있어서 양호하였다. 그러나 본 연구는 충남지역 초 중 고에 근무하는 조리원을 대상으로 조사한 결과이어서 표집이 제한되어 있으므로, 연구 결과를 일반화하기에는 제한점을 가지고 있다. 앞으로 학교급식에서 지속적으로 문제가 되고 있는 위생관리에 관한 현장연구가 활발히 이루어지고 이 결과를 반영한 위생교육이 활성화됨으로써 학교급식 조리원의 위생지식 수준과 현장실천도를 높여 학교급식 품질을 향샹시켜 나가야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2007

전라북도내 병원, 학교, 사업체 등의 집단급식소 98개소를 대상으로 작업 단계별 식품의 일반위생 관리항목의 실행 실태와 영양사의 중요성 인식도를 조사하였다. 식품의 구매 및 검수 단계의 위생관리 항목에 대해서는 59.2-98.0%의 실행율을 나타내어 다른 단계에 비해 상대적으로 잘 실행이 되고 있었다. 전처리 단계에서 '바닥에서 식품 취급 안하기'라는 항목은 병원의 경우 실행율이 53.8%로 나타나 사업체(32.5%)와 학교(34.2%)보다 상대적으로 높았으며, 사업체와 학교 급식소에서의 전처리 작업 방법의 개선이 요구된다. 조리 단계에서는 위생관리 항목 실행율이 모두 30% 이하로 나타나 전반적인 개선이 필요하였으며, 저장 단계에서는 학교와 사업체의 작업 과정 개선이 필요하였다. 배식 단계에서는 전반적으로 위생관리 항목에 대한 실행율이 낮아 개선이 필요하였다. 위생관리 항목에 대한 영양사의 인식도 조사 결과 각 단계별로 전반적인 위생관리 실행에 대한 교육 및 인식의 변화가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권1호통권97호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the perceived importance of kitchen equipment and facilities on the hygienic performance of cooks in deluxe hotels. Cooks and chefs at 7 different deluxe hotels participated in this study. Out of 490 questionnaires administered, 456 (93.1%) were completed and 419 (91.9%) were analyzed using a statistical package SPSS 12.0. The results were as follows. First, the correlation between sanitary equipment, including HACCP system, in the hotel kitchens and the hygienic management performance confirmed the significant effect of the sanitary equipment on the performance of the cooks and chefs. Second, the sanitary facilities in the hotel kitchens greatly affected the hygienic management performance. The results also demonstrated that the sanitary equipment provided the same contribution to the performance irrespective of the job level, management type and HACCP practice. However, the sanitary facilities greatly affected the management type expecially the chain hotels. The hygienic management performance did not affect the cooking stage (before-cooking and during-cooking), but affected the after-cooking stage according to the management type and the HACCP practice, but not the job level.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.637-649
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze employees' practice levels and knowledge of sanitation at school foodservice operations, to examine the sanitation conditions of current school foodservice, and to suggest an effective sanitary training program. A questionnaire survey was conducted on a total of 578 subjects and 501 reponses were made available for this study. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS of windows. The main results can be summarized as follows: Training through handouts was the most effective (53.2%) and lack of time caused by overwork (57.1%) made the practice of sanitation training difficult. The degree of employees' perceptions of the necessity of sanitary training programs was marked at 4.18 points. According to the foodservice employees' evaluation about the knowledge of sanitation concerning the sanitary training program contents, the area of environmental sanitation (96.3%) was the highest while food poisoning control (72.9%) was lowest. Foodservice employees' practice levels was ranked above 4 points (out of 5 points) in 9 areas. Practice levels of cleaning and disinfection management were highest while that of safety management was lowest. About the food service employees' practice levels of sanitation, the degree of practice and the application of knowledge was 4.39 points. There was a significantly positive correlation between the practice level of sanitation and sanitation knowledge(p<.01). Thus, educational material needs to be standardized in order to improve employees' sanitation practice level.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.942-947
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate sanitary practices of employees in business & industry foodservice operations of Pusan and the Kyung Nam areas, and to suggest a guideline for an effective sanitation training program. The questionnaire was used in this study as a survey method. Questionnaire were administered to 246 employees. The results were as follows. 55.3% of employees have had regular(monthly) food sanitation education. The mean rating of food sanitary knowledge for all employees was 65.9/100. When the education level was higher and the age younger, the mean rating of was also higher. Among the ratio of correct answers for food sanitary knowledge areas, a equipment sanitation was the highest (80.5%), and time temperature was the lowest(45.3%). The mean rating of sanitary procedures for food storage was 4.80/5.00, pre preparation 4.04/5.00, personal hygiene 3.54/5.00, equipment sanitation 3.20/5.00, and food preparation 2.56/5.00. Employees regularly educated in food sanitation rated significantly higher for food preparation than those who were of irregulary educated. The higher mean rating group(over 66) for the food sanitary knowledge showed significantly higher rates in sanitary procedures(food preparation, equipment sanitation, and personal hygiene) than that of the lower group(below 65). The practice of personal hygiene was positively correlated (p<0.001) with sanitary concept and food preparation, among the food sanitary knowledge areas.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to identify potentially hazardous factors which can contribute to the outbreak of food borne disease and present more practical management methods in terms of sanitary management of cooking equipment and personal hygiene. 230 Korean-style restaurants in Seoul were surveyed in the same manner on the published study-A study for the Improvement of Sanitary Condition in Korean style-restaurant in Seoul city area (I). Sanitary check-lists were developed to evaluate the sanitary status of cooking equipment and personal hygiene of employee. The sanitary condition of cooking equipment the maintenance of refrigeration, food habits and personal hygiene were assessed by the sanitary score. The sanitary condition of cooking equipment, the maintenance of refrigeration as well as food habits and personal hygiene employee was in good condition. The effective sanitation education and training for good service workers should be practice for the improvement of sanitary management of cooking equipment and personal hygiene.