• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2001

The Sejong Formation of Late Paleocene to Eocene is a lower volcaniclastic sequence unconformably overlain by upper volcanic sequence, and distributed along the southern and southeastern cliffs of the Barton Peninsula. The Sejong Formation is divided into five sedimentary facies; disorganized matrix-supported conglomerate (Facies A), disorganized clast-supported conglomerate (Facies B), stratified clast-supported conglomerate (Facies C), thin-bedded sandstone (Facies D), and lapilli tuff (Facies E), based on sedimentary textures, primary sedimentary structures and bed geometries. Individual sedimentary facies is characterized by distinct sedimentary process such as gravel-bearing mudflows or muddy debris flows (Facies A), cohesionless debris flows (Facies B),unconfined or poorly confined hyperconcentrated flood flows and sheet floods (Facies C), subordinate streamflows (Facies D), and pyroclastic flows (Facies E). Deposition of the Sejong Formation was closely related to volcanic activity which occurred around the sedimentary basin. Four different phases of sediment filling were identified from constituting sedimentary facies. Thick conglomerate and sandstone were deposited during inter-eruptive phases (stages 1, 3 and 4), whereas lapilli tuff was formed by pyroclastic flows during active volcanism (stage 2). These records indicate that active volcanism occurred around the Barton Peninsula during Late Paleocene to Eocene.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.291-296
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• 2007

We measured potential waveform of load, displacement, micro electric signal generated by rock and mortar fracture using PXI A/D Converter. The rock type used for measurement was used granite, limestone and sandstone, and mortar specimen. we made measuring equipment of physical properties to confirm basic information of physical properties, measured physical properties of rock engineering, electric resistivity and seismic velocity. Potential waveform system was built using PXI A/D Converter and measured potential waveform of load, displacement, micro-electric signal generated using this during uniaxial compressive test by the specimen finished such test of physical properties. Using the saturated rock and mortar specimen, micro electric signal increased, and It didn't increase a signal in dried rock and mortar specimen according as load and strain rate increases. But signal also increased in saturated or dried specimen in case of sandstone. It was possible to check the close correlation relationship the signal and fracture behavior by a compressive load as the signal of fracture position was increased bigger than the other position. It was also possible to check the correlation relationship between physical properties and micro geo-electric signal.

• Geosciences Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2018

This paper aims to investigate the good reservoir quality and hydrocarbon potentiality of the Khatatba Formation, Qasr Field in the Shoushan Basin of the North Western Desert, Egypt by combining results from log-based petrophysical analysis, petrographic description and images from scanning electron microscope (SEM). Promising reservoir units are initially identified and evaluated through well log analysis of three wells in the field of study. Petrophysical results are then compared with petrographic and SEM images from rock samples to identify features that characterize the reservoir quality. Well log results show that Khatatba Formation in the study area has good sandstone reservoir intervals from depths ranging from 12848 ft to 13900 ft, with good effective porosity records of 13-15% and hydrocarbon saturations of greater than 83%. Petrographic analysis of these sandstone reservoir units indicate high concentrations of vacant pore spaces with good permeability that can be easily occupied by hydrocarbon. The availability of these pore spaces are attributed to pore-enhancing diagenetic features, mainly in the form of good primary porosity and dissolution. SEM images and EDX analysis confirmed the presence of hydrocarbon, therefore indicating a good hydrocarbon-storing potential for the Khatatba Formation sandstones.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.35
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• pp.78-104
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• 1993

Analysis of one sinkhole, the Dodgeville sinkhole, developed in Ordovician dolostones in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin in the Upper Midwest'd Driftless Area reveals homogenous clayey sediment fills reflecting a range of dissolutional processes during the Quaternary or Pre-Quaternary. Granulometric analysis, graphical moments statistics, carbonate minerals, ana sand grain lithology were used to differentiate sinkhole sediment sources and modes of accumulation. Sediments in the dolostone sinkholes developed by dissolution. Sediments contain two major types of sediments : residual redish clay( autogenic sediments) and aeolian silt (allogenic sediments). The massive clay is generated from the weathered dolostone bedrocks as a in situ materials. The loessial silt is mostly derived from transportation of the surrounding surface materials, with some evidences of penetrated deposition. Unlike the collapsed sandstone sinkholes (Oh et al., 1993), dolostone sinkholes reveal homogenous, autogenic clay materials, and a geochemical composition indicative of in situ autogenic karstification. Dolostone sinkhole si1ts (26.9%) and sands (34.9%) are derived from weathered Plattevi1le-Galena dolostones, and contain high carbonate(37.5%), chert (57.2%) and lead ore (3%). Graphical moments statistics for sorting, skewness, and kurtosis indicate that sand grains from dolostones were derived entirely from local bedrock by in situ dissolution. Upper sinkhole sediments are pedagogically very young as carbonate is unleashed. Materials of the sinkhole sediment are definitely inherited from internal dolostones by dissolution and weathering, because not only a granulomatric comparison of dolostone and sandstone sediments demonstrates that they have heterogeneous paticle size distributions, but also 1ithologic analyses displays they differ completely.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.253-266
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• 2021

In this paper, we discuss a mathematical method for determining the return energy of the wave from the sample and comparing it with the mechanical energy consumed to change the dimension of the sample in the triaxial test of the rock. We represent a method to determine the mechanical energy and then we provide how to calculate the return energy of the wave. However, the static energy and pulse return energy will show higher amounts with axial pressure increase. Three types of clastic sedimentary rocks including sandstone, pyroclastic rock, and argillitic tuff were selected. The sandstone showed the highest strength, Young's modulus and ultrasonic P and S waves' velocities versus others in the triaxial test. Also, from the received P wavelet, the calculated pulse wave returning energy indicated the best correlation between axial stress compared to wave velocities in all specimens. The fact that the return energy decreases or increases is related to increasing lateral stress and depends on the geological characteristics of the rock. This method can be used to determine the stresses on the rock as well as its in-situ modulus in projects that are located at high depths of the earth.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.3750-3757
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• 2024

Rapidly obtaining the coverage characteristics of leaching solution in In-situ Leaching Area of Sandstone Uranium Mines is a necessary condition for optimizing well locations reasonably. In the presented study, the improved algorithm of the Fast Marching Method (FMM) was studied for rapidly solving coverage characteristics to replace the groundwater numerical simulator. First, the effectiveness of the FMM was verified by simulating diffusion characteristics of the leaching solution in In-situ Leaching Area. Second, based on the radial flow pressure equation and the interaction mechanism of the front diffusion of production and injection well flow field, an improved FMM which is suitable for In-situ Leaching Mining, was developed to achieve the co-simulation of production and injection well. Finally, the improved algorithm was applied to engineering practice to guide the design and production. The results show that the improved algorithm can efficiently solve the coverage characteristics of leaching solution, which is consistent with those obtained from traditional numerical simulators. In engineering practice, the improved FMM can be used to rapidly analyze the leaching process, delineate Leaching Blind Spots, and evaluate the rationality of well pattern layout. Furthermore, it can help to achieve iterative optimization and rapid decision-making of production and injection well locations under largescale mining area models.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.3090-3096
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• 2024

In prompt fission neutron uranium logging, borehole environmental parameters affect the measured results and must be corrected. In order to explore the influence of borehole parameters on the interpretation of logging results, this paper builds a sandstone type uranium ore block model to simulate the field production drilling device based on the "Epithermal/Thermal neutron counting rate ratio" (E/T) theory. The effects of borehole diameter, thickness of iron tube and well fluid on the decay rate of epithermal and thermal neutrons and their uncertainty correction methods were investigated. The results show that the effect of borehole diameter on E/T is negligible. The iron tube thickness has a certain effect on the moderation and absorption of epithermal and thermal neutrons, and its E/T increases slightly with increasing thickness. The influence of iron tube thickness on E/T is corrected and the relative uncertainty is less than 5%. The well fluid thickness also affects the decay rate of epithermal and thermal neutrons, and its E/T follows the law of negative exponential attenuation. The influence of well fluid thickness on E/T is corrected and the relative uncertainty is less than 5%. This study provides technical guidance for field well survey of uranium deposit.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.469-477
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• 2016

To evaluate the $CO_2$ storage capacity for the reservoir rock, the laboratory scale technique to measure the amount of $scCO_2$, replacing pore water of the reservior rock after the $CO_2$ injection was developed in this study. Laboratory experiments were performed to measure the $scCO_2$ displacement efficiency of the conglomerate and the sandstone in Janggi basin, which are classified as available $CO_2$ storage rocks in Korea. The high pressurized stainless steel cell containing two different walls was designed and undisturbed rock cores acquired from the deep drilling site around Janggi basin were used for the experiments. From the lab experiments, the average $scCO_2$ displacement efficiency of the conglomerate and the sandstone in Janggi basin was measured at 31.2% and 14.4%, respectively, which can be used to evaluate the feasibility of the Janggi basin as a $scCO_2$ storage site in Korea. Assuming that the effective radius of the $CO_2$ storage formations is 250 m and the average thickness of the conglomerate and the sandstone formation under 800 m in depth is 50 m each (from data of the drilling profile and the geophysical survey), the $scCO_2$ storage capacity of the reservoir rocks around the probable $scCO_2$ injection site in Janggi basin was calculated at 264,592 metric ton, demonstrating that the conglomerate and the sandstone formations in Janggi basin have a great potential for use as a pilot scale test site for the $CO_2$ storage in Korea.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2006

Three differing sandstones, two synthetic and one field sample, have been tested ultrasonically under a range of confining pressures and pore pressures representative of in-situ reservoir pressures. These sandstones include: a synthetic sandstone with calcite intergranular cement produced using the CSIRO Calcite In-situ Precipitation Process (CIPS); a synthetic sandstone with silica intergranular cement; and a core sample from the Otway Basin Waarre Formation, Boggy Creek 1 well, from the target lithology for a trial $CO_2$ pilot project. Initial testing was carried on the cores at "room-dried" conditions, with confining pressures up to 65 MPa in steps of 5 MPa. All cores were then flooded with $CO_2$, initially in the gas phase at 6 MPa, $22^{\circ}C$, then with liquid-phase $CO_2$ at a temperature of $22^{\circ}C$ and pressures from 7 MPa to 17 MPa in steps of 5 MPa. Confining pressures varied from 10 MPa to 65 MPa. Ultrasonic waveforms for both P- and S-waves were recorded at each effective pressure increment. Velocity versus effective pressure responses were calculated from the experimental data for both P- and S-waves. Attenuations $(1/Q_p)$ were calculated from the waveform data using spectral ratio methods. Theoretical calculations of velocity as a function of effective pressure for each sandstone were made using the $CO_2$ pressure-density and $CO_2$ bulk modulus-pressure phase diagrams and Gassmann effective medium theory. Flooding the cores with gaseous phase $CO_2$ produced negligible change in velocity-effective stress relationships compared to the dry state (air saturated). Flooding with liquid-phase $CO_2$ at various pore pressures lowered velocities by approximately 8% on average compared to the air-saturated state. Attenuations increased with liquid-phase $CO_2$ flooding compared to the air-saturated case. Experimental data agreed with the Gassmann calculations at high effective pressures. The "critical" effective pressure, at which agreement with theory occurred, varied with sandstone type. Discrepancies are thought to be due to differing micro-crack populations in the microstructure of each sandstone type. The agreement with theory at high effective pressures is significant and gives some confidence in predicting seismic behaviour under field conditions when $CO_2$ is injected.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.6 no.1_2 s.7
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• pp.8-19
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• 1998

In the Sinri area located at the mid western boundary of the Jinan basin, the Manduksan Formation which mainly consists of coarse sandstone narrowly intercalated with shale and the alternation of sand and shale and the Dalgil Formation mainly of shale are distributed. It consists of four lithofacies, such as coarse sandstone, interbedded sandstone/shale, shale and volcanic rock lithofacies. All sediments are interpreted to be deposited by turbidity currents and free fallouts in a lacustrine basin. In these rocks many penecontemporaneous defomation structures are observed such as fold and thrust fault at large scale, and swelling, boudin structure, flame structure, load structure, ptygmatic fold and convolute bedding at small scale. All these structures are developed between upper and lower undisturbed sedimentary strata. Two large folds are similar folds, but lower one gradually developed into concentric shape. The swelling structures by convergence of the sediments are observed in the hinge area and the boudin structures are developed in the limb. The thrust faults including minor folds and sandstone lobes show duplex structure with asymmetric and kink fold on and below in front of the detached sandstone layer. Development of the swellings, boudins and lobes indicates the flexbility of the sediments during deformational episodes. The folds and thrust faults rarely contain fractures relative their scales and lithologies. This feature also indicates the retrievability of sediments during deformation. At the flanks of the thrust faults the normal faults are formed contemporaneously. The deformation structures at small scale such as flame structures, load structures, ptygmatic folds and convolute beddings are syndepositional and penecontemporaneous, which show the effects of tectonic movements. All these deformed sedimentary structures of the Sinri area suggest the continuing tectonic movements during and/or after deposition.