• Title/Summary/Keyword: Sand addition

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Shoreline Change Analysis of Haeundae Beach Using Airborne LiDAR Survey (항공 LiDAR 측량을 이용한 해운대 해안의 해안선 변화 분석)

  • Lee, Jae One;Kim, Yong Suk;We, Gwang Jae
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.4D
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    • pp.561-567
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    • 2008
  • In this study, shoreline change was analyzed by RTK-GPS and advanced airborne LiDAR survey. For extraction of coastline, first of all, tide correction was conducted at all RTK-GPS points through the comparing with the corresponding tidal height, and cross section providing coastline was produced using Autocad Civil3D program. Comparing with two results of RTK-GPS (first, 29 Aug 2007; second, 6 Oct 2007) surveys, coastline of the first result had been decreased about 21m compare with that of the second. And it was also demonstrated that the length of coastline by the first RTK-GPS was 15m shorter than that by the airborne LiDAR survey (Dec. 2006). In addition, we recoquized that the erosion appeared in the top right-hand (dock area); the sediment in the bottom left-hand (Chosun beach area) of the Haeundae beach. As a result, therefore, it was learned that artificial sand filling for beach open and natural effects such as a typhoon, current drift, wind direction gave cause for area changes and coastline.

Analysis of Characteristics in the Land Cover Types of Inland Wetlands Using the National Wetland DB at South Korea (국가습지 DB를 활용한 남한 내륙습지의 토지피복 유형 특성 분석)

  • Lee, Ye-Seul;Yoon, Hye-Yeon;Lee, Seong-Ho;JANG, Dong-Ho;Yun, Kwang-Sung;Lee, Chang-Su
    • Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.71-88
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    • 2020
  • This study modified the properties and boundaries of the inland wetland types through the structural edit of the National Wetland DB, and analyzed the characteristics of the different land cover by area and the entire inland wetlands of South Korea. The inland wetlands of the Gangwon Basin had a small area of waters. In addition, the ratio of natural barren was high, reflecting the characteristics of the upper reaches of the large river in the east and west part of Gangwon Province. The Geum River Basin had a high percentage of aggregate land due to the development of large alluvial land, and the ratio of artistic barren was low, so various ecosystem service of wetland elements were distributed evenly. The Nakdong River Basin had a high proportion of waters as water level in the channel rose due to the installation of 4 Major Rivers Beam, and the ratio of Natural barren was low. Moreover, the water level of the main attributes flowing into the Nakdong River drainage system was not high, so the ratio of vegetation concentration was high. The Yeongsan River Basin showed that Waters had the high proportion. And the distribution of Natural barrens represented differently according to the Yeongsan River Basin and the Seomjin River Basin. Finally, Sand and Gravels supplied to rivers during precipitation were deposited in the main stream of the Han River Basin, and the differences between the side and high side was large in the area, reflecting the characteristics of the mouth of a river, so the Natural barren of Clay was distributed.

A Study on the Geomorphic Landscape of Yeongdong Area Described in the Haedong Myeongsan Docheop (해동명산도첩에 나타난 영동지역 지형 경관에 대한 연구)

  • Shin, Won Jeong;Kim, Jong Yeon
    • Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.53-70
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    • 2020
  • Silgyeong sansuhwa (Realistic landscape paintings) are drawn in Korea since 17th century. It has characteristics of more realistic description of landscape than painting from previous periods. Kim Hong Do's 'Haedong Myeongsan docheop (The album of paintings of famous mountains in Korea)' has been recognized as fine example of realistic description of geomorphic landscapes. Kim Hong Do and Kim Eung hwan did official travel to Gwandong and Geumgangsan area by order of King Jeongjo in 1788. As a result of that travel they draw about 100 piece of landscape painting. About 60 pieces of the paintings are still remaining. These are open to public by Korea National Museum in 1996. 14 pieces of painting, Daegwanryeong and Gangneung, Gyeongpo-dae, Hohae-jeong, Gahak-jeong, Cheonggan-jeong, Mun-am, Mangyang-jeong, Wolsong-jeong, Neungpa-dae, Naksan-sa, Mureung-gye, Gyejo-gul, and Hyeonjong-am, are analysed in this study. Coastal depositional landforms, like lagoon, sand beach and spit or barriers, erosional forms, like sea stack, sea cliff and sea cave, depicted in the paintings are analysed. In addition, structural landforms, colluvial landform and bedrock incision form by the running water in mountain area were analysed and weathered forms of granite and excursion to karst cave also discussed. It is found that sea arch in the printing destroyed since 1788, though exact position and reason is still unknown. There are strong need for discovery and identification of geomorphic landscape resources, for applied geomorphological studies and for prepare educational materials for non-face-to-face education. It also be emphasized that it can be used of the course work materials for future education using augmented reality and virtual reality technology.

A Study on the Selectively Block Barrier for Prevent the Spread of TPH and Phenol in the Ground (지중 내 TPH, Phenol의 확산방지를 위한 선택적 차수재 제조에 관한 연구)

  • HoJin Lim;WooRi Cho;SeungJin Oh;SuHee Kim;JaiYoung Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2024
  • In this study, a selecvively block barrier was developed to prevent the spread of contaminants (TPH, Phenol) in the ground only when contamination occurs. The materials were used Jumunjin sand, bentonite, polyolefin elastomer and spill hound marine. First, the properties and environmental hazards characteristics of materials were analyzed for evaluated their usability. Then, the possibility of use as a barrier material was confirmed by analyzing the water permeability characteristics that change after 24 hours of contact with contaminants. As a result of the analysis, the pH of each component was similar to the general groundwater pH range. In addition, the toxicity characteristics and the possibility of dissolution of hazardous substances, it was determined that there was no environmental hazard as the content was below the regulation value. Lastly, when comparing the permeability coefficient before and after contact with the contaminant, the permeability coefficient of approximately α × 10-3cm/sec before contact was reduced to α × 10-6cm/sec after contact with the contaminant.

Potential of River Bottom and Bank Erosion for River Restoration after Dam Slit in the Mountain Stream

  • Kang, Ji-Hyun;So, Kazama
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.46-46
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    • 2011
  • Severe sediment erosion during floods occur disaster and economic losses, but general sediment erosion is basic mechanism to move sediment from upstream to downstream river. In addition, it is important process to change river form. Check dam, which is constructed in mountain stream, play a vital role such as control of sudden debris flow, but it has negative aspects to river ecosystem. Now a day, check dam of open type is an alternative plan to recover river biological diversity and ecosystem through sediment transport while maintaining the function of disaster control. The purpose of this paper is to verify sediment erosion progress of river bottom and bank as first step for river restoration after dam slit by cross-sectional shear stress and critical shear stress. Study area is upstream reach of slit check dam in mountain stream, named Wasada, in Japan. The check dam was slit with two passages in August, 2010. The transects were surveyed for four upstream cross-sections, 7.4 m, 34 m, 86 m, and 150 m distance from dam in October 2010. Sediment size was surveyed at river bottom and bank. Sediment of cobble size was found at the wetted bottom, and small size particles of sand to medium gravel composed river bank. Discharge was $2.5\;m^3/s$ and bottom slope was 0.027 m/m. Excess shear stress (${\tau}_{ex}$) was calculated for hydraulic erosion by subtracting the values of critical shear stress (${\tau}_{c}$) from the value of shear stress (${\tau}$) at river bottom and bank (${\tau}_{ex}=\tau-{\tau}_c$). Shear stress of river bottom (${\tau}_{bottom}$) was calculated using the cross-sectional shear stress, and bank shear stress (${\tau}_{bank}$) was calculated from the method of Flintham and Carling (1988). $${\tau}_{bank}={\tau}^*SF_{bank}((B+P_{bed})/(2^*P_{bank}))$$ where $SF_{bank}=1.77(P_{bed}/p_{bank}+1.5)^{-1.4}$, B is the water surface width, $P_{bed}$ and $P_{bank}$ are wetted parameter of the bed and bank. Estimated values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ for a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$ were lower as 25.0 (7.5 m cross-section), 25.7 (34 m), 21.3 (86 m) and 19.8 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, than critical shear stress (${\tau}_c=62.1\;N/m^2$) with cobble of 64 mm. The values were insufficient to erode cobble sediment. In contrast, even if the values of ${\tau}_{bank}$ were lower than the values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ as 18.7 (7.5 m), 19.3 (34 m), 16.1 (86 m) and 14.7 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, excess shear stresses were calculated at the three cross-sections of 7.5 m, 34 m, and 86 m distances compare with ${\tau}_c$ is 15.5 N/$m^2$ of 16mm gravel. Bank shear stresses were sufficient for erosion of the medium gravel to sand. Therefore there is potential to erode lateral bank than downward erosion in a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$. Undercutting of the wetted bank can causes bank scour or collapse, therefore this channel has potential to become wider at the same time. This research is about a potential of sediment erosion, and the result could not verify with real data. Therefore it need next step for verification. In addition an erosion mechanism for river restoration is not simple because discharge distribution is variable by snow-melting or rainy season, and a function for disaster control will recover by big precipitation event. Therefore it needs to consider the relationship between continuous discharge change and sediment erosion.

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The Research on the Management Plan of Geological Heritage in Korea using GIS (지리정보를 활용한 한국의 지질유산 정보화 구축 및 관리방안 제시)

  • Lee, SooJae;Lee, MoungJin
    • Journal of Environmental Policy
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.103-123
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    • 2015
  • To provide effective management policy of geo-heritages, concept of Korean geo-heritage has been organized based on geo-diversity, geo-conservation, geo-tourism, and earth-heritage. In addition, current status of geo-heritage in Korea has been grasped, and categorized. In case GPS (Global Positioning System) coordinates exist, spatial information was constructed as GIS (Geographic Information System). Geo-heritages were classified into a total of six categories of natural monument, scenic site, coastal sand-dune, natural cave, world nature heritage, and other types of geo-heritage. By mapping 991 geo-heritages scattered nationwide using geographical information, all statuses can now be readily identified and enable the analysis of the distribution tendencies and correlation with topography. This study was aimed at searching the political connection based on quantitatively organized and analyzed geo-heritages, which have not been mapped thus far. In addition, this study organized data that have existed only in literature, and presented example verification. Moreover, these can be used as guidelines for the future search, discovery, registration and management of geo-heritage. If additional geo-heritages are discovered in field studies or with satellite images, then more correlations may be identified and help facilitate the research on geo-heritages management plans.

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The Influence of Fine Particles under 0.08 mm Contained in Aggregate on the Characteristics of Concrete (골재 중 0.08 mm 이하 미립분의 종류가 콘크리트의 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Song, Jin-Woo;Choi, Jae-Jin
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.347-354
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    • 2013
  • Recently, crushed fine aggregates are being widely used due to the shortage of natural sand. In Korea, the amount of fine particles under 0.08 mm contained in crushed fine aggregates is restricted to be less than 7%, which is similar to the regulations of ASTM but is still very strict compared to the regulations of the other nations. In addition, the crushed aggregates already have in them about 20% of fine particles under 0.08 mm which occurs while they are crushed. The fine particles are not easy to wash out, and also to maximize the use of resources it is deemed necessary to review the possibility of enhancing the limit of the amount of fine particles. Therefore, this study conducted experiments to analyze the characteristics of fine particles under 0.08mm and their influence on the properties of concrete. Experiments using silt and cohesive soil were also done for comparison. In the experiments on fine particles, the methylene blue value was more in the soil dust contained in silt and cohesive soil than in the stone powder contained in crushed fine aggregates. Also, the methylene blue value had a close correlation with packing density and liquid & plastic limit. In the experiments done with concrete, the quantity of high range water reducing agent demanded to obtain the same slump increased as the fine particle substitution rate heightened. However, in the experiment which used stone powder testing the compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete in the same water-cement ratio, there was little change in strength with less than 20% addition of fine particles among the fine aggregates, and no meaningful difference in the amount of drying shrinkage of concrete.

A Study on the Fabrication of Shrinkage-Free Mullite--$ZrO_2$ Ceramics with Al-Additives (Al첨가에 의한 무수축 Mullite-$ZrO_2$ 요업체의 제조에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jeong-Uk;Kim, Il-Su
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.5 no.7
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    • pp.888-896
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    • 1995
  • In this paper the manufacture of shrinkage-free in situ Mullite-ZrO$_2$ceramics through the addition of Al base metal powder to the mixture of ZrSiO$_4$and A1$_2$O$_3$was attempt. The ZrO$_2$-strengthened mullite ceramics was prepared after the following reaction form, 3(Al+Al$_2$O$_3$)+2ZrSiO$_4$longrightarrow3A1$_2$O$_3$.2SiO$_2$+2ZrO$_2$Al metal powder was added from none to 30 weight percent to the A1$_2$O$_3$. The powders were mechanically mixed, isostatically pressed and reaction sintered at 1450-1$600^{\circ}C$ for 3hours. The specimens were sintered with and without intrim soaking time for 5 hours at 125$0^{\circ}C$ for the oxidation of Al-powder The addition of aluminium accelerates the reaction and compensate the shrinkage during the sintering through an increase in volume of oxidized Al. Because coarse flake type Al metal powders were not effectively milled, oxidized Al resulted in the relative large pore in the specimen.

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A Study on the Application of UBC3D-PLM for Soil Liquefaction Analysis (액상화 해석을 위한 UBC3D-PLM의 적용성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Eon-Sang;Kim, Byung-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2022
  • In this study, a model parameter evaluation method using relative density was proposed to utilize applicable UBC3D-PLM for liquefaction behavior. In addition, dynamic effective stress analysis, that is, liquefaction analysis, was performed on the case of the liquefaction occurrence region where acceleration and pore water pressure were measured, and compared with the actual measurement and the existing Finn analysis results. Through this study, it was found that the proposed method can easily evaluate the necessary parameters required by the related model and predict the pore water pressure behavior in the region where liquefaction occurs. In addition, in the case of the study area, both measurements and numerical analysis showed that liquefaction occurred when a certain amount of time elapsed after the earthquake acceleration reached the maximum value. In the case of UBC3D-PLM applied in this study, the excess pore water pressure behavior similar to the actual measurement was predicted, and the occurrence of liquefaction was evaluated in the same way as the actual measurement. In particular, although the excess pore water pressure in the sand layer was greater, the phenomenon in which liquefaction occurred in the silt layer was accurately realized. It is expected that the proposed model parameter evaluation method and finite element analysis applying UBC3D-PLM can be used to select the liquefaction reinforcement region in the future seismic design and reinforcement by evaluating the liquefaction occurrence region similarly to the real one.

Strength Properties of Porous Concrete Containing Natural Fine Aggregate and Bottom Ash Aggregate (천연 잔골재와 바텀애시 골재를 활용한 다공성 콘크리트의 강도 특성)

  • Seung-Tae Jeong;Ji-Hun Park;In-Hwan Yang
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.192-201
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    • 2023
  • In this paper, the strength properties of porous concrete containing natural fine aggregates and bottom ash aggregates were investigated, The material properties of natural fine aggregates and bottom ash were identified then used as aggregates for porous concrete. The water-binder ratio was constant at 0.25, and the com paction level of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 MPa was applied to produce a porous concrete specimen. Test of unit weight, ultrasonic velocity, compressive strength, and flexural tensile strength were perform ed and analyzed. The unit weight, ultrasonic velocity, com pressive strength, and flexural tensile strength increased as the compaction level increased and also the replacement rate of bottom ash with sand(fine aggregate) increased. In addition, through regression analysis, the correlation between the unit weight, compressive strength, and flexural tensile strength of bottom ash porous concrete was presented. Unit weight and strength properties are proportional to each other and showed an increasing correlation. In addition, the correlation coefficient (R2) value of regression analysis was calculated based on the experimental results of this study and those of other research papers.