• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.319-322
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• 2010

This study was to obtain essential information that can be used to index Notoginseng Radix(Panax notoginseng, Sanchi) cultivated in Winnan, China. The ginsenoside contents in various Sanchi on various parts and ages were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. The average of total saponin and the ginsenoside contents of each 3-year-old Sanchi cultivated in China were higher than those of the Sanchi for longer period. As a result, the order of the total saponin contents was 3-year-old (7.13%), 4-year-old (6.27%), 5-year-old (5.34%), and 6-year-old (4.06%) Sanchi. On the other hand, the total saponin average and the ginsenoside contents of each of the fine roots, lateral roots, and rhizomes of Sanchi cultivated in China were similar to the 6-year-old Sanchi.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 1982

The composition and concentration of ginsenosides and the free sugars in panax ginseng(Korea ginseng), panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) and panax pseudoginseng var. notoginseng (Sanchi ginseng), were investigated. The major ginsenosides and the order of their amount in panax ginseng are Rbl, Rc Rgl, Re, Rb2 Rd and these are about 90% of total ginsenosides, but major ginsenosides of American and Snachi ginseng art Rbl, Re, Rg1 (about 91% of total) ansi Rgl, Rbl, Re (about 93% of total) respectively. Sanchi ginseng was observed in higher concentration of panaxatriol than panaxadiol unlike panax and American ginseng. Free sugars in white ginseng are fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose. Whereas, in red ginseng rhamnose and xylose were also detected as free sugar.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1996

This study was carried out to determine the differences of essential oil components among Korean, Chinese and Japanese red ginseng, and Korean white ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A Mayer) , American and Canadian ginseng (P. Quinquefolium), and sanchi ginseng (P notoginseng). The steam distilled oils of these ginsengs were analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and 22 sesquiterpenes, 8 sesquiterpene alcohols, 8 monoterpenes, 5 aldehydes, 4 esters, 3 acids, 2 alcohols and 5 miscellaneous components were identified. The major oil components of Korean, Chinese and Japanese red ginseng were $\beta$-panasinsene, $\beta$-caryophyllene, $\alpha$-panasinsene, $\alpha$-neoclovene, selina-4,11-diane, bicyclo-ger-macrene and spathulenol. The contents of $\beta$-panasinsene, $\alpha$-neoclovene, $\alpha$-basabolene and spathulenol were higher in Korean red ginseng than Chinese and Japanese red ginseng. The contents of $\alpha$-cubebene, selina-4,11-diene and ledol were higher in Chinese red ginseng than Korean and Japanese red ginseng, but those of selina-4,11-diene and spathulenol were lower in Japanese red ginseng than Korean or Chinese red ginseng. On the other hand, the GC patterns of the oils from American, Canadian and sanchi ginseng were different from that of Korean white ginseng.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 1998

Comparative cytotoxic activities of petroleum ether soluble fraction from various ginsengs of Panax species were evaluated using A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and SK-OV-3(human ovary carcinoma) cancer cell lines. Korean red ginseng, Korean white ginseng, American ginseng and Canadian ginseng were found to show more potent cytotoxicitles on A549 and SK-OV-3 cell lines than Chinese red ginseng, Japanese red ginseng and Sanchi ginseng. It is noteworthy that especially, red ginseng prepared from the root of Panax ginseng cultivated in Korea shows relatively stronger cytotoxic activities than those cultivated in China and Japan.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.369.1-369.1
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• 2002

In our previous study, the leaves of Ixeris sonchifolia afforded two new and two known guaiane type sesquiterpene lactones by activity-guided fractionation. Now we report additional isolation of sesquiterpene lactones from the roots of Ixeris sanchi!a!ia. They are glucozaluzanin C and ixerin H. Ixerin H is germacranolide type sesquiterpene glucuside. Theil structures were determined by 1 D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. (omitted)

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.135-156
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• 2011

Stupa in India divides into two: stupa in flatland temple with a character of tomb, and devotional stupa made for offering. The difference of such character is made by whether there is any Sari, and main center for worship is flatland stupa where Sari is settled. Stupa in flatland temple is targeted to that with Sari, whose character is applied into Relief-stupa. The characteristics of Relief-stupa can be divided into two: a relief with similar type of flatland stupa in the form, and a devotional relief in which drum and upper part of tower are developed. The Relief-stupa of flatland temple could be confirmed at tower gate of Sanchi tower, decoration of handrail, and the wall attached to Amaravati and Nagarjunakonda stupa. To the contrary, drum and upper wheel part in the Relief-stupa are developed in the votive stupa. Such characteristics had different features according to usage: The example of former is that there is an expression of landscape of stupa built at that time, and the example of latter is those which had similar type of stone cave temple or offering tower near stupa. Thus, the meaning is subject to the existing of Sari. Stupa building developed along with the development of Buddhist structural activity with the existing popular tradition. And its influence was expanded along with various cultures locally. And, the structure and tower reflected various types and thoughts. Stupa reflected its building site and method according to types, and was created in a new form by its usage.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 2009

The dried roots of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) and Sanchi (Panax notoginseng) have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation as well as various other bodily functions. Here we investigated the effects of a mixture of aqueous extracts of Danshen and Sanchi, named PASEL, on blood pressure and vascular contractility in rats. Orally administered PASEL (62.5 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, for 5 weeks) lowered the blood pressure of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) but this was not observed in normal Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKR). We then investigated the effects of PASEL on the arterial contraction of the small branches of cerebral arteries (CAs) and large conduit femoral arteries (FAs) in rats. PASEL did not affect high-K (KCI 60 mM)- or phenyleprine (PhE)-induced contracture of FAs. The myogenic response, a reactive arterial constriction in response to increased luminal pressure, of small CA was dose-dependently suppressed by PASEL in SHR as well as control rats. Interestingly, the KCI-induced contraction of small CAs was slowly reversed by PASEL, and this effect was more prominent in SHR than control WKR. PASEL did not inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. These results demonstrated that the antihypertensive effect of PASEL might be primarily mediated by altering the arterial MR, not by direct inhibition of L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels or by ACE inhibition.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.253-261
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• 2002

To follow the metabolic fate of aglycone of ginseng saponins,in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. Incubation of 20(S)-prtopanaxatriol (1) with rat liver S9 fraction afforded unique ocotillol derivatives, 20, 24-epoxysides (3 and 4). Also 20(S)-prtopanaxadiol (2) gave the corresponding epoxides (5). Healthy volunteers were taken with Sanchi Ginseng, which contains protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol saponins and no ocotillol saponins. From the alkaline hydrolysate of the urine samples of these volunteers,3 was detected as well as 1, and the ratio of 3/1 increased up to 2.0 at the maximum at 50 hrs. Biochemical significance of the ocotillol derivatives is discussed, since the main bioactive saponin in Panax vietnamensis is an ocotillol-type saponin, majonoside R2 (7).

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.1183-1194
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• 2004

Network partitioning problem is to partition a network into multiple blocks such that the size of cutset is minimized while keeping the block sizes balanced. Among these, iterative algorithms are regarded as simple and efficient which are based on cell move of Fiduccia and Mattheyses algorithm, Sanchis algorithm, or Kernighan and Lin algorithm. All these algorithms stipulate balanced block size as a constraint that should be satisfied, which makes a cell movement be inefficient. Park and Park introduced a balancing coefficient R by which the block size balance is considered as a part of partitioning cost, not as a constraint. However, Park and Park's algorithm has a square time complexity with respect to the number of cells. In this paper, we proposed Bucket algorithm that has a linear time complexity with respect to the number of cells, while taking advantage of the balancing coefficient. Reducing time complexity is made possible by a simple observation that balancing cost does not vary so much when a cell moves. Bucket data structure is used to maintain partitioning cost efficiently. Experimental results for MCNC test sets show that cutset size of proposed algorithm is 63.33% 92.38% of that of Sanchis algorithm while our algorithm satisfies predefined balancing constraints and acceptable execution time.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.57-66
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• 2015

As Sri Lanka Stupa had been affected by Indian stupa directly, understanding Sri Lanka Stupa is important to know about the flow of Buddhist Art History, which is showing the variation of Initial Buddhist stupa. Due to invasions and disasters, all Sri Lanka's Stupa collapsed and became random mound. After restoration works, Stupa shape changed dramatically from the Initial shape to Existing shape. Since it is hard to find out how Initial stupas were like, Sanchi Stupa needed to be an example for the comparative study as an Initial shape. Sri Lanka Stupa have Square foundation and 3 Basal rings that are supporting the Main Dome. Entrances are on all 4 sides, Railing and Torana(gate) has never found in Sri Lanka stupa. Sri Lanka stupa has been classified with the shape of Dome into 6~8 types according to "Vijayanta Potha", the Ancient Buddhist Description, and described by several researchers confusingly. With the inconvenience of using unfamiliar words and irrational gap between the Initial Sri Lanka stupa and Existing Sri Lanka stupa, proposing new classification of Sri Lanka Stupa is necessary. Existing Sri Lanka Stupa can be classified into 4 types : which is (1)Bell type, (2)Pot type, (3)Mound type, (4)Bubble type. This suggestion is for further studies to use Easier and shorter words to describe the types and make it reasonable to use, since the current classification includes 3 stupa types even there is no case for any of them. Restrict Stupa Classifications within existing Sri Lanka Stupa is needed because the current classification had been continued for hundreds of years without any adjustments. Bell type is mainly located in Anuradhapura. Pot type and Mound type is only found in limited area, and Bubble type is located in most area of Sri Lanka.