• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.381-392
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• 2018

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganesis (Cmm) is a quarantine-worthy pest in $M{\acute{e}}xico$. The implementation and validation of new technologies is necessary to reduce the time for bacterial detection in laboratory conditions and Raman spectroscopy is an ambitious technology that has all of the features needed to characterize and identify bacteria. Under controlled conditions a contagion process was induced with Cmm, the disease epidemiology was monitored. Micro-Raman spectroscopy ($532nm\;{\lambda}$ laser) technique was evaluated its performance at assisting on Cmm detection through its characteristic Raman spectrum fingerprint. Our experiment was conducted with tomato plants in a completely randomized block experimental design (13 plants ${\times}$ 4 rows). The Cmm infection was confirmed by 16S rDNA and plants showed symptoms from 48 to 72 h after inoculation, the evolution of the incidence and severity on plant population varied over time and it kept an aggregated spatial pattern. The contagion process reached 79% just 24 days after the epidemic was induced. Micro-Raman spectroscopy proved its speed, efficiency and usefulness as a non-destructive method for the preliminary detection of Cmm. Carotenoid specific bands with wavelengths at 1146 and $1510cm^{-1}$ were the distinguishable markers. Chemometric analyses showed the best performance by the implementation of PCA-LDA supervised classification algorithms applied over Raman spectrum data with 100% of performance in metrics of classifiers (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative and positive predictive value) that allowed us to differentiate Cmm from other endophytic bacteria (Bacillus and Pantoea). The unsupervised KMeans algorithm showed good performance (100, 96, 98, 91 y 100%, respectively).

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.463-473
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• 2019

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has proved to be an effective tool in applied environmental nanotechnology, where the decreased particle diameter provides a drastic change in the properties and efficiency of nanomaterials used in water purification. However, the agglomeration and colloidal instability represent a problematic and a remarkable reduction in nZVI reactivity. In view of that, this study reports a simple and cost-effective new strategy for ultra-small (< 7.5%) distributed functionalized nZVI-EG (1-9 nm), with high colloidal stability and reduction capacity. These were obtained without inert conditions, using a simple, economical synthesis methodology employing two stabilization mechanisms based on the use of non-aqueous solvent (methanol) and ethylene glycol (EG) as a stabilizer. The information from UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggests iron ion coordination by interaction with methanol molecules. Subsequently, after nZVI formation, particle-surface modification occurs by the addition of the EG. Size distribution analysis shows an average diameter of 4.23 nm and the predominance (> 90%) of particles with sizes < 6.10 nm. Evaluation of the stability of functionalized nZVI by sedimentation test and a dynamic light-scattering technique, demonstrated very high colloidal stability. The ultra-small particles displayed a rapid and high nitrate removal capacity from water.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권9호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the frequency of abnormalities in the newborn oral cavity and to evaluate the association with prenatal and perinatal factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 2,216 newborns. Oral findings were assessed in the first 24 hours of life using visual examination. Sex, weight, length, gestational age, and medical disorders at birth were recorded. Maternal demographic and medical information was also obtained. Results: The most common oral findings were Bohn's nodules, Epstein's pearls, and dental lamina cysts. Other intraoral findings included odontogenic cysts, ankyloglossia, and natal teeth, among others. In logistic regression analyses, folic acid consumption during pregnancy was significantly associated with Bohn's nodules (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-2.55; P=0.002), Epstein's pearls (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.14-2.33; P=0.007), and dental lamina cysts (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02-2.05; P=0.038). Moreover, preterm births were negatively associated with prevalence of Bohn's nodules (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50-0.80; $P{\leq}0.0001$). Comparison between newborns with and without oral inclusion cysts showed that maternal folic acid and iron intake were significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion: Maternal folic acid and iron intake were associated with the prevalence of oral inclusion cysts.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.163-176
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• 2019

멕시코 중부 산 루이스 포토시주의 기반암은 상부 고생대 변성암으로 구성되어있으며, 산 루이스 포토시주의 북동쪽에 위치한 시에라 데 카토르세 중심부에 노출되어있다. 고생대 기반암을 부정합으로 덮고 있는 퇴적층은 상부 쥬라기 해성층으로 구성되며, 자카테카스층과 상부 트라이아스기 육성 우이자찰층의 적색층준과 일치한다. 이들 층은 쥬라기 라 호야 적색층 또는 상부 쥬라기 해성층에 의해 부정합으로 덮혀있다. 산 루이스 포토시주에서, 이 층위에는 백악기 석회질 해성층이 정합으로 놓여있다. 신생대층들은 상기한 암석들중 일부를 부정합으로 덮고 있으며, 해성 쇄설암뿐만아니라 미분화된 화산암들로 구성된다. 현존하는 관입 화성암들은 산성 내지 중성 조성이며 변성 기반암 및 퇴적암을 관입한다. 플라이스토세에 증발성 퇴적물을 수반한 역암들이 퇴적되었다. 제4기 지질은 현무암류, 산록퇴적물, 충적층, 증발암 및 염류 피각층으로 구성되어있다. 산 루이스 포토시 주에는, 매우 다양한 금속 및 비금속 광상유형이 알려져있다. 이들 광상의 모암은 매우 다양하며 고생대부터 제3기까지를 구성하는 층들을 포함한다. 광화연령은 약 75%가 제3기이며 주로 후생성 광상이다. 결론적으로, 멕시코 산 루이스 포토시주의 지질-자원 정보는 향후 국내기업이 멕시코의 광업분야 진출시 금속 및 비금속 광화대 부존지 예측 및 유망광화대 선정에 활용될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 1992년도 추계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.4-4
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• 1992

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with soybean or canola oil on milk production and the composition of long chain fatty acids as well as weight changes in the goats and their kids. Methods: Thirty nine mulitparous crossed Alpine${\times}$Nubian goats (initial body weight [BW] $43.5{\pm}1.7kg$) from the day of parturition were assigned to the treatments: grazing control (n = 15); grazing plus 20 mL/goat/d of supplemental soybean oil (n = 12); and grazing plus 20 mL/goat/d of supplemental canola oil (n = 12) from November 26, 2014 to March 7, 2015. The planned contrasts were: CI (control vs supplemented with oils); CII (soybean vs canola oil) to compare the treatment effects. Results: The vegetable oil supplementation reduced weight losses in lactating goats (CI: -0.060 vs 0.090 kg/d; p = 0.03) but did not improve milk production or affect kids' growth. The content of C4, C6, C8, C10, C11, C14, and C18:1n9t in the milk was increased (p<0.05) with respect to control. However, C12, C14, C16, C18, C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, and C18:3n3 were reduced (p<0.05) in supplemented goats. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was increased (p<0.05) in goats supplemented with oils compared to the control group. Conclusion: Supplementation with 20 mL/d of soybean or canola oil did not affect milk production or kids' performance; however, it increased CLA concentration and reduced the reduced weight losses in lactating goats.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

In this work, we report the use of caffeine as an alternative source of nitrogen to successfully dope graphene (quaternary 400.6 eV and pyridinic at 398 eV according XPS), as well as the growth of silver nanowires (in-situ) in the surface of nitrogen doped graphene (NG) sheets. We used the improved graphene oxide method (IGO), chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GOx), and impregnation with caffeine as source of nitrogen for doping and subsequently, silver nanowires (NW) grow in the surface by the reduction of silver salts in the presence of NG, achieving a numerous of growth of NW in the graphene sheets. As supporting experimental evidence, the samples were analyzed using conventional characterization techniques: SEM-EDX, XRD, FT-IR, micro RAMAN, TEM, and XPS.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.184-193
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• 2024

This paper presents the performance evaluation of an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay-assisted multiuser multiple input-multiple output (MU-MIMO) downlink transmission system for correlated fading channels. The overall system performance was improved by incorporating a double-quadrature spatial modulation (DQSM) scheme. The bit error rate (BER) performance and detection complexity of the AF-MU-MIMO-DQSM system were analyzed and compared with those of a conventional AF-MU-MIMO system under the same conditions and parameters. The results showed that the correlated fading channel severely affected the performance of systems with higher spectral efficiency (SE). Considering an SE of 12 bpcu/user, the AF-MU-MIMO-DQSM system yielded a gain of up to 3 dB in BER performance compared with that of its conventional counterpart for the analyzed cases. In terms of detection complexity, the AF-MU-MIMO-DQSM system showed a reduction of up to 56 % compared with that of the conventional system for the optimal maximum likelihood detection criterion.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.707-717
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• 2017

This paper presents a novel generalized quadrature spatial modulation (GQSM) transmission scheme using antenna grouping. The proposed GQSM scheme combines QSM and conventional spatial multiplexing (SMux) techniques in order to improve the spectral efficiency (SE) of the system. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed transmission scheme has minimal losses in terms of the average bit error probability along with the advantage of an increased SE compared with previous SM and QSM schemes. For the case studies, this advantage represents a reduction of up to 81% in terms of the number of required transmit antennas compared with QSM. In addition, a detection architecture based on the ordered successive interference cancellation scheme and the QR decomposition is presented. The proposed QRD-M adaptive algorithm showed a near-maximum-likelihood performance with a complexity reduction of approximately 90%.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2018

하월시아(Haworthia maughanii)의 기내 식물체 대량생산을 위하여 캘러스 유도에 적합한 부위와 신초 및 발근에 영향을 미치는 생장조절제 종류 및 농도를 구명하고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 캘러스 유도에 적합한 식물 부위를 구명 하기 위해 잎, 화뢰, 화경을 이용하여 NAA와 TDZ의 농도를 달리하여 MS배지에 치상한 결과, 잎은 $NAA\;1mgL^{-1}$와 $TDZ\;1mgL^{-1}$, 화뢰는 $NAA\;2mgL^{-1}$와 $TDZ\;2mgL^{-1}$, 화경는 $NAA\;1mgL^{-1}$이상의 단용처리에서 100% 캘러스 형성율을 보였고, 모든 부위에서 캘러스 형성율은 높았으나 가장 많은 배양절편 확보가 가능한 잎이 가장 효율적으로 판단되었다. $NAA\;0.1mgL^{-1}$와 $BA\;0.1mgL^{-1}$ 혼용처리구에서 다른 처리에 비해서 신초가 22.0개로 신초 발생에 가장 효과적이었다. 또한 신초의 대량증식은 $NAA\;0.1mgL^{-1}$와 $BA\;0.1mgL^{-1}$처리구에서 신초가 16.3개로 가장 많이 형성되었다. 이러한 결과는 최적의 기내 배양 조건을 통해 하월시아 만상의 대량생산 가능성을 보여주었다.