• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2008

Laboratory analytical results of 22 sets of hydrophobic adsorbent coils containing surface soil-vapor and two soil samples collected by conventional intrusive method from each boring location at two active dry cleaning facilities in the State of Illinois, U.S.A, were presented to evaluate the performance of soil-vapor survey. The most critical factor to determine the effectiveness of soil-vapor survey is the distance from the soil-vapor sampling device to the actual contamination, which is a function of soil porosity, permeability, primary lithology, and other geological and hydrogeological site-specific parameters. Also this factor can be affected by the history of contaminant-generating operations. The laboratory analytical results in this study showed longer dry cleaning operation history (i.e., 50 years) and presence of fine sand at the beneath Site B allow the contaminants to migrate farther and deeper over a fixed time compared to Site A(i.e., 35 years and silty clay) so that the soil-vapor survey is not likely the most effective environmental site investigation method alone for Site B. However, for Site A, the soil-vapor survey successfully screened the site to identify the location reporting the highest soil concentration of chlorinated solvents.

• 분석과학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2007

클로로페놀 12종을 폐수로부터 LPME법을 사용하여 추출하였고, GC/MS로 분석하였다. 최적의 추출조건을 확립하기 위해 추출용매의 종류, 시료의 양, pH, 염석 효과, 플런저 왕복 횟수 및 속도를 고려하여 최적의 조건을 확립하였다. 그 결과, 직선성이 0.9913에서 0.9999를 가지는 12가지의 검정곡선을 얻을 수 있었고, 검출한계와 정량한계도 2,3,4,5-테트라클로로페놀과 펜타클로로페놀(0.05-500 ng/mL)을 제외하고 0.05~10.0 ng/mL범위에서 얻을 수 있었다. 실제 폐수에서 4-클로로-3-메틸페놀(784 ng/mL)을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.496-513
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• 2004

본 연구는 환경 대기 중 독성 VOC 측정을 위하여 흡착제를 이용한 시료채취와 열탈착을 병용한 GC/MSD 분석방법론 전반을 총괄적으로 평가하고, 나아가 각종 흡착제의 VOC 시료채취 특성을 비교 평가하기 위하여 수행하였다. 측정대상물질은 BTEX와 유기염소계 화합물을 포함하는 총 33개의 VOC를 선정하였으며, 조사된 흡착제는 상용중인 10종을 대상으로 하였다. 이들 흡착제는 총 6종의 탄소계 (Carbotrap, Carbopack B, Carbotrap C, Carbosieve-SIII, Carboxene 1000 및 Activated Charcoal)와 4종의 고분자 수지계 (Tenax TA, Porapak Q, Chromosorb 102, Chromosorb 106) 로 구분되어 진다. 시료채취과정은 단일 흡착관과 다중흡착관을 대상으로 표준시료와 실제 현장시료를 대상으로 재현성과 감응계수 측면에서 평가하였으며, 측정 정확성은 Carbotrap을 기준으로 평가하였다. 실험결과, 독성 VOC에 가장 적합한 흡착제로는 Carbotrap과 Carbopack B 및 Tenax TA 인 것으로 나타났으며, 강한 흡착제는 열탈착 성능이 떨어지고, 시료 중 수분의 영향으로 감도와 재현성이 현저히 떨어지는 문제점으로 인하여 적합하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 3 종류의 이중흡착관과 2 종류의 삼중흡착관의 시료채취특성을 평가한 결과, Carbotrap C와 Carbotarp으로 조합된 경우가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 친수성인 강한 흡착제가 같이 충전된 삼중 흡착관의 사용은 수분의 영향을 최소화하는데 매우 세심한 주의가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 흡착시료채취법을 이용하여 실내외 환경에서의 독성 VOC 농도에 대한 신뢰성 있는 자료를 얻기 위해서는 적절한 흡착제의 선정 (혹은 조합) 및 그에 따른 최적 분석 조건의 설정에 무엇보다도 세심한 주의가 요망된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1879-1887
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• 2013

To investigate the level of genotoxicity over Bangkok atmosphere, $PM_{10}$ samples were collected at the Klongchan Housing Authority (KHA), Nonsree High School (NHS), Watsing High School (WHS), Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), Chokchai 4 Police Station (CPS), Dindaeng Housing Authority (DHA) and Badindecha High School (BHS). For all monitoring stations, each sample covered a period of 24 hours taken at a normal weekday every month from January-December 2006 forming a database of 84 individual air samples (i.e. $12{\times}7=84$). Atmospheric concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs (i.e. phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene and fluoranthene) were measured in $PM_{10}$ at seven observatory sites operated by the pollution control department of Thailand (PCD). The mutagenicity of extracts of the samples was compared in Salmonella according to standard Ames test method. The dependence of the effects on sampling time and on sampling location was investigated with the aid of a calculation of mutagenic index (MI). This MI was used to estimate the increase in mutagenicity above background levels (i.e. negative control) at the seven monitoring sites in urban area of Bangkok due to anthropogenic emissions within that area. Applications of the AMES method showed that the average MI of $PM_{10}$ collected at all sampling sites were $1.37{\pm}0.10$ (TA98; +S9), $1.24{\pm}0.08$ (TA98; -S9), $1.45{\pm}0.10$ (TA100; +S9) and $1.30{\pm}0.09$ (TA100; -S9) with relatively less variations. Analytical results reconfirm that the particulate PAH concentrations measured at PCD air quality monitoring stations are moderately low in comparison with previous results observed in other countries. In addition, the concept of incremental lifetime particulate matter exposure (ILPE) was employed to investigate the potential risks of exposure to particulate PAHs in Bangkok atmosphere.

• 분석과학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2012

DNPH 카트리지 방식으로 카보닐성분들을 채취할 때, 습도변화에 따른 채취효율의 특성을 체계적으로 진단하였다. 6개의 카보닐성분(formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (AA), propionaldehyde (PA), butyraldehyde (BA), isovaleraldehyde (IA), valeraldehyde (VA))을 함유한 기체상 표준시료를 DNPH카트리지로 흡수 후 용출하여 HPLC/UV 검출기로 분석하였다. 이 결과를 비슷한 수준으로 조제한 액상 혼합표준용액의 검정 결과와 비교하였다. 액상 표준시료와 대비하였을 때, 상대적으로 저분자 성분(폼알데하이드, 아세트알데하이드)에 비해 고분자 성분(프로피온알데하이드 이상)들의 회수율이 낮게 나타났다. 습도변화에 따른 기체상 표준시료의 채취효율을 0-80% 상대습도 범위에서 비교한 결과, 20~80%에서 저분자량과 고분자량 카보닐화합물들 간에 채취효율의 차이가 유지되었다. FA와 AA와 같은 저분자량 카보닐화합물의 경우, 습도의 변화에 대해 미미한 변화를 보였다. 그러나 PA 이상의 성분들은 회수율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 경향은 비교분석을 시도한 3개 제품에서 모두 유사한 경향을 보였으며, 고분자 카보닐화합물의 경우, 습도에 따른 회수율-변화를 적절히 보정할 필요가 있다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.208-216
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• 2016

This paper reports the results of a field evaluation which used sampling and analytical methods to determine the levels of airborne hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in major industrial complexes in Korea over a seven year period (2007-2013). Cr(VI) concentrations were determined using cellulose filter sampling and ion chromatography analysis. In order to validate the analytical performance of these methods, studies were also carried out to investigate data quality control (QC) parameters, such as the method detection limit (MDL), repeatability, and recovery efficiencies. The average concentrations of Cr(VI) for the nine industrial complexes in Korea were in the range of 0.09 to $1.40ng/m^3$, which is similar to of the concentrations in other industrial areas around the world. The impacts of Cr(VI) emissions from industrial areas on Cr(VI) concentrations in neighboring-residential areas were considerably low, and the dispersion of Cr(VI) from industrial areas to residential areas was estimated to be 'not-significant'. Cr(VI) levels were not affected by seasonal variation, which suggests that chromium was emitted continuously from the industrial sources throughout the year. The concentration of Cr(VI) measured accounted for 0.7 to 9.4 percent of the total chromium level, which is a low percentage compared to those in other urban areas around the world. This is the first report in an international journal of a field study conducted in Korea to determine the concentration of Cr(VI) in the ambient air of industrial and residential areas.

• 분석과학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2013

짧은 반감기(3.82일)로 인하여 표준물질이 없어서 $^{226}Ra$ 표준선원을 이용하여 액체섬광계수기(Liquid Scintillation Counter)의 측정효율을 산정한 후 구하는 $^{222}Rn$ 농도 분석의 정도 관리를 위해서 blank(바탕)시료, 중복시료, 원수 채취전과 후의 시료 분석을 수행하였다. 현장 바탕시료는 0.44~6.28 pCi/L, 실험실 바탕시료는 1.66~4.95 pCi/L 값을 보였다. 둘 사이의 상관계수는 0.9691이였으며, 현장시료채취, 시료 이동, 시료 보관 상태에서 다른 오염원은 없었음을 확인하였다. 65개의 원시료와 중복시료의 상관계수는 0.9987을 보였다. 라돈은 불활성 기체이므로 시료를 채취할 때 손실에 의해 지하수 중 라돈 농도에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료되어 증류수를 이용하여 현장 지하수 시료 채취 전과 후로 구분하여 비교분석하였으나 유의한 농도차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to example the general trend of the service environment evaluation of the silver town and classify based on the service environment evaluation to suggest a effective method and alternatives fur development companies. The survey population of this study focused on 40s and 50s' middle aged both genders living in the Seoul and national capital region, we used random sampling method. The analytical methods used in this study were frequency, mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, Chi-Squae analysis, ANOVA, cluster Analysis, post-hoc estimation (Duncan test), To verify the reliability of each measure, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. As a result of classifying the environment evaluation elements, it was classified into 5 groups for the differentiating strategy on each group. The groups are: life support service type, medical and health support service type, cultural support service type, indifference type, and food support service type.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: The closed chamber method is the most commonly used for measuring greenhouse gas emissions from upland fields. This method has the advantages of being simple, easily available and economical. However, uncertainty estimation is essential for accurate assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and verification of emission reductions. The nitrous oxide emissions from upland field is very important for the nitrogen budget in the agriculture sectors. Although assessment of uncertainty components affecting nitrous oxide emission from upland field is necessary to take account of dispersion characteristics, research on these uncertainty components is very rare to date. This study aims at elucidation of influencing factors on measurement uncertainty of nitrous oxide concentrations measured by an automated open closed chamber method from upland field. METHODS AND RESULTS: The nitrous oxide sampling system is located in the upland field in Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (37°13'22"N, 127°02'22"E). The primary measurement uncertainty components influencing nitrous oxide concentrations (influencing factors) investigated in this research are repeatability, reproducibility and calibration in the aspects of nitrous oxide sampling and analytical instrumentation. The magnitudes of the relative standard uncertainty of each influencing factor are quantified and compared. CONCLUSION: Results of this study show what influencing factors are more important in determination of nitrous oxide concentrations measured using the automated open closed chambers located in the monitoring site. Quantifying the measurement uncertainty of the nitrous oxide concentrations in this study would contribute to improving measurement quality of nitrous oxide fluxes.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.1608-1610
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• 1999

To find effective diagnostic method for Transmission OF cables, various characterizations were carried such as DGA (dissolved gas analysis), water contents, total acidity and AC breakdown voltage. It was found that the result was varied by sampling and container. The results from those characterization method showed the present condition and history very well and could be used to estimate the degree of degradation of cables.