• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 1994년도 추계학술대회논문집; 한국종합전시장, 18 Nov. 1994
• /
• pp.288-294
• /
• 1994

A study of prediction and qualification techniques for structure borne booming noise is presented in this paper. Result from acoustic normal mode finite element analysis of a 1/2 size vehicle cavity sample model is compared to the that from an experiment. Coupled structural-acoustic analysis is performed on a 1/4 size vehicle cavity sample model surrounded by 2 mm thick normal steel plates. Interior noise levels around passensger's ear position are predicted and reduced by structural modification based on panel participation factor analysis about the sample cavity model. Futhermore, optimization technique in application of anti-vibration pad is studied.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권12호
• /
• pp.1620-1624
• /
• 2009

This study aimed to clarify the effect of mobile bag size and ratio of sample size to bag surface area on intestinal digestibility of forage in sheep. Four Suffolk ewes fitted with ruminal and proximal duodenal cannulae were fed second-cut Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) hay twice daily, and the same forage was used to measure intestinal digestibility. The forage samples were incubated in the rumen for 16 h and then in pepsin-HCl solution for 3 h before intestinal incubation. The incubated forage samples were placed in a nylon mobile bag. The bag sizes used were either 20 mm${\times}$20 mm (small bag size; SBS) or 30 mm${\times}$30 mm (large bag size; LBS) and the ratio of the sample size to the surface area of the bag was either 5.5 $mg/cm^{2}$ (low ratio; LR) or 11.0 $mg/cm^{2}$ (high ratio; HR) resulting in four different treatment conditions: SBS-LR, SBS-HR, LBS-LR and LBS-HR. Eight bags per animal were inserted through the duodenal cannulae at 15-min intervals and were subsequently collected from the feces of the animal. The mean intestinal bag transition time did not differ significantly between animals, but ranged from 23.2 to 27.0 h. The intestinal digestibility of dry matter (IDDM) ranged from 0.162${\pm}$0.019 g/g in the SBS-HR treatment group to 0.195${\pm}$0.018 g/g in the SBS-LR treatment. The intestinal digestibility of crude protein (IDCP) ranged from 0.610${\pm}$0.031 g/g in the LBS-LR treatment to 0.693${\pm}$0.018 g/g in the SBS-LR treatment. There was no difference in the IDDM and IDCP between different treatments. It was therefore concluded that the size of the mobile bag and the ratio of the sample size to the bag surface area did not influence the intestinal digestibility of forage. Future studies should use bags with high ratios of sample size to surface area in order to obtain sufficient residue for further analysis.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.353-369
• /
• 2000

관찰 단위들간 특정한 공간 종속관계를 지닌 공간모집단에서 사각형의 칸들로 분할한 후 각 칸마다 하나의 표본점을 임의추출하여 관심 변수의 모수를 추정할 때 탐색 관찰조건을 만족하는 인접한 표본단위만을 추가 관찰하여 모수를 추정하는 적합탐색 추정 방법을 층화 공간표본설계에 적용시켜 보았다. 모의자료를 설정한 가상의 2차원 공간모집단을 층화 공간표본설계에 의해 층화시킨 후 적합 탐색 추정방법을 적용시켜 본 결과, 단순히 공간모집단을 분할하는 전통적인 공간표본설계보다 적은 수의 표본이 관찰되었으며, 효율성이 크게 감소하지 않는 결과를 얻음으로써 층화효과와 적합탐색 관찰효과가 동시에 존재하는 적절한 추정 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Architectural research
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2023

Concrete is widely used in the construction industry; however, it has the disadvantage of deteriorating durability due to cracks occurring because of climate change and shrinkage. In addition, when cement is used as a binder, CO₂ emitted during the manu-facturing process accounts for ~8% of global CO₂ emissions. In this study, ecofriendly cementitious materials such as blast furnace slag powder and fly ash (FA) were used as cement substitutes in the production of mortar containing a chitosan-based polymer (CP), and their fluidity, compressive strength, and self-healing performance were examined. The 28-day compressive strength of the control sample was ~32.4 MPa (the lowest for all tested samples), while that of the sample containing 5% CP and 20% FA was ~49.6 MPa (the highest for all tested samples) and ~53.1% higher than that of the control sample. Even at a healing age of 56 days, the control sample exhibited the lowest healing performance, whereas the samples containing CP (5%, 10%) and 20% FA demonstrated excellent healing performance. After 28 days, the decrease in crack size for the control sample was minimal; however, for the sample containing only cement and CP, a significant decrease in crack size was observed even after 28 days. This study confirmed that the appropriate use of CP and cementitious materials improves not only compressive strength but also the selfhealing performance of mortar.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권12호
• /
• pp.1755-1762
• /
• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of particle size in total mixed ration (TMR) on performance of lactating cows. Three rumen cannulated Holstein cows were used in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design for the metabolic experiment. The particle size of the diets was determined using the Penn State Particle Size Separator (PSPSS) and weighing the proportion of sample remaining on the top screen (19 mm diameter). The 3 treatments were short, medium or long diets (4.9, 24.2 and 27.8% of sample remaining on the top screen of the PSPSS, respectively). Nine farms in the Edmonton area were surveyed and the farms were placed into groups based on the particle size of the ration fed. The groups were short ${\leq}6%$, medium 7-12% and long ${\geq}13%$ of sample weight remaining on the top screen of the PSPSS. Dry matter intake was greater (p=0.07) for the medium diet than the long diet in the metabolic study and resulted in a higher (p=0.07) efficiency of milk production. On the commercial farms, a significantly (p=0.002) lower milk fat percentage was observed for the long diet compared to the short diet. The results of these studies confirm that forage particle size influences milk composition and milk fat was negatively correlated to TMR particle size.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 부산광역시의 전형적인 단속류 구간을 대상으로 DSRC를 통해 수집되는 구간교통정보의 신뢰성을 구간별 적정 차량 표본 수 산정기법을 통해 분석하였다. 해당 단속류 대상지를 구성하는 개별 구간에 대한 표본 수 산정을 위하여 VISSIM 모델을 이용하였다. 실제 DSRC를 통해 관찰된 하이패스 차량 수와 두 유의수준(90%와 95%)에서 산정된 적정 표본 수를 비교한 결과, 연속류에 비해 단속류에 더 많은 이상치의 발생요인이 존재한다는 점, 인접한 두 교차로와 다수의 진출입로로 구성된 하나의 구간을 통과하는 하이패스 차량의 부족으로 신뢰성 있는 구간교통정보의 집계가 어려운 점, 비첨두시간보다 첨두시간의 구간교통정보가 상대적인 신뢰성이 높은 점, 표본 수 산정의 유의수준에 따라 구간교통정보의 신뢰성이 차별화된다는 점 등을 확인할 수 있었다. 해당 구간의 길이에 따른 진출입로의 밀도와 교통신호운영의 차이는 유효 표본 수 산정에 직접적인 영향을 미치며 결국 구간교통정보의 신뢰성을 결정하게 된다. 따라서 구간의 길이에 따라 노변기지국의 개수를 조절하면 DSRC를 통해 수집되는 구간교통정보의 신뢰성이 개선될 것으로 기대된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.74-78
• /
• 2016

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
• /
• pp.1129-1129
• /
• 2001

Maize, in Hungary, is the fodder-plant grown in the biggest quantity. It is not only used as a fodder but other products such as iso-sugar are made from it, too. The quality of the fodder and the produce is largely dependent on the composition of the supplied maize to the processing site. The examination of quality parameters besides conventional methods are investigated and measured by NIR spectroscopy on a routine basis. The investigated parameters are the following: water, total protein, starch and oil content. The accuracy and precision of determining these parameters we, apart from the wet chemical methods, influenced by sample preparation to a great extent. One of the main features of this is the sample particle size and its distribution across the sample. The uneven distribution of particle size negatively influences the measurement accuracy, decreases model robustness and prediction ability. With these in mind the aim of our experiment was to investigate the effect of particle size on the accuracy of maize composition determination using reflection measurement setup. In addition, we tested different spectrum transformations, which are suitable for canceling this effect. In our experiment 47 samples were analyzed with three different mesh sizes (1.5mm, 1.8mm and 2mm). The results of our findings are presented here.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.308-311
• /
• 2010

Porous SiC samples were prepared with three types of wood (poplar, pine, big cone pine) by simply embedding the wood charcoal in a powder mixture of Si and $SiO_2$ at 1600 and $1700^{\circ}C$. The basic engineering properties such as density, porosity, pore size and distribution, and strength were characterized. The samples showed full conversion to mostly $\beta$-SiC with good retention of the cellular structure of the original wood. More rigid SiC struts were developed for $1700^{\circ}C$. They showed similar bulk density ($0.5{\sim}0.6\;g/cm^3$) and porosity (81~84%) irrespective of the type of wood. The poplar sample showed three pore sizes (1, 8, $60\;{\mu}m$) with a main size of $60\;{\mu}m$. The pine sample showed a single pore size ($20\;{\mu}m$). The big cone pine sample showed two pore sizes (10, $80\;{\mu}m$) with a main size of $10\;{\mu}m$. The bend strength was 2.5 MPa for poplar, 5.7 MPa for pine, 2.8 MPa for big cone pine, indicating higher strength with pine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권12호
• /
• pp.1702-1705
• /
• 2006

A simulation study was conducted to evaluate a fine-mapping method exploiting population-wide linkage disequilibrium. Data were simulated according to the pedigree structure based on a large paternal half-sib family population with a total of 1,034 or 2,068 progeny. Twenty autosomes of 100 cM were generated with 5 cM or 1 cM marker intervals for all founder individuals in the pedigree, and marker alleles and a number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) explaining a total of 70% phenotypic variance were generated and randomly assigned across the whole chromosomes, assuming linkage equilibrium between the markers. The founder chromosomes were then descended through the pedigree to the current offspring generation, including recombinants that were generated by recombination between adjacent markers. Power to detect QTL was high for the QTL with at least moderate size, which was more pronounced with larger sample size and denser marker map. However, sample size contributed much more significantly to power to detect QTL than map density to the precise estimate of QTL position. No QTL was detected on the test chromosomes in which QTL was not assigned, which did not allow detection of false positive QTL. For the multiple QTL that were closely located, the estimates of the QTL positions were biased, except when the QTL were located on the right marker positions. Our fine mapping simulation results indicate that construction of dense maps and large sample size is needed to increase power to detect QTL and mapping precision for QTL position.