• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2000

The effect of aqueous extract of Salvia plebeia R. Br. (Labiatae) (AESP) on immunoglobulin (lgE) antibody mediated allergic reactions in rats was investigated. AESP inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) when intravenously, intraperitoneally, and orally administered. AESP dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by anti-DNP IgE antibody. Moreover, AESP had an inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE antibody induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ production from RPMC. These results suggest that AESP inhibit the IgE-mediated allergic reaction in rats.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2016

Background: Salvia has been widely cultivated for use in flavoring and folk medicines in many countries, including Korea and China. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity and the underlying active compounds of Salvia extract and its fractions. Methods and Results: The anti-inflammatory activity was measured by assessing the inhibition of cysteinyl leukotriene production in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 mast cells. Salvia plebeia R. Br. was found to have the most potent inhibitory activity on leukotriene production than S. japonica and S. chanroenica had. Fifty percent ethanol extracts of S. plebeia R. Br. were successively partitioned with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol and water. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed stronger anti-inflammatory activity than other solvent fractions did. The EtOAc fraction was subjected to silica gel column chromatography elution with a chloroform and methanol gradient system (100 : 1 ${\rightarrow}$ 1 : 1) yielding 10 fractions. Three kinds of fractions (chloroform:methanol = 20 : 1, 10 : 1 and 5 : 1) showed high inhibitory activity on leukotriene production. We confirmed the major compounds with anti-inflammatory activity from S. plebeia R. Br. Conclusions: In this study, the major components of S. plebeia that showed leukotriene production inhibitory activity were isolated using solvent extraction and silica gel column chromatography. Rosmarinic acid, hispidulin and luteolin were identified as the major compounds with anti-inflammatory effect.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2019

As various populations are rapidly becoming an aging society worldwide and interest in health issues has increased, demand for functional foods including herbal products has increased markedly to maintain a healthy state which has led to safety issues about their intake as an inevitable result. The objective of this study was to identify the safety profile of a Korean red ginseng and Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract mixture (KGC-03-PS) which is a valuable ingredient that can be used as a functional food. In the present study, the subacute oral toxicity and bacterial reverse mutagenicity of KGC-03-PS were evaluated. Sprague Dawley rats were administered KGC-03-PS orally for 28 days by gavage. Daily KGC-03-PS dose concentrations were 0, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day. Bacterial reverse mutation test with KGC-03-PS dose levels ranging from 312.5 to $5,000{\mu}g/plate$ was carried out by OECD test guideline No. 471. Five bacterial strains (Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2) were tested in the presence or absence of metabolic activation by plate incorporation method. There were no toxicological effects related with test substance in the clinical evaluation of subacute oral toxicity test including clinical signs, body weight, and food consumption. Moreover, no toxicological changes related to KGC-03-PS were observed in the hematological and serum biochemical characteristics as well as in the pathological examinations, which included organ weight measurements and in the gross- or histopathological findings. KGC-03-PS did not induce an increase in the number of revertant colonies in all bacterial strains of the bacterial reverse mutation test. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of KGC-03-PS is greater than 2,000 mg/kg bw/day, and KGC-03-PS did not induce genotoxicity related to bacterial reverse mutations under the conditions used in this study.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.1948-1953
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• 2014

본 연구는 배암차즈기를 건조, 데침 및 발효에 따라 항염증 효능성분인 rosmarinic acid, homoplantaginin, luteolin의 함량 변화와 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. Rosmarinic acid는 열풍건조 시 16.42 mg/g, 데친 후 열풍건조 시 10.19 mg/g 순으로 검출되었으며, 동결건조 한 잎과 뿌리는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 음건 및 동결건조 시에는 각각 8.69와 8.15 mg/g으로 유의성이 인정되었으며, 발효 후에는 0.05 mg/g으로 감소하거나 검출되지 않았다. 동결건조, 음건 및 열풍건조 한 배암차즈기는 $500{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 98.5% 이상의 ABTS radical 소거능을 나타내었으며, 데친 후 열풍건조 시에도 87.3%의 우수한 radical 소거능을 나타내었다. 뿌리는 잎에 비하여 ABTS radical 소거능이 낮았다. SOD 유사활성은 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 6.1~27.8%로 측정되어 ABTS radical 소거능과 차이가 있었다. 배암차즈기에 함유되어 있는 주요 물질이며 항염증 효능 물질로 알려진 rosmarinic acid와 homoplantaginin은 차발효에 의해 거의 소실되기 때문에 배암차즈기를 기능성 차 또는 가공식품 원료로 개발하기 위해서는 차발효(산화발효)보다 동결, 냉풍 및 열풍건조가 적당할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2017

본 연구는 배암차즈기 에탄올 추출물(SPE)을 유효성분으로 함유하는 지방 생성 및 축적 저해 효능을 조사하였다. 배암 차즈기 에탄올 추출물은 마우스 배아 섬유아세포(mouse embryo fibroblast) 유래 지방세포인 3T3-L1에서 지방세포 분화를 억제하는 효능을 보유하고 있었으며, 지방세포 내 중성지방의 농도를 감소시키는 효능을 보유하고 있었다. 또한, $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, SREBP-1c, pACC, pAMPK, CPT-1, 지방산 합성효소(FAS, fatty acid synthase) 발현 억제, 호르몬자극지방분해효소(HSL, hormone sensitivity lipase) 활성화 등 지방합성 관련인자들의 발현을 조절하는 효능을 보유하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 SPE가 지방세포 분화 및 지방대사에 관련된 인자들의 발현을 조절함으로써 지방 생성 및 지방 축적을 저해하는 효능을 보유하기 때문에 배암차즈기를 활용한 비만 개선을 위한 소재로서의 활용이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.512-521
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• 2022

Since the main symptoms of COVID-19 involve the respiratory system, the infection rate of this disease is predicted to be higher in patients with other respiratory conditions such as allergic rhinitis. In such a situation, it will be meaningful to conduct research on an allergy treatment that has fewer side effects and can effectively reduce allergy symptoms. Here, we prepared experimental samples under various fermentation conditions with mixed extracts of six medicinal plants. To examine the anti-allergic efficacy of these samples, an egg albumin-induced allergic rhinitis animal model experiment, a serum histamine and IgE experiment, and a COX and LO inhibitory activity experiment were conducted. As a result of animal experiments, OVA+SP-4 showed superior efficacy compared to OVA+SP-1 in nasal rubbing and sneezing experiments and had anti-allergic efficacy similar to that of OVA-cetirizine. The serum histamine concentration of OVA+SP-4 was also 1.3 times higher than that of the OVA+cetirizine group, showing a high histamine reduction ability, and IgE showed the same trend. An analysis of COX inhibitory efficacy also confirmed that COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory efficacy is high, and the longer the fermentation time, the higher the antiallergic efficacy. The composition proposed by this study is expected to have a significant effect on sustainable allergy prevention and treatment in the future by applying it to human patients.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2003

To discover the sources with antioxidative activity in traditional medicines, 100 extracts of Korean medicinal plants were screened for their scavenging effect on peroxynitrite $(ONOO^{-})$ and total reactive oxygen species (ROS). The potency of total ROS scavenging activity was shown in the extracts of 25 plants, and 4 of their species, Macleaya cordata R. Br., Salvia plebeia R. Br., Cassia tora L. and Angelica gigas Nakai, had a greater effect with $IC_{50}$ values of $1.7{\pm}0.36$, $4.3{\pm}1.08$, $4.9{\pm}0.17$ and $5.8{\pm}1.01\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, than that of trolox, positive control $(7.61{\pm}0.12\;{\mu}g/ml)$. Another 35 extracts exhibited inhibitory effect of below 50 percent at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of sample concentrations on total ROS, while the rest observed total ROS generators rather than scavengers. The peroxynitrite scavenging activities were observed in the greater part of the plants tested. Five of them, Schisandra chinensis Baill, Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) K. Schum., Cedrela sinensis A. Juss., Pleuropterus multiflorus Turcz. and Veronica linariaefolia Pall represented scavenging activities on peroxynitrite twice as strong with $IC_{50}$ Values of $0.48{\pm}0.10$, $0.59{\pm}0.15$, $0.60{\pm}0.10$, $0.64{\pm}0.10$ and $0.91{\pm}0.23\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, as that of penicillamine $(1.72{\pm}0.05\;{\mu}g/ml)$, positive control. Consequently, 25 species of the entire plants tested, exhibited scavenging activities on total ROS and $ONOO^{-}$, Salvia plebeia R. Br., Macleaya cordata R. Br., Cassia tora L. and Angelica gigas Nakai exerted potent scavenging activities on both radicals.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.893-900
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• 2014

본 연구는 배암차즈기 나물을 열풍건조 및 데침 처리에 따른 이화학적 변화를 조사하였다. 열풍건조한 배암차즈기의 총 폴리페놀 함량 94.64 mg/g이었으며, 데친 후에는 48.40 mg/g으로 감소하였다. 열풍건조한 배암차즈기의 총 플라보노이드 함량은 29.70 mg/g이며, 데친 후에는 22.10 mg/g으로 감소하였다. 농도 비례적으로 DPPH radical 소거능을 나타내었으며, $25{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 ascorbic acid, 열풍건조 및 데친 후 열풍건조한 배암차즈기가 각각 94.5%, 84.3% 및 59.7%로 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 총당 함량은 각각 7,187 mg/100 g과 6,104 mg/100 g으로 데친 후에 감소하였다. 데치는 과정 중 sucrose와 maltose는 감소하고 glucose와 fructose는 증가하였다. 주요 유기산은 succinic acid이었으며, 데친 후에는 succinic acid가 감소한 반면에 citric acid는 오히려 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Glucose와 fructose는 citric acid의 생성에 영향을 주며, sucrose와 maltose는 tartaric acid, malic acid 및 succinic acid의 생성에 영향을 주는 것으로 조사되었다. 14종의 아미노산이 검출되었으며, methionine, lysine, glycine, histidine, cystine은 검출되지 않았다. 배암차즈기는 총 아미노산의 함량은 다른 종류의 나물에 비해 적은 편이었으나, 총 아미노산에 대한 필수아미노산의 비율은 열풍건조한 배암차즈기가 61.76%로 필수아미노산의 함유량이 상대적으로 높았다. 또한 열풍건조 배암차즈기는 비아미노산인 norvaline과 GABA가 각각 1.40 mg/100 g과 39.00 mg/100 g으로 상당량 검출되었다. 따라서 항산화 효과 및 영양학적으로도 우수한 배암차즈기는 나물뿐만 아니라 다양한 건강기능성 식품소재로의 활용가치가 우수한 것으로 평가된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2017

Background: Small particles increase airway inflammation upon reaching the alveoli. Here, we investigated the protective or therapeutic effects of Salvia plebeia R. Br. (SP_R) extracts on airway inflammation. Methods and Results: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of SP_R extracts, we measured their inhibitory effect on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression of inflammatory mediators, and immune cell infiltration in MH-S alveolar macrophage cells and in the ambient particulate matter (APM)-exposed airway inflammation mice model. The SP_R extracts inhibited the production of ROS and expression of IL-4, IL-10, IL-15, and IL-17A mRNA in APM-stimulated MH-S cells. Oral administration of SP_R extracts suppressed APM-induced inflammatory symptoms, such as high alveolar wall thickness, excess collagen fibers, decreased mRNA expression of chemokines (Ccr9, Ccl5, Ccr3), inflammatory cytokines (IL-15, TNF-${\alpha}$), and IL-4 Th2 cytokine in the lung. The SP_R extracts also inhibited ROS production, granulocyte ($CD11b^+Gr-1^+$) infiltration, IL-17A, TNF-${\alpha}$, macrophage inflammatory protein (Mip-2), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl-1) production in the airway. The specific compounds in the SR-R extracts that mediate the anti-inflammatory effects were identified. Conclusions: In this study, SP_R extracts effectively inhibited airway inflammatory responses, such as ROS production and granulocyte infiltration into the airway, by regulating the expression of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2015

항염 및 항산화 활성이 우수한 배암차즈기(SPR) 잎을 활용하여 배암차즈기 차(SPRT)를 제조하였다. SPR의 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 $71.8{\pm}4.74GAE\;mg/g$ 및 $38.7{\pm}2.95QUE\;mg/g$으로 측정되었다. DPPH에 따른 수소공여능은 $16.9{\mu}g/mL$의 $RC_{50}$을 나타내었으며, 이때, 양성대조구인 ascorbic acid는 $6.1{\mu}g/mL$의 $RC_{50}$을 나타내었다. 배암차즈기는 세포 독성을 나타내지 않는 법 위에서 물 추출물의 $IC_{50}$은 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 이상이었으며, $25{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$의 범위에서 NO 생성이 LPS 처리구에 비해 약 30% 정도 저해되었다. SPRT는 중잎과 대잎을 사용하여 자체수분을 활용하여 단시간 덖음하여 총 120분 가향한 차가 가장 좋은 평가를 받았다. 향은 맛과 전반적인 기호도에 양의관계로 영향을 주었다. SPRT는 덖음 및 가향 작업에 따른 열처리에도 항산화 수치가 통계적으로 유의적인 차이가 없어 항산화능이 유지되었다. 티백량은 1.0 g이 적당한 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 본 실험의 결과를 바탕으로 배암차즈기가 항산화 등 기능성을 강조한 음료 또는 식품 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.