• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1996

I have conducted two testings to find out which water is better for drinking water. First, I made 20 mM L-DOPA solutions by solving L-DOPA (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine) in tap water, Waters' mineral water and reverse osmotic water. Then I measured activities after adding Tyrosinase (purifide enzyme, step 3), which was extracted from Salanum melongena(mad apple), in each L-DOPA solution. Second, I solved 0.1, 0.5 and 0.9% salt in each 20 mM L-DOPA distilled water to measure activity of each salt solution. The results of the testings are as follows: 1. 10 minutes after adding Salanum melongena(mad apple) tyrosinase in each L-DOPA solution, activity of Waters' mineral water was 0.867 tap water 0.777 and reverse osmotic water 0.742. 2. Activity of Waters' mineral water was higher than that of tap water by 10.4% and higher then reverse osmotic by 14.4%. 3. Activity of Waters' mineral water was much higher than that of 0.9% salt water by 41.8%. 4. The optimum pH of Salanum melongena (mad apple) tyrosinase is 9.0. Most enzymes working in the human metabolism are alkaline and body fluids' pH also alkaline. In conclusion, an alkaline water is believed better than an acidic water for drinking.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2003

Mass transfer characteristics during osmotic dehydration of carrots were studied as functions of immersion temperature and time, and sugar and salt concentrations. The effect of osmotic dehydration on the degree of browning of air-dried carrots was also evaluated. Increasing the immersion temperature and time, sugar concentration, and salt addition increased water loss, sugar gain, molality and rate of dehydration. The water loss and increases in solids, and molality were rapid in the beginning of the process and then increased slowly during remainder of the process. Increasing 1 or 2% salt concentration in the 40$^{\circ}$Brix sugar solution at 6$0^{\circ}C$ increased water loss and solid gain. Salt addition was not able to significantly affected on water loss and solid gain compare to temperature (40～8$0^{\circ}C$) and sugar concentration (20～60$^{\circ}$Brix) changes due to the low salt concentration. A minimum degree of browning of the air-dried carrots (O.D. = 0.048) could be achieved using binary solutions (40$^{\circ}$Brix sugar solution with 2% salt addition) with 24 min of immersion time compared to control (O.D. = 1.308) or blanching with 24 min of immersion time (O.D. = 0.174).

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2022

Molten salt consisting primarily of eutectic LiCl-KCl is currently being used in electrorefiners in the Fuel Conditioning Facility at Idaho National Laboratory. Options are currently being evaluated for storing this salt outside of the argon atmosphere hot cell. The hygroscopic nature of eutectic LiCl-KCl makes is susceptible to deliquescence in air followed by extreme corrosion of metallic cannisters. In this study, the effect of occluding the salt into a zeolite on water sorption/desorption was tested. Two zeolites were investigated: Na-Y and zeolite 4A. Na-Y was ineffective at occluding a high percentage of the salt at either 10 or 20wt% loading. Zeolite-4A was effective at occluding the salt with high efficiency at both loading levels. Weight gain in salt occluded zeolite-4A (SOZ) from water sorption at 20% relative humidity and 40℃ was 17wt% for 10% SOZ and 10wt% for 20% SOZ. In both cases, neither deliquescence nor corrosion occurred over a period of 31 days. After hydration, most of the water could be driven off by heating the hydrated salt occluded zeolite to 530℃. However, some HCl forms during dehydration due to salt hydrolysis. Over a wide range of temperatures (320-700℃) and ramp rates (5, 10, and 20℃ min^-1), HCl formation was no more than 0.6% of the Cl^- in the original salt.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 1993

The ecotypic variation of Phragmites communis Trin. was studied from Aug. 1989 to March 1992 in three populations of salt marsh, estuary and fresh water areas of the western coastal regions in Korea. The length growth and aboveground total dry weight of Phragmites communis Trin. From three habitates were measured monthly and the seeds from them collected. Chlorophyll contents, bud number and width of Phragmites communis Trin. populations after their seeds were sown in seedbeds, and the growth of seedlings according to salt contents were also determined. The results lare summarized as follows: The height and basal diameter of shoot, leaf length and width, and total dry weight of Phragmites communis Trin. were very different from each other according to their natural habitats. The bud number of seeds was increased as sample sites moved from estuary to fresh water areas and salt marsh. The but the bud diameter turned out to be in reverse proportion to the bud number. The chlorophyll content of the population from fresh water was $8.6901{\mu}g/ml$, whereas that from estuary and salt marsh was $9.61801{\mu}g/ml$ and $10.3160{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The average length growth and total dry weight of seedlings grown at different salt contents were compared. Those of fresh water area decreased at salt contents lower than 0.5% in culture solution and those of estuary at higher than 0.5%, but the population of salt marsh was shown to be capable of sustaining itself at 1.0%. All of these results suggested that the populations of Phragmites communis Trin. in the western coastal regions of Korea have undergone ecotypic variations: fresh water type, estuary type and salt marsh type.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 1998

To describe the major environmental factors operating in coastal wetland and to characterize the distribution of the plant species over the wetland in relation to the major environmental gradients, 12 soil physical and chemical properties were determined. The gradient of water and osmotic potential of soil, electrical conductivity, sodium and chloride content and soil texture alsong the three habitat types of salt marshes, salt swamp and sand dune were occurred. The 24 coastal plant communities from principal component analysis (PCA) on the 12 variables were at designated as a gradient for soil texture and water potential related with salinity by Axis I and as a gradient for soil moisture and total nitrogen gradient by Axis II On Axis I were divided into 3 groups (1) 9 salt marsh communities including Salicornia herbacea communities (2) 5 salt swamp communities including Scirpus fluviatilis communities and (3) 10 sand dune communities including Jmperata cylindrica communities on Axis II were divided into 2 groups (1) salt marsh and sand dune communities, and (2) 3 salt swamp communities. The results could account for the zonation of plant communities on coastal wetland observed alsong envionmental gradients.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2019

In this study, the removal of MB from saline solutions was evaluated by two methods by adsorption and electrodialysis; the adsorption of the mixture dye/salt on dried orange peel waste (OPW) was studied in batch method. In this study the biosorption of cationic dye by OPW was investigated as a function of initial solution pH, and initial salt (sodium chloride) concentration. The maximal dye uptake at $pH{\geq}3.6$ in the absence and in the presence of salt and the dye uptake diminished considerably in the presence of increasing concentrations of salt up to 8 g/L. The Redlich Peterson and Langmuir were the most suitable adsorption models for describing the biosorption equilibrium data of the dye both individually and in salt containing medium. As well, this work deals with the electrodialysis application to remove the dye. Synthetic solutions were used for the investigation of the main operational factors affecting the treatment performance; such as applied voltage, pH, initial dye concentration and ionic strength. The experimental results for adsorption and electrodialysis confirmed the importance of electrostatic interactions on the dye. The electrodialysis process with standard ion exchange membranes enabled efficient desalination of cationic dye solutions; there are two main factors in fouling: electrostatic interaction between cations of dyes and the fixed charged groups of the CEM, and affinity interactions.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1294-1303
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• 2019

퍼클로레이트는 물에 용해도가 높고 안정되어 잔류하는 음이온성 오염물이다. 이 오염물은 토양/지하수는 물론 지표수, 먹는물, 식품, 어류, 농작물에도 검출이 되었다. 퍼클로레이트는 갑상선에 요오드가 흡수되는 것을 방해함으로써 대사조절에 중요한 갑상선 호르몬 생산을 감소시키는 것으로 알려졌다. 오염된 환경으로부터 퍼클로레이트를 제거하기 위한 다양한 기술이 개발되었으나 미생물에 의한 생분해가 가장 환경 친화적이고 경제적인 것으로 알려졌다. 그러나 염수와 같은 염이 있는 환경에서의 퍼클로레이트 생분해에 대한 정보는 비교적 제한적이다. 본 논문에서는 미생물을 이용한 염수의 퍼클로레이트 제거와 이와 관련된 미생물에 대해 기술하였다. 대부분 염수의 퍼클로레이트 생분해 연구는 acetate와 같은 유기물을 전자공여체로 사용하는 종속영양방식으로 이루어졌으며 폐재생액(염수) 내의 퍼클로레이트 처리에 중점을 두었다. 폐재생액은 퍼클로레이트로 오염된 지하수를 정화하는데 주로 사용되는 이온교환법에서 발생한다. 내염성 미생물을 농화배양하여 식종한 생물반응기를 통해 최고 10% NaCl 농도에서도 퍼클로레이트의 연속제거가 가능한 것으로 보고되었으나 장기적으로 안정적인 제거는 제시되지 않았다. 염수 내의 퍼클로레이트 제거에 사용된 생물반응기에는 주로 ${\beta}$-와 ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria가 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서 기술한 이러한 정보는 생물공학기술 개발을 위해 염수의 퍼클로레이트 생분해에 대한 이해를 하는데 도움을 줄 것이다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1970

The rice variety, Kwanok, was reared in the water and land beds and transplanted to the reclaimed soil area, having an average salt concentration of 0.39%. Two levels of the moderate and late season cultures with 4 treatments were used. The K and Si contents of the stem part of land bed seedlings were somewhat smaller, but total carbohydrate remarkably larger, the C/N ratio was accordingly greater than water bed seedlings. The rooting ability of land bed seedlings was vigorous markedly in culture solutions, to which added various concentrations of NaCl, The rooting ability of each seedling water not much declined in theculturing solution of up to 9.4mmhos/cm, (0.6%) of salt concentration, but it was drastically declined in the salt concentration over that. It seemed that the critical salt concentration for the rooting rice plant. The land bed seedlings in each salty condition markedly decreased compared with the water bed seeldings in transpiration rate and it showed a stronger drought resistance and contained a large amount of chlorophyll at transplanting stage, and also showed higher stability of chlorophyll at rooting stage in the salt treatment. The number of panicles, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle and ratio of matured grains of the rice plant grown by the land bed seedlings were much greater and 1,000 grain weight was less than from water bed seedlings. The cultural practices with the land bed seedlings increased the rough rice yields by 15% and 11%, respectively, compared with the yields of the moderate and late season cultures by water bed seedlings.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2020

리튬-이온 배터리를 폐기하는 방법으로 흔히 사용되고 있는 염수를 이용한 방전 방법은 자칫 화재로 이어질 개연성이 있음에도 불구하고 배터리의 염수 방전 과정의 화재 위험성에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 리튬-이온 배터리 중 휴대폰 배터리를 대상으로 하여 염수에 배터리를 담가 방전 시킬 때 방전특성과 발열에 의한 화재 발생 가능성을 확인하고자 염수농도와 배터리의 개수를 변화시킨 여러 조건에서 실험을 수행하였다. 각 조건에서 방전전압 및 배터리의 발열온도를 측정하여 방전 과정 및 발열에 의한 화재 위험성을 예측하였다. 실험 결과로는, 염수농도가 높을수록 휴대폰 배터리의 방전이 더 잘 되었으며, 발열온도 또한 높게 측정 되었고, 염수에 침수된 배터리 1개의 발열온도보다 중첩된 배터리의 발열온도가 더 높게 측정되었다. 또한, 배터리의 가장 높은 발열이 발생하는 부분은 (+),(-)전극에서 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

The conditions to simulate the atmospheric corrosion behavior in the laboratory were investigated to clarify atmospheric corrosion mechanism of steel material in coastal area, For airborne sea salt and artificial seawater droplet, the various behaviors were observed by optical microscope, The particle size of the dried airborne sea salt was about $20{\mu}m$, and was about 1/10 compared with the artificial seawater droplet. Though the airborne sea salt represented the same behavior as the thermodynamic water absorption, the behavior of the artificial seawater droplet deviated from the results of the thermodynamic calculation, It is concluded that the water absorption behavior is influenced by the particle size of the dried sea salt. The corrosion behaviors of carbon steels were observed under the deposited condition of airborne sea salt and artificial seawater droplet. The corrosion behaviors showed a different trend, indicating that the corrosion behavior depended on the particle size of the dried sea salt. The corrosion in the actual environrnent progressed greater than that in the chamber. Furthermore, the summer showed the greater corrosion than the spring. It is found that the corrosion behaviors are attributed to the influence of the environmental factors.