• Toxicological Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.75-78
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• 1999

In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of Typhoid vaccine, 3 sets of mutagenicity tests were performed. In the reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537, Typhoid vaccine did not increase the number of revertant at the doses of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate. I n chromosome aberration analysis using CHO cells were not found chromosomal aberration in different concentrations with or without metabolic activation at the doses of 0.25 mg/ml, 0.5mg/ml, 1mg/ml. In mouse micronucleus test, no significant increase in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in ICE male mice intramuscularly administered with Typhoid vaccine at the dosed of 0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 1mg/ml. These results indicate that Typhoid vaccine gas no mutagenic potential in these in vitro and in vivo systems.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

To develop a live vaccine candidate using an attenuated strain of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), biochemical properties, plasmid profile, PFGE patterns and pathogenic analysis of the ST isolate were carried out after sequential passage of the ST isolate in porcine neutrophils. By the passage, the ability of the neutrophil-adapted isolate to utilize d-xylose was lost, while the ability of the strain to ferment trehalose was delayed after 2 or more days of the culture. Also, changes including deletion of the gene fragments were observed in PFGE analysis of the neutrophil-adapted isolates. Two plasmids, 105kb and 50kb, were cured in the strain passaged over 15 times in porcine neutrophils. The 50% of lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) of the parent strain was changed from $1{\times}10^5\;LD_{50}$ to $6{\times}10^6\;LD_{50}$ by the passage in intraperitoneal injection of the strains into mice. These results suggested that bacterial genotypic and phenotypic responses might be globally altered depending on the inside environment of neutrophils.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.415-421
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• 2011

Currently, various diseases reside in Korean swine farms and affect production performance of the farms greatly. These damages from disease are further aggravated by the concurrent infection of other disease. In this study, y investigating the distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Salmonella spp. in farms, correlation between the damage and the prevalence of disease was analyzed. Ten selected Korean swine farms that uses PCV2 vaccine were tested for presence of antibody and antigen of PRRSV, PCV2, Salmonella spp. per ages of pigs, 4weeks, 7weeks, 11weeks and 17weeks, respectively. The results were analyzed by dividing the farms in to groups with MSY above 19, and that with MSY below 19. Then calculating the distribution of disease each ages of pigs. Farms with MSY below 19 showed high prevalence of disease by PRRSV, PCV2 and Salmonella spp.. In this group, the detection rate of PCV2 and Salmonella spp. was increased by the activation/viremia of PRRSV in the young ages of pigs. The results are proved that the correlation between disease prevalence and production performance in Korean swine farms were very significant. The prevalence of PRRSV is more important index which influence to the productivity in current prevalence of diseases.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2014

S. typhimurium MMP13과 ${\chi}8554$는 독력이 약한 JOL401과 독력이 강한 ${\chi}3339$로부터 유래되었다. Heat labile subunit B (LT-B)는 백신의 효율성을 증가시키기 위한 면역보강제로서 일반적으로 사용되고 있다. 고스트 카세트를 운반하는 pMMP184를 MMP13과 ${\chi}8554$에 형질전환하여 고스트를 생성시킨 후 BALB/c 마우스에 근육으로 투여하였다. 면역 보강제가 없는 경우에는 독력에 상반하여 총 IgG 함량이 증가되는 경향성을 보였다. 반대로, 면역보강제를 발현하는 pMMP300을 운반하는 고스트 백신이 동시에 투여되는 경우에는 독력이 강한 균주에서 면역성이 증진되는 경향성을 보였다. 그러나 최종 총 IgG 농도는 유사하게 관찰되었기 때문에, 독력의 세기가 특별히 면역성에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 추정된다. 다른 면역 요소인 IgG1, IgG2a, sIgAs는 특이적인 경향성을 보이지 않았다. 살모넬라 도전실험 결과 독력 유래에 상관없이 유사한 경향성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 고스트를 생성에 사용된 독력에 관계없이 살모넬라에 대한 면역성이 유발되는 결과를 보였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.611-615
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of Salmonella Typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (Vi vaccine) in Korea. The immunogenicity of a single dose of Vi vaccine was evaluated in 157 subjects (75 children and 82 adults) before and at 1, 6, and 12 months after vaccination. Immunogenicity was measured with a passive hemagglutination assay (PHA), quantified as geometric mean titers (GMTs) and seroconversion rates. The safety of the vaccine was investigated by determining adverse reactions occurring within 4h, 3 days, and 1 month after injection. The seroconversion rate for children and adults 1 month after vaccination was 96.92% and 89.02%, respectively. In the case of children, the GMTs of Vi antibodies before vaccination were $5.87{\pm}1.34\;and\;142.59{\pm}2.39$ at one month after vaccination. For adults, the GMTs before and one month after vaccination were $5.58{\pm}1.28\;and\;58.56{\pm}3.67$, respectively. Vi antibodies persisted for as long as 6 and 12 months after vaccination. All adverse reactions in adults and children were minor and did not require treatment. The Vi CPS vaccine was safe and immunogenic in adults and children older than 5 years.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.536-544
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• 2001

increase the viability of oral typhoid vaccine during the passage through the castro-intes-tidal tract, numerous attempts have been made including the vaccine coating. However problems such as high death rate during the coating process and its instability in the gastric juice still remain to be solved. In this study, the oral vaccine was made as the micro-enteric beads by adding Salmomella typhi Ty21a cells to sodium alginate solution and spraying onto calcium chloride solution (ionotropic relation method). The vaccine showed more than 90% of its original viability after treating it for 1 hour in the artificial gastric juice (37$^{\circ}C$, 300 rpm). The clearance rate of the Ty21a in the liver and spleen of the mice orally administrated with coated Ty21a was similar to that of the mice intraperitoneally administrated with uncoated Ty21a. The peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) isolated from the mice orally administered with this vaccine produced 15.5 fold higher specific IgA antibody titer than that from the control mice administerd with saline solution. furthermore, the mice treated with the coated Ty21a had higher survival rates (50~87%) than the control mice treated with saline solution (0~10%) in the intraperitoneal challenge test with wild type S. typhi Ty21a cells. These results suggest that the alginate-based coating technique is effective to protect live Ty21a from acidic environments, and produces better intestinal immune responses thereby providing a potentially excellent oral typhoid vaccine.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2022

살모넬라 수막염은 소아청소년에서 흔하지 않은 병이나 심각한 신경학적 합병증을 일으킬 수 있다. 영아, 특히 3개월 미만의 연령과 악성 종양, 말라리아 감염, 인체면역결핍바이러스 감염과 같은 면역 저하 상태는 살모넬라 수막염의 위험인자로 알려져 있다. 본 증례에서는 고열과 구토, 의식 변화를 주소로 내원한 이전 특이병력 없던 건강한 8세 여아의 살모넬라 수막염 증례를 소개한다. 환자의 뇌척수액에서 D군 살모넬라가 배양되었으며, 뇌 자기공명영상 소견은 정상이었다. 면역 글로불린 수치와 림프구 수는 정상 범위였고, 차세대 염기서열 분석에서 원발성 면역결핍 질환을 일으키는 유전자 변이는 검출되지 않았다. 3세대 세팔로스포린 투약으로 환자의 증상은 빠르게 호전되었으며 합병증이나 후유증은 발생하지 않았다. 비장티푸스 살모넬라균은 면역이 정상인 소아에서 수막염을 일으킬 수 있으며 조기에 항생제를 투여하면 성공적으로 치료할 수 있다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.323-329
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• 1997

An outbreak of duck septicemia caused by Pasteurella anatipestifer was studied in Chonnam province. The outbreaks of duck septicemia has become an economically important disease in duck farm. The present study undertaken to identify the etiological agent of duck septicemia and to evaluate the efficacy of bacterin against P anatipestifer in Chonnam province during period from May to December 1996. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The distribution of etiological agents from collected 328 duck samples were Pasteurella anatipestifer(57%), Escherichia coli(21%), duck viral hepatitis virus(4%), Salmonella sp(1%) and others (10%). 2. The agglutination titers of autogenous vaccine were increased after End vaccination and reached highest at 5-6 weeks post inoculation at the titers of 6.0-4.0.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.155-159
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• 1997

We had experienced a case of pericarditis associated with Mycoplasma and Salmonella co-infection. This 5-year old boy presented with high fever and generalized tonic-clonic seizure. The diagnosis was based on the markedly increased serial titer of Widal test and cold agglutinin with Mycoplasma indirect hemmagglution test during hospitalization. The electrocardiogram revealed P-R interval prolongation and an echocardiogram revealed moderate pericardial effusion. The patient treated with ceftriaxone and erythromycin for 2 weeks, and responded to the treatment well. We report this case with brief review of the related literatures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1616-1621
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• 2007

We have established a SYBR Green-based realtime PCR method using AnyDirect solution, which enhances PCR from whole blood, for direct amplification of the virA gene of Shigella flexneri and the invA gene of Salmonella typhimurium from human feces without prior DNA purification. When we compared the efficiency of conventional or realtime PCR amplification of the virA and invA genes from the supernatant of boiled feces supplemented with S. flexneri and S. typhimurium in the presence or absence of AnyDirect solution, amplification products were detected only in reactions to which AnyDirect solution had been added. The detection limit of real-time PCR was $1{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ feces for S. flexneri and $2{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ feces for S. typhimurium; this sensitivity level was comparable to other studies. Our real-time PCR assay with AnyDirect solution is simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific, and allows simultaneous detection of S. flexneri and S. typhimurium directly from fecal samples without prior DNA purification.