• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of CS682, a fermentation product of Actinomycetae Nocardia sp. CS682, and DCS682$^{(R)}$, a commercial product, on the performance, blood parameters, small intestinal microflora, and immunoglobulin contents in broilers. In Exp. 1, a total of 240 ROSS$^{(R)}$ broiler chickens of 1d old were assigned to six dietary treatments: Control, Antibiotics (6 ppm avilamycin), CS682-0.25 (CS682 0.25%), CS682-0.50, CS682-0.75 and CS682-1.00. There were significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments in feed conversion. The CS682-0.25 treatment was significantly (p<0.05) lower than Antibiotics and other CS682 treatments in 0~2 wk feed conversion. The CS682 treatments influenced MCV (mean corpuscular volume) in blood. The cfu of Escherichia coli in small intestinal content was lowest in Antibiotics treatment followed by CS682 treatments and Control. In Exp. 2, a total of 1,000 ROSS$^{(R)}$ broiler chickens of 1 d old were assigned to five dietary treatments: Control, Antibiotics (6 ppm avilamycin), DCS682-0.05 (DCS682$^{(R)}$ 0.05%), DCS682-0.10 and DCS682-0.20. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments in mortality. The DCS682-0.20 treatment was lower than DCS682-0.10 in 0~3 wk and lower than Control in 0~5 wk mortality. Antibiotics treatment was lowest in all microbial population in small intestinal content. The cfu of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium of DCS682 treatments were higher than Antibiotics treatment but lower than the Control. The results of present broiler experiments indicated that supplementation of 0.20~0.25% CS682 and DCS682, improve feed conversion, mortality and control harmful intestinal microbes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.611-616
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• 2001

The bacteriological and physiochemical analysis of seawater in Tongyeong harbor was conducted to evaluate sanitary conditions, The samples were collected at 6 stations established once a month from January to December, 2000. During the study period, the ranges of temperature, transparency, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, dissolved nitrogen, phosphate and chlorophyll-a were $6.8\sim25.2^{\circ}C,\;1.0\sim2.5\;m,\;1.79\sim2.41\;mg/L,\;5.7\sim10.1\;mg/L,\;6.59\sim10.53{\mu}g-at/L,\;0.56\sim1.01{\mu}g-at/L\;and\;1.21\sim9.54\;mg/m^3$, respectively, The viable cell counts of seawater in Tongyeong harbor ranged from $3.0\times10^4CFU/mL\;to\;6.9\times10^6CFU/mL$. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of the samples were ranged $23\~4,600\;MPN/100\;mL$ (means 540 MPN/100 mL) and $11\~1,600\;MPN/100\;mL$ (means 210 MPN/100 mL), respectively, The coliform group was classified with IMViC reactions and pathogenic vibrios were analyzed. Two hundred eighteen strains that were obtained from seawater samples in Tongyeong harbor represented Escherichia coli group, $66.1\%$; Citrobacter freundii group, $11.0\%$; Enterobacter aerogenes, $9.6\%$; and unknown, $13.3\%$, respectively. During the study period, infectious bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae O1, Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. were not detected from the samples, but detection ratios of V. parahaemolyticus, V cholerae non-O1 and V. vulnificus were $10.0\sim30.1\%$.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.150-160
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• 2012

The object of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of mulberry leaves and silkworm excreta ethanol extracts on weight performances, blood characteristics, cecal microflorae of chickens. Two hundred forty male broiler chicks(Ross) were fed diets for five weeks containing 0.1%(MLA) and 1%(MLB) of mulberry leaves ethanol extracts, and 0.1%(SEA) and 1%(SEB) of silkworm excreta ethanol extracts. Weight performance did show no significant difference in all test groups which were fed with supplementation of mulberry leaves and silkworm excreta ethanol extracts. They showed better weight gain and feed conversion than the negative control group which was fed only with forage without antibiotics. ABTS(2'-azine-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) test was conducted to investigate free radical scavenging activity of blood in tested groups. ABTS scavenging activities of tested groups were higher than control groups in significant level, though there was no significant difference(P = 0.396). Specifically, MLB group showed the highest scavenging activity. Blood-level concentration of MDA, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation, was also decreased in tested groups and the lowest level was observed in SEA(P = 0.001). As storage time increased at $4^{\circ}C$, muscle-level MDA concentrations of all tested groups were generally increased and significant difference was obsereved between tested groups and controls in total increase of MDA concentration($P=4.417{\times}10^{-3}$). In cecal microflorae, SEA and SEB showed decreased total microbe population compared to NC($P=6.462{\times}10^{-5}$) and even to PC. Supplementation of mulberry leave and silkworm excreta ethanol extract did show a similar inhibition effect against Salmonella sp., furthermore, MLB did enhanced the growth of Lactobacillus sp.($P=3.636{\times}10^{-7}$). In summary, ethanol extract of silkworm excreta may be a potential alternative of antibiotics for chicks. In addition, both of ethanol extracts supplementation to broiler chicks would be very useful not only to improve antioxidant effect of blood but also to suppress lipid peroxidation without any loss of weight performance in poultry farming.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.286-289
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• 2000

Mechanol extracts of three cold-tolerant eucalyptus trees-Eucalyptus darlympleana, E. gunnii and E. unigera were screened for antimicrobial activity against twenty two phyto-pathogenic fungi and six food-borne bacterial pathogens. E. unigera showed the antagonistic activity against all the tested pathogens. Among the tested fungal pathogens, Pythium species were highly sensitive to the leaf extracts. Especially, P. vanterpoolii, a causal agent of leaf blight in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris), was completely inhibited by the extracts. The eucalyptus extracts were also effective in inhibiting the fungal growth of Botrytis cinerea and Phomopsis sp. isolated from the lesions of kiwifruit soft rot during post-harvest storage. Escherichia coli O-157 was less sensitive to the inhibition than the other bacterial pathogens tested. It was likely that Gram positive bacteria-Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus mutans were more sensitive to the eucalyptus extracts than Gram negative bacteria-Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our findings suggest that the cold-tolerant eucalyptus species have antimicrobial properties that can serve the development of novel fungitoxic agents or food preservatives.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 1992

Of 80 cases of Salmonellosis reported in a provincial area in 1992, 90% were related to outbreaks, which occurred from Apr. to Nov. And the serotypes include the following: typhimurium, hadar, and enteritidis etc. Among these outbreaks the authors carried out the epidemiological investigation for 'I-eup'(highest attack region) outbreak. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The S. typhimurium isolated from stools of 7 cases among 29 cases. 2. The common-source of exposure was boiled pork and/or skewered slices of seasoned meat. 3. The incidence rate was 65.1%(29 cases). 4. The incidence showed significant difference between males(32.1%) and females(80.0%). 5. The incidence in under 20 years of age and 40 years of age were much higher than other age groups but there was no significant difference among much age groups. 6. The mean and the median incubation period were 18.5 and 17.0 hours respectively. 7. The secondary attack was not appeared.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 2016

An antimicrobial bacterium to pathogenic microorganisms, strain $W5-1^T$ was isolated from Korean fermented-food Kimchi. The isolate was Gram-staining-variable, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, and motile with peritrichous flagella. It grew at $15-40^{\circ}C$, at pH 6.0-10.0, and in the presence of 0-4% NaCl. Strain $W5-1^T$ could hydrolyze esculin and xylan, and assimilate $\small{D}$-mannose, but not $\small{D}$-mannitol. Strain $W5-1^T$ showed antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi. The G+C content of the DNA of strains $W5-1^T$ was 52.6 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major cellular fatty acids were $C_{16:0}$, antieiso-$C_{15:0}$, $C_{18:0}$, and $C_{12:0}$. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the strain W5-1 was shown to belong to the family Paenibacillaceae and was most closely related to Paenibacillus pinihumi $S23^T$ (98.4% similarity) and Paenibacillus tarimensis $SA-7-6^T$ (96.4%). The DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolate and Paenibacillus pinihumi $S23^T$ was 8.5%, indicating that strain $W5-1^T$ represented a species in the genus Paenibacillus. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that strain $W5-1^T$ is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kimchicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is $W5-1^T$ (=KACC $15046^T$ = $LMG 25970^T$).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.684-692
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• 2011

The present study furthered this research by determining the optimal level of inuloprebiotics derived from Korean Jerusalem artichoke to promote growth in broiler chickens. On hatch day, 320 male Ross 308 broilers were randomly allotted to four groups for a 35-day feeding regimen. The groups were a control (no supplementation), diet supplementation with antibiotics (8 ppm avilamycin), supplementation with 200 ppm inuloprebiotics, and supplementation with 250 ppm inuloprebiotics. Body weight and feed intake were comparably high in the two inuloprebiotics groups, and exceeded the values for the control and antibiotics groups. Body weight and feed intake was higher in chickens fed the antibiotics supplemented diet, compared to controls. There were significant differences among treatment groups. Feed conversion ratio during total experimental periods was significantly high in the control group compared to the inuloprebiotics-fed groups, but no significant difference was evident using antibiotics or inuloprebiotics dietary supplementation. Carcass weight, dressing percentage, and weight of breast and thigh muscle were significantly higher for inuloprebiotics-fed chickens, compared with control and antibiotic-fed chickens. Inuloprebiotics concentration was not significant, while antibiotics-fed chickens displayed significantly higher values than control chickens. Abdominal fat was significantly reduced (19.08%-23.30%) and blood immunoglobulin and the weight of the thymus and Bursa of Fabricius were significantly increased in chickens receiving inuloprebiotics-supplemented feed, compared to control and antibiotics fed groups. In the lower intestine, the viable counts of beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus) were significantly increased and counts of harmful bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.) were significantly decreased in the presence of the inuloprebiotics, compared to control and antibiotic. The present results support 200 ppm as an optimal level of Korean Jerusalem artichoke-derived inuloprebiotics as a dietary supplement to improve growth in broiler chickens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1214-1221
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to propose suggestions for establishing Korean regulatory standards of infant formula. Accordingly, the regulatory standards for food contaminants and additives in Korean infant formulas were compared and analyzed with those in CODEX, EU, Australia and New Zealand. Several suggestions for regulations were found from different countries. Firstly, it is advisable that additives for nutrient supplement of infant formula be classified as types of nutrients. Secondly, it is proposed that guidelines should be set on the maximum amount of additives in infant formula. Thirdly, pathogens such as Staphylococci and Salmonella of infant formula should be regulated. Finally, present regulations need to establish the maximum permissible levels of some pesticides, Pb and Al, that other countries are already regulating. These proposed recommendations would broaden the scope of infant formula regulatory standards needed for infants' health.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1456-1463
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• 1998

Kinds of ingredient of Chinese cabbage kimchi were standardized by the sensory evaluation, chemical properties, and functional properties of antimutagenic effect and inhibitory effect on the growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The kinds of ingredient in control kimchi from the previous study, but Gueun salt instead of Chunil salt, exhibited better overall acceptability and less moldy smell and moldy flavor than any other kinds of ingredient added chinese cabbage kimchi in the taste. The kimchi showed chemical properties of properly fermented kimchi, pH 4.3 and acidity 0.72% and also contained 1.6 g% reducing sugar and $2.2{\times}10^8\;CFU/mL$ Leuconostoc sp. The juice of standardized kimchi with the above kinds of ingredient showed not only high antimutagenicity (74%) against aflatoxin $B_1$ in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 but also strong inhibitory effect (60%) on the growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in SRB assay. From the taste, chemical and functional properties, the standardized kinds of ingredient were Youngyang taeyangcho red pepper powder, anchovy juice, Gueun salt, Garak sin 1 ho Chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

The DY1 strain of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria was isolated from the soil sample collected from Daeam mountain, Korea. The culture filtrate of DY1 strain showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity on various pathogenic and food poisoning enteric bacterial species tested in vitro. It showed significant growth-inhibitory effect on Salmonella enterica sp., Shigella sp., pathogenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahemolyticus, and Yersinia enterocolitica. For the identification of the DY1 strain, morphological, biochemical and molecular phylogenetic approaches were performed. The DY1 strain was found to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of morphological and biochemical analyses. The 16S rDNA of DY1 showed the highest pairwise identity with Paenibacillus polymyxa with 99.79% (1,413 bp/1,416 bp). The antimicrobial entity from DY1 looked different from preciously reported ones and seems to have a great potential to be further studied as a candidate of new antibiotics to control multi-drug resistant pathogens.