• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2017

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare type of low-grade malignant tumor that account for approximately 0.5% to 1% of salivary gland neoplasm and arises most commonly in the parotid gland (80%). We introduce three cases of parotid EMC arose as painless cystic mass in male patients over 70 years old. All patients were diagnosed as benign tumors (pleomorphic adenoma) by image and pathologic study (fine needle aspiration) before surgery, but the final histopathologic results were EMC. All three patients underwent parotidectomy without adjuvant radiotherapy. There were no complications such as facial paralysis. No complications or recurrences were observed during follow-up for 6 to 9 months. Since the reports of EMC are still relatively few, we report our three cases with the clinical and pathological review.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2023

Sublingual resection is known as the most effective treatment of choice to prevent recurrence in patients with plunging ranula. In this case report, we present our experience with a 37 year-old man with prolonged upper neck mass diagnosed as plunging ranula. He had persisting mass lesion even after 4 times of sclerotherapy. Due to fibrotic change the pseudocyst could not be drained after removing the sublingual gland. To resolve the mass lesion, ultrasonography guided transoral drainage was performed. Intraoperative ultrasonography may be useful for transoral drainage of plunging ranula difficult to approach after sublingual resection.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2014

Salivary duct carcinoma(SDC) is rare malignancy, accounting for approximately 1-3% of all malignant salivary gland tumors. Systemic chemotherapy has been used for stage IV SDC, but there is no consensus on the standard treatment. SDC is histologically similar to ductal carcinoma of breast and often overexpress HER2/neu, hence HER2/neu targeted therapy could be one of treatment options. A 75-year-old Arabian man was diagnosed as SDC of right parotid gland with extensive metastases. He received oral 5-FU as palliative chemotherapy, but he was intolerable to oral chemotherapy due to severe oral mucositis. Considering immunohistochemical stain of tumor tissue showing strong positive for HER2/neu, we decided to administer an anti-HER2/neu antibody, trastuzumab. Follow-up CT scans before the third dose of trastuzumab demonstrated remarkable regression of multiple metastases as well as primary tumor. This case suggests that HER2/neu targeted therapy may be a potential therapeutic option for the SDC patient with overexpression of HER2/neu.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.363-367
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• 2010

Sialolithiasis is the most commom disease of salivary gland. The main symptoms are pain and swelling of the involved gland during eating. It can occur at any age but patients in their third to fifth decade present most cases. Males are more frequently affected than females. Most sialoliths are located within the duct system of the submandibular gland. Submandibular sialoliths close to the hilum of the gland tend to become large and ovoid shape, whereas sialoliths in the duct tend to be elongated. Commonly, sialoliths measure from 1 mm to less than 10 mm, and larger than 15 mm are considered rare. In one case we have removed a giant sialolith which was located in a wharton's duct and in the other case we have removed multiple sialolith including a giant sialolith which were also located in a Wharton's duct. We report these 2 cases with literature reviews.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2007

뒤쥐 Sorex caecutiens의 악하선의 미세구조를 연구하였다. 악하선은 샘포들과 도관들로 구성되었다. 악하선 샘포는 잘 발달된 조면소포체, 미토콘드리아와 많은 전자밀도가 있는 분비과립으로 채워진 장액선 세포와 점액선 세포를 가지는 혼합샘이었다. 장액선 샘포 과립은 명확한 한계막이 없는 타원형으로 다양한 전자밀도를 가지는 거친 알갱이만을 가지고 있었다. 점액선 샘포 과립은 명확한 한계막이 없는 타원형이고 전자밀도가 있는 균질한 기질 내에 몇 개의 연하거나 투명한 띠를 가져 다양한 문양으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 뒤쥐아과(Soricinae)에 속하는 뒤쥐, S. caecutiens의 악하선 샘포 과립은 샘포 과립의 경계막의 부재와 점액 샘포 과립의 특별한 문양으로 땃쥐아과(Crocidurinae)를 포함한 다른 포유류 종들과 구분된다. 과립관세포에서 많은 작은 과립소포와 층으로 된 한계막으로 덮이고 거친 장액성의 분비 과립 혹은 균질한 기질로 채워진 몇 개의 특징적 구조들이 관찰되었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.501-504
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• 2011

Purpose: Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) represents about the 1% of the malignant neoplasms in the salivary glands and clinically most commonly found localized, well defined and sometimes presents orofacial pain. Treatment of choice is surgical excision. Postoperative radiotherapy can be used when surgical margins are doubtful. We report our experience of EMC of the parotid gland. Methods: A 78-year-old man presented with a three-year history of a localized, painless, $7{\times}6cm$ sized recurred tumor in his right preauricular area. He was diagnosed as EMC of the right parotid gland. So a total parotidectomy was performed. In his old medical history, he had a mass in the same area 5 years ago. The diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was made and the mass excision was performed at the local clinic without further evaluation. Results: It was unable to visually discriminate between the tumor and the normal tissue. So a total parotidectomy was performed. The patient was got post-operative radiotherapy and was followed up for 9 months. There was no specific evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: We present a case of EMC of the parotid gland in right preauricular area, which is uncommon. So we report a uncommon case of EMC to discuss about our experience with relevant journal discussion.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2007

Background and Purpose: Some subtypes of malignant salivary gland tumors such as adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) frequently result in distant metastasis of vascular origin, which are main causes of treatment failure. The reasons for the affinity for vascular metastatic potential are unclear. Therefore, molecular characteristics that influence the dissemination of metastatic tumor cells are important for the design of more effective treatment of salivary ACC. Tumor angiogenesis has been known to be essential for the distant metastasis of malignant cells. So, we determined expressions of vascular metastasis related factors in orthotopic (parotid) murine models of parotid ACC and compared with those in ectopic (subcutis) tumors of athymic mice. Experimental Design: Using specimens from murine parotid (orthotopic, experimental group) and subcutaneous (ectopic, control group) tumors, which have developed via transplantation of tumor cells, originated from human parotid ACC, we performed immunohistochemical assays with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and interleukin (IL)-8 antibodies. We also performed immunohistochemical assays with VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, and phosphorylated VEGFR-2. Results: Transplantation of human ACC tumor cell $(5{\times}10^5)$ into the parotid and subcutis successfully resulted in orthotopic (parotid) and ectopic (subcutaneous) tumors in athymic mice. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated higher expression of major angiogenic factors (VEGF, bFGF, MMP-9) in the orthotopic tumors than in ectopic tumors (P<0.05). But the expression level of angiogenic receptors were same in orthotopic and ectopic tumors of parotid ACC. Conclusion: VEGF, bFGF, and MMP-9 could be a good candidates for antiangiogenic therapy for the contol of vascular metastatic lesions of salivary ACC.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2023

Xerostomia is defined as the subjective complaint of dry mouth with or without hyposalivation, which is insufficient salivary secretion from salivary gland. Xerostomia can lead to multiple oral symptoms such as dental caries, halitosis, burning mouth syndrome, and oral candidiasis, which can significantly impact the well-being of patients, especially in geriatric patients who may already have compromised health. Clinical findings of xerostomia include decreased salivary flow and alterations in salivary composition. These changes can lead to various oral health problems such as dental caries, periodontitis, swallowing and speaking difficulties, taste disturbances, halitosis, mucosal diseases, and burning mouth syndrome. Recognizing these clinical manifestations is essential for early diagnosis and appropriate management. Although several reasons and risk factors have been suggested for xerostomia such as aging, chemo-radiation therapy, systemic disease, and Sjögren's syndrome, the polypharmacy is recently highlighted especially in elderly patients. Understanding the etiology and risk factors associated with xerostomia is crucial for effective management. To manage xerostomia patients, a multidisciplinary guideline should be established beyond dental care. Through this literature review, we summarized consideration for diagnostic, therapeutic, nursing essentials for the clinical guideline. By addressing the underlying causes and implementing appropriate treatment strategies, healthcare professionals can improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from xerostomia.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.305-309
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• 2002

There are some evidences that $K^+$ efflux evoked by muscarinic stimulation is not mainly mediated by large conductance $K^+$ (BK) channels in salivary gland. In this experiment, we therefore characterised non BK channels in rat submandibular gland acinar cells and examined the possibility of agonist effect on this channel using a patch clamp technique. Two types of $K^+$ channels were observed in these cells. BK channels were observed in 3 cells from total 6 cells and its average conductance was $152{\pm}7$ pS (n=3). The conductance of the another types of $K^+$ channel was estimated as $71{\pm}7$ pS (n=6). On the basis of the conductance of this channel, we defined this channel as intermediate conductance $K^+$ (IK) channels, which were observed from all 6 cells we studied. When we increased $Ca^{2+}$ concentration of the bath solution in inside-out mode, the IK channel activity was greatly increased, suggesting this channel is $Ca^{2+}$ sensitive. We next examined the effect of carbachol (CCh) and isoproterenol on the activity of the IK channels. $10^{-5}$ M isoproterenol significantly increased the open probability (Po) from $0.08{\pm}0.02$ to $0.21{\pm}0.03$ (n=4, P<0.05). Application of $10^{-5}$ M CCh also increased Po from $0.048{\pm}0.03$ to $0.55{\pm}0.33$ (n=5, P<0.05) at the maximum channel activity. The degree of BK channel activation induced by the same concentration of CCh was lower than that of IK channels; Po value was $0.011{\pm}0.003$ and $0.027{\pm}0.005$ in control and during CCh stimulation (n=3), respectively. The result suggests that IK channels exist in salivary acinar cells and its channel activity is regulated by muscaricinic and ${\beta}-adrenergic$ agonist. We conclude that IK channels also play a putative role in secretion as well as the BK channels in rat submandibular gland acinar cells.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.230-237
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• 1999

목적 : 두경부암 환자들은 방사선조사 후 부작용으로 타액선의 기능부전인 구강건조증이 흔히 유발되어 치료 후 회복이 늦어지고 삶의 질이 저하된다. 방사선조사와 함께 혈류개선제로 알려져 있는 pentoxifylline (PTX)과 칼슘 통로차단제로 알려져 있는 diltiazem (DTZ)을 단독 또는 병합으로 투여한 후 타액선의 만성변화를 분석하여 이 약제들의 방사선손상 억제 가능성을 분석해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Sprague-Dawley 쥐 16마리를 네 군 즉, 1) 방사선조사 단독군, 2) 방사선조사와 PTX 투여군, 3) 방사선조사와 DTZ 투여군, 4) 방사선조사와 PTX, DTZ의 병합투여군으로 분류하였다. 4 MV 선형가속기를 이용하여 16 Gy 일회로 타액선 부위에 방사선조사를 시행하였다. PTX은 방사선조사 20분 전에 kg당 50 mg을, DTZ은 방사선조사 30분 전에 kg당 20 mg을 복강 내로 각각 투여하였다. 방사선조사후 10주와 16주후에 타액선을 절제하여 H&염색을 하여 병리학적 소견을 관찰하였고 만성변화의 객관적 지표인 세포질내 공포 형성의 정도를 백분율로 측정하여 각 군간의 평균값을 비교하여 통계적인 유의성을 $x^2$-검사에 의해 확인하였다. 결과 : 방사선조사 10주 후 타액선의 선방세포질 내에서 다수의 공포형성이 관찰되었으며 방사선조사와 PTX 투여군, 또는 PTX과 DTZ 병합투여군에서는 이들 세포질내 공포 형성이 통계적으로 의미 있게 감소하였다(p vaiue, 0.001). 그러나 DTZ 투여군에서는 세포질내 공포 형성 정도가 방사선조사단 독군에 비해 통계적으로 의미 있게 감소되지 않았다(p value, >0.05). 방사선조사 후 16주에 관찰한 실험 군들에서도 선방세포질내 공포형성의 차이가 10주군들과 각기 유사한 소견을 보였으며 10주와 다른 점은 선방세포의 전체 수가 감소된 것과 간질 내 섬유화의 증가였다. 결론 : 방사선조사를 받은 쥐의 타액선에서 PTX 투여, 혹은 PTX과 DTZ 병합 투여결과 만성손상이 감소되었음을 관찰하였고 이로 미루어 보아 PTX이 방사선조사후 발생하는 구강건조증을 예방하는 효과적인 약제가 될 수 있으리라 생각한다.