• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1983

미(美) New Mexico주(州)에 많이 분포(分布)하는 Sheppard사토(砂土), Doak사양토(砂壌土), Lea사질식양토(砂質埴壌土) 및 Glendale식토(埴土)를 대상(対象)으로 관개수질(潅漑水質)에 따른 토양(土壌)의 투수성(透水性) 변화(変化)를 구명(究明)하기 위(為)하여 T.D.N. $1,250{\sim}15,000mg/{\ell}$인 염류수(塩類水)와 증류수(蒸溜水)를 관수(潅水)하여 실내(室內)에서 수리전도도(水理伝導度)를 측정(測定)하였다. 염류수(塩類水)가 유일(唯一)한 관개수원(潅漑水源)일 때의 수리전도도(水理伝導度)는 염농도변화(塩濃度変化)에 의한(依) 영향(影響)을 별(別)로 받지 않았으나 토양특성별(土壌特性別)로는 Sheppard사토(砂土)가 Glendale 식토(埴土)보다 투수성(透水性)이 매우 높았다. 염류수(塩類水)로 기(旣) 관개(潅漑)된 토양(土壌)에 양질(良質)의 관개수(潅漑水) 즉(卽) 증류수(蒸溜水) 처리(処理)는 수리전도도(水理伝導度)를 현저(顯著)게 감소(減少)시켰는데 이것은 사질(砂質)~양질계(壌質系) 토양(土壌)의 경우(境遇) 점토(粘土)의 분산(分散) 또는 장(長) 단거리(短距離) 이동(移動)에 의(依)한 Conducting pore의 봉쇄(封鎖)이며 식질계(埴質系) 토양(土壌)은 점토(粘土)의 팽창(膨脹)이 주(主)된 원인(原因)이었던 것으로 판단(判断)된다. 따라서 주(主) 관개수원(潅漑水源)이 염류수(塩類水)이고 자연강우(自然降雨)가 수반(隨伴)되어도 사질계(砂質系) 토양(土壌)에서는 문제점(問題点)이 없겠으나 식질계(埴質系) 토양(土壌)은 투수성(透水性) 감소(減少)에 의(依)한 염해유발(塩害誘発)의 가능성(可能性)을 내포(內包)하고 있으므로 관개시(潅漑時) 고려(考慮)되어야 한다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 1970

Ecological study on the reclaimed high saline soil was carried out throughout a year(1969) to elucidate the changes of the structure of halophytes communiteis and the possibilities of desalination from high saline soil by absorption of chloride ion. Results from this studies are summarized as followings; 1) The growth rates of halophytes showed a variation; maximum growth rate of Salicornia appeared on August, Chenopodium on July, Suaeda on July, Aster on August and Scirpus on June. 2) Changes of frequency of each halophyte were varied in accordance with species. Chenopodium and Salicornia have the highest frequency of all on May. However, frequency as well as density of halophytes decreased after on May due to competition for absorbing moisture in plant communities. 3) The terrestrial plants which were succeed into the reclaimed tidal land had herborized 25 species on the both side of irrigation route. 4) Each of the maximum chloride uptake by halophytes appeared on May(Salicornia and Aster), on June(Chenopodium and Scirpus), and on August(Suaeda), respectirecely 5) Among the halophytes, Salicornia was confirmed to absorb the highest amount of chloride. A possible amount of chloride uptake by all halophytes per 100 square cm reached about 24,629. ppm.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.791-798
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of saline solution vs. heparinized-saline for maintenance of arterial lines and to detect changes in platelet and aPTT as physiological indexes. Methods: In this nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized, double-blind study the effects of heparinized and saline solution on the maintenance of arterial lines were compared. Fifty five patients received the heparinized solution and fifty nine patients received the saline solution. All patients who had surgery in K-university hospital between September and December 2011 were eligible for participation in the study. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the saline and the heparin group in the maintenance time of the arterial lines or the number of irrigations. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in changes in the number of platelets and aPTT for interaction between the groups and time intervals. Conclusion: The results indicate that saline solution can be used as an irrigation solution for the maintenance of arterial lines of adult surgical patients, rather than heparinized-saline, in view of potential risk factors in the use of heparin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the smear layer removing efficiency of two root canal preparation techniques. Twelve single-rooted teeth were used in two groups of six each. Group 1 was biomechanically prepared by hand using a K-file with a high volume of normal saline irrigation. Group 2 was. prepared by using ultrasonically activated K-file with a constant high volume of normal saline irrigation. After the experimental procedures, each root was split saggitally. The removing efficiency of the preparation methods were assessed in terms of surface condition of the canal walls at three levels, those coronal, middle, and apical thirds. On the basis of remaining debris, presence of smear layer, and patency of dentinal tubules, each canal was evaluated according to a scale form 0 to 2. A statistical analysis was used to indicated any significant differences in surface condition between the two methods. There was no statistical significance between hand instrumentation and ultrasonic instrumentation at the cervical third but removing efficiency of ultrasonic instrumentation was superior. No statistically significant differences were obhserved for middle or apical third.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of topical and intravenous heparin on thrombosis and patency in the microvascular anastomosis of the traumatized veins. Nine white rabbits weighing about 2 kg were used. After exposure of both femoral veins, the veins were crushed by the jaws of smooth needle holder in order to create a thrombosis model. Transectional incision was made in the vein. The animals were then divided into 3 groups based on the administration method of heparin: 1) Experimental Group I, topical irrigation of lumen with heparin saline solution (n=6); 2) Experimental Group 2, topical irrigation of lumen with heparin saline solution and intravenous injection of heparin (0.75 mg/kg) via the marginal ear vein for 3 days; 3) Control Group, topical irrigation of lumen with saline solution (n=6). The patency was evaluated with empty-and-refill test and thrombus formation was judged by surgical microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Thirty minutes after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all Experimental Groups was better than Control group. However, there was no significant difference among groups. 2. Three days after anastomosis, the patency of all Experimental Groups was much more improved than that of Control Group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between Experimental Group 1 and 2. 3. Three days after anastomosis, the amount of thrombus in all Experimental Groups was much less than that of Control Group (P<0.05). 4. In histologic findings a lot of luminal thrombus were observed around sutured area in Control Groups. Few luminal thrombus was observed in all Experimental Groups. Mild necrosis in the vessel wall was observed around sutured area in all specimens. These results indicate that topical irrigation of heparin may improve the patency and inhibit the formation thrombus in the microvascular anastomosis of the traumatized veins.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.96-103
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• 1999

현재까지의 해수침투에 관한 대부분의 연구들은 조사방법상, 지구물리적 방법과 지구화학적 방법으로 뚜렷이 구분지어 접근되어왔다. 본 논문에서는 경기도에 위치한 해안 경작지 하부로의 해수침투 문제를 경제적이면서 효율적으로 접근하기 위하여 한 조사 지역에 대하여 두 탐사 방법을 동시에 적용하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 슬림버져 배열의 전기비저항 수직탐사, 주파수 영역 전자탐사 그리고 대상 지역 내 지하수에 대한 지화학 분석 등의 탐사방법이 적용되었다. 지구물리적 방법으로 적용된 전기비저항 수직탐사는 관개 경작지에 물이 없을 때 실시하였으며, 전자탐사는 경작지 내 관개수가 유입된 후에 측정하였다. 이러한 동일 조사 지역에서의 시기를 달리한 측정은 지하수량의 변화에 따른 전기 비저항 이상 지역의 분포 변화를 살피기 위하여 실행되었으며 결과적으로 지하수량의 증가로 인해 전기비저항이 낮아진 지역을 동일한 양상을 보이는 해수침투 지역으로부터 구분할 수 있었다. 앞의 지구물리 탐사결과를 뒷받침하기 위하여 대상 지역 내에 23곳의 사용중인 지하수를 채집하여 지구화학적 분석을 실시하였다. 지구화학 분석결과, 앞의 지구물리 탐사결과에서 밝혀진 해수침투 지역과 가장 가까운 곳의 물시료에서 농업용수 기준(250 mg/l)을 초과하는 높은 염도를 나타내었으며 수소와 산소원소를 이용한 동위원소 분석과 통계방법인 주성분 분석을 통하여 내륙 지역에서 나타난 지하수내의 높은 염분은 상부 주택가로부터 유입되었음을 알 수 있었다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.241-252
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• 2009

본 실험은 서산 부남호 준설모래와 태안 화력 발전소에서 발생된 석탄회(Bottom ash) 토양이 염해 조건에서 크리핑 벤트그래스의 생육배지로서의 활용 가능성에 대한 평가를 해보고자 수행되었다. 준설모래와 석탄회 토양의 물리, 화학적 특성을 실험실에서 조사하였으며, 각 토양에 유기물(peat)을 0, 1, 2, 3% 비율(w/w)로 각각 혼합한 토양에서 크리핑 벤트그래스 Pen-A1 품종을 파종 후 염이 포함된 물(EC=$1.5dSm^{-1}$)을 관수하며 생육을 평가하였다. 유기물 혼합전 준설 모래의 ECe가 $1.4dSm^{-1}$로 나타나, 석탄회 $8.4dSm^{-1}$에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 가시적 품질, 초장, 줄기 건물중 등은 준설모래 처리구에 비해 석탄회 처리구에서 낮게 나타났다. 석탄회 토양은 염분을 보유하고 있었으나, 관수로 인한 세척시 염분이 용탈되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 유기물을 혼합하지 않은 경우는 준설모래와 석탄회 토양에서 가시적 품질, 초장, 건물중이 처리 간에 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 2% 유기물을 혼합한 경우 준설모래 처리구가 석탄회 처리구에 비해 초장이 높게 조사되었다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.743-750
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• 2015

Objectives: This study compared the mechanical efficacy of sonic activated and passive ultrasonic irrigation for removing intracanal medicament from a simulated root canal under controlled conditions. Materials and Methods: Thirty simulated root canal in resin blocks were randomly divided into 3-groups. The canals were enlarged using ProTaper files and K3XF (#30/0.06). After cleaning and drying, canals were filled with Calcipex. Overfilled materials were wiped out and measured their weight to the unit of 1/10mg. After one week storage in 100% humidity $37^{\circ}C$ temperature, canals were irrigated using 20mL of saline with one of following methods according to the designated groups (n = 10). For group-NI, 30-gauge nickel-titanium irrigation needle was used. During irrigation with every 5mL, needle was moved in-and-out with 4-mm amplitudes. EndoActivator and ultrasonic tip were used for group-EA and group-UT respectively for 20 seconds after every 5mL irrigation using needle. Then the weight was measured again to calculate the weight of residual remnants. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post-hoc test at a significance level of 95%. Results: The weight of the residual medicaments were $3.62{\pm}0.81mg$, $2.84{\pm}0.28mg$, and $2.73{\pm}0.90mg$ for group-NI, -EA, and -UT, respectively. Group-EA and group-UT had no significant differences to remove intracanal medicament and left significantly less amount of paste than group-NI (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Under the controlled conditions of this study, the sonic activation and PUI have similar mechanical efficacy for removing intracanal medicament.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.462-466
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• 2015

Objective : Post-craniotomy seizure (PCS) is reported only rarely. However, our department noted a 433% increase in PCS for a year beginning September 2010, especially after cerebrovascular surgery. Our goal was to identify the cause of our unusual outbreak of PCS. Methods : For almost one year after September 2010, cases of PCS increased significantly in our department. We analyzed 973 patients who had received a major craniotomy between January 2009 and November 2011. We included seizures that occurred only in the first 24 postoperative hours, which we defined as early PCS. After verifying the presence of PCS, we analyzed multiple seizure-provoking factors and their relation to the duration and character of seizure activity. Results : Overall PCS incidence was 7.2% (70/973). Cefazolin (2 g/L saline) was the antibiotic drug used for intraoperative irrigation in 88.4% of the operations, and no PCS occurred without intraoperative cefazolin irrigation. When analyzed by operation type, clipping surgery for unruptured aneurysms was the most frequently associated with PCS (80%). Using logistic regression, only 2 g cefazolin intraoperative irrigation (p=0.024) and unruptured aneurysm clipping surgery (p<0.001) were associated with early PCS. The seizure rate of unruptured aneurysm clipping surgery using 2 g cefazolin intraoperative irrigation was 32.9%. Conclusion : Intraoperative cefazolin irrigation must be avoided in patients undergoing craniotomy, especially for clipping of unruptured aneurysms, because of the increased risk of early PCS.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of metronidazole 25% dental gel that was applied to periodontal pockets who have moderate to advanced chronic adult periodontitis were selected for this study. The quadrants that had 2 or 3teeth with 5-8mm probing pocket depth were selected and divided into test side and control side according to the split-mouth design. The metronidazole 25% dental gel applied on test side and 0.12% chlorhexidine solution applicated on positive control side, normal saline irrigation into periodontal pocket was applicated to negative control side respectively. Above procedures followed scaling and root planing at baseline(0week). The subgingival sterile saline irrigation and chlorhexidine irrigation were done for about 30 seconds respectively. The metronidazole 25% dental gel was applied to periodontal pocket at 0,1 week in the test side. The clinical and microbiological analysis carried out at baseline(0week) and 4,8 weeks. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth were significantly reduced in the test group. The relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were significantly reduced to negative control group and the proportion of cocci was correspondingly increased in the test group. 2. The sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth were significantly reduced in metronidazole group. and, there was a significant differences between 2 groups. Also, the relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were reduced in both group. And, there was a significant differences between 2 groups. In conclusion, application of metronidazole 25% dental gel as an adjunct to mechanical debridement of root surfaces may improved the clinical and microbiological status of periodontal disease sites.