• KCID journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2004

This study was carried out to obtain the desalinization effect of saline-sodic soils as water pending condition. Three soils with different salinity were collected and packed at 115000a pot. With artificial 1,000 mg/L water made of sea salt, three cases w

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological outcomes following the use of 30% minocycline-loaded polycaprolacton film and 2% minocycline-loaded gel that was applied locally into pockets combined with scaling and root planing. 25 human subjects who were non-pregnant, non-lactating, aged 20-50 and diagnosed as moderate to advanced adult periodontitis were enrolled. Subjects were excluded if they had a history of severe acute or chronic systemic disease, if they required antibiotic prophylaxis for dental treatment for any reason, or if they reported a history suggestive of hypersensitivity reactions to minocycline or tetracycline. 4quadrants that had several teeth with a 5-8mm probing pocket depth and radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss for each patient were selected and divided into test sites and control sites according to the split-mouth design. Scaling and root planing was done for each site at baseline(0week). Test sites received the minocycline gel and strip and control sites had saline irrigation. The patients received both treatments simyltaneously. Subgingival irrigation of sterile saline was applied to the control sites for approximately 30 seconds. Minocycline strip and gel was applied into the periodontal pocket at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks each after scaling and root planing in the test sites. The clinical and microbiological measurements were made at baseline and at the follow-up visits 6, 10, 14, 20 weeks. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth and Periocheck test was significantly reduced and the relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were significantly reduced and the proportion of cocci was correspondingly increased, in locally delivered minocycline strip group compared to saline irrigation group. 2. In locally delivered minocycline gel group, The effect was the same with minocycline strip group as compared with saline irrigation therapy. 3. There was no significant differences between minocycline strip group and minocycline gelgroup. In conclusion, minocycline HCl local drug delivery combined with scaling and root planing may provide added improvement of clinical and microbiological responses by inhibiting bacterial recolonization of treated sites. It is suggested that the local administration of minocycline-HCl in the periodontal pocket is effective when combined with subgingival mechanical debridement.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-128
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• 2008

Purpose: The object of this study is to compare the clinical results of noraml saline and Lactated Ringer's solution in the arthroscopic meniscus surgery on the knee. Materials and Methods: The study group included 64 patients who had an medial meniscus tear and received arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy. The group I was normal saline group, which was used as an irrigation solution during operation. The group II was Lactated Ringer's solution group. We measured the visual analogue scale, painless active knee flexion angle, and the ratio of the knee swelling at postoperative one day for all patients. Results: The visual analogue scale and the painless active knee flexion angle were no significant differences in comparing with normal saline and Lactated Ringer's solution group. The ratio of the knee swelling in Lactated Ringer's solution group was significantly less than those of noraml saline group. Conclusion: Lactated Ringer's solution has an advantage of decreasing the knee swelling in the arthroscopic meniscus surgery on the knee.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.300-305
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• 2005

Purpose: For the reconstruction of maxillofacial defect created by trauma, infection, or tumor etc, the role of microvascular anastomosis or vessel graft has been increased. Many methods has been tried to increase the success rate of microvascular anastomosis. Various anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents have been used to reduce the failure rate of microvascular anastomosis and avoid re-operation. Many drugs, however, have been used in the limited cases because most of these drugs may cause complications, such as allergy, fever or systemic bleeding. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of the Argatroban on patency and thrombosis in microvascular anastomosis when it is used for local irrigation or general administration. Materials & methods: Eight mature rabbits, weighing 2kg, were used. After exposing both femoral veins, the artificial thrombotic model was made by crushing injury using a smooth needle holder, and the transverse incision were made on femoral vein. The animals were divided into 4 groups according to Argatroban administration methods; control group (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with saline solution; experimental group 1 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with Argatroban saline solution; experimental group 2 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with heparin followed by intravenous injection of Argatroban; experimental group 3 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with Argatroban followed by IV of Argatroban. Microvascular anastomosis was done with 10-0 Ethilon. The patency was evaluated by empty-and-refill test 30 minutes and 3 days after microanastomosis. The thrombus formation was examined 3 days after microanastomosis by surgical microscope. The histologic findings were also examined. Results: 1. Thirty minutes after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all experimental groups was better than that of control group, but there was no significant difference among groups. 2. Three days after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all experimental groups was more improved than that of control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among experimental groups. 3. Three days after microvascular anastomosis, the amount of thrombus in all experimental groups was less than that of control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among experimental groups. 4. Histologically, a lot of luminal thrombus was observed around sutured area in control group. Few luminal thrombus was observed in all experimental groups. The necrotic changes were observed on the sutured vein wall in all specimens. Conclusion: These results indicate that topical irrigation and/or intravenous administration of Argatroban is effective in improving patency and preventing thrombus formation after microvascular anastomosis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether intracanal irrigation method could affect the adhesion between intracanal dentin and root canal filling materials (Gutta-percha/AH 26 sealer and Resilon/Epiphany sealer). Thirty extracted human incisor teeth were prepared. Canals were irrigated with three different irrigation methods as a final rinse and obturated with two different canal filling materials (G groups: Gutta-percha/AH 26 sealer, R groups: Resilon/Epiphany sealer) respectively. Group G1, R1-irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl Group G2, R2-irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl, sterile saline Group G3, R3-irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, sterile saline Thirty obturated roots were horizontally sliced and push-out bond strength test was performed in the universal testing machine. After test, the failure patterns of the specimens were observed using Image-analyzing microscope. The results were as follows. 1. Gutta-percha/AH 26 sealer groups had significantly higher push-out bond strength compared with the Resilon/Epiphany sealer groups (p < 0.05). 2. Push-out bond strength was higher when using 17% EDTA followed by sterile saline than using NaOCl as a final irrigation solution in the Resilon/Epiphany sealer groups (p < 0.05). 3. In the failure pattern analysis, there was no cohesive failure in Group G1, G2, and R1. Gutta-percha/AH 26 sealer groups appeared to exhibit predominantly adhesive and mixed failure patterns, whereas Resilon/Epiphany sealer groups exhibited mixed failures with the cohesive failure occurred within the Resilon substrate.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.413-420
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of hand instrumentation with K - file and ultrasonic instrumentation and irrigation system in removing pulpal debris and canal wall planing. 20 mandibular molar teeth were instrumented to size 30 K - file and 20 teeth were instrumented with ultrasonic Suprasson. And Normal Saline and 2.5% NaOCl were used as irrigation solution. All specimens were viewed at the coronal, middle, and apical third of the root canals for the evaluation of the cleaning effect under the multiview microscope. The result were as follows : 1. All of the technique and irrigation solution was effecient in the debris removal and canal wall planing at the cervical and middle thirds of the root canal. 2. All of the techniques and irrigation solutions was less efficient in the debris removal and canal planing at the apical third of the root canal. 3. The debris removal and canal wall planing was depended more on the anatomical variations of the root canal than on the techniques and irrigation solutions.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2015

Objectives: This study evaluated the maximum depth and percentage of irrigant penetration into dentinal tubules by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted human teeth were instrumented and divided into three groups. According to final irrigation regimen, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (Group A, NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (Group B, CHX) and saline solution (Group C, control group) were applied with Irrisafe 20 tips (Acteon) and PUI. Irrigant was mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B. Sections at 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm from the apex were examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The percentage and maximum depth of irrigant penetration were measured. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test were performed for overall comparison between groups at each level and for pairwise comparison, respectively. Within a group, Wilcoxon test was performed among different levels. p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: In all groups, highest penetration depth and percentage of penetration were observed at the 8 mm level. At 2 mm level, Groups A and B had significantly greater depths and percentages in penetration than Group C (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between Groups A and B. At 5 mm level, penetration depths and percentage of penetration was not significantly different among the groups. Conclusions: NaOCl and CHX applied by PUI showed similar depth and percentage of penetration at all evaluated levels.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.455-464
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the influence of Steroid topical irrigation and implant surface on bone healing in the irradiated rabbit tibia. Implant to bone contact surface ratio and the pattern of bone healing around hydroxyapatite(HA) coated implant and pure titanium (Ti) implant which were inserted into the irradiated rabbit tibia were compared. 16 Korean house mature male rabbits were used as experimental animal. Each rabbit received 15 Gy of irradiation. 4 weeks after the irradiation, two holes were prepared in the irradiated tibia of each rabbits, where two surface type of implants were inserted :1) HA coated type and 2) pure Ti type. Right before placing implants, one group of rabbit received steroid irrigation and the other group did saline. After the irrigation, two implants of HA coated type and pure Ti type were inserted into the tibia of each rabbits. Each rabbit were sacrificed at 2nd, 4th, and 8th week after the implantation and the specimens were observed by the light microscope. The pattern of bone healing and histomorphometric analysis of the implant-bone interface were done. The results were as follows. 1. All implants inserted into the irradiated tibia of rabbit did not show any sign of clinical mobility and the bone around implants inserted into the irradiated tibia of rabbit did not show any resorption. 2. The bone to implant contact surface ratio around HA coated implants that received steroid irrigation got more bone to implant contact surface ratio than that of the saline irrigation. This result showed statistically significant(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in 8th week group. 3. Though there was no statistically significant difference HA coated implants had more bone to implant contact surface ratio than pure Ti implant in 2nd and 4th groups, and there was no difference in 8th week group. 4. All implants inserted into the irradiated tibia of rabbit had exhibited successful osseointegraion.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2017

Purpose: Obstructive and inflammatory disease often occurs in the major salivary glands, and no predictive treatment has yet been developed for this condition. The aim of this report was to introduce an intraductal irrigation procedure and to illustrate its application to practical patient cases. Materials and Methods: Two patients complaining of pain and swelling in the parotid gland during meals who underwent sialography were diagnosed as having sialodochitis with sialadenitis. Intraductal irrigation was then performed on the parotid gland on the side of the complaint. The irrigation procedure was conducted in the same manner as the sialography procedure, except that saline was used as the filling solution. Symptom severity was evaluated with a numerical rating scale (NRS) at the initial visit and a month after the irrigation. Results: The initial NRS value of patient 1 was 10. The value decreased to 6 and then to 0 after 2 irrigation procedures. The NRS value of patient 2 regarding the symptoms involving the left parotid gland decreased from 4-5 to 1 after 4 irrigation procedures performed at 1-month intervals. Conclusion: Intraductal irrigation of the salivary gland may be a simple, safe, and effective treatment option for patients with obstructive and inflammatory disease of the salivary gland that is capable of resolving their symptoms.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.167-189
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• 1992

Frictional heat produced by cutting tools during dental implantation procedure may destroy the surrounding bone tissue and regenerative capacity and interfere ossointegration by formation of undifferentiated connective tissue. To study the effect of frictional heat according to various rotational speeds on the regenerative capacity of surrounding bone tissue, 13 ITI HS implants (8 mm) were inserted at 4 mongrel dogs. Temperatures were measured using thermocouple located 6 mm below from the marginal crest and 0.5 mm from the periphery of trephine mill during implant bed preparation. After 4 and 9 months, animals were sacrificed and specimens were examined using x-rays and light microscope. Results were as follows: 1. With drill speeds of 300, 800, 2,000, 3,500 rpm and saline irrigation, temperatures of surrounding bone were decreased from $-2.9^{\circ}\;to\;-1.7^{\circ}C$. Temperature rises of $2.0^{\circ}\;and\;2.1^{\circ}C$ were recorded with a drill speed of 5,000 rpm and irrigation. 2. With drill speeds of 800, 3,500, 5,000 rpm and no irrigation, temperatures of surrounding bone rose from $+1.5^{\circ}\;to\;+6.8^{\circ}C$, but maximum temperature was $40^{\circ}C$ at 5,000 rpm. 3. On radiographic examination, bone resorptions were observed at the upper half of implant of 5,000 rpm without irrigation and one case of 5,000 rpm with irrigation. 4. Osseointegration was unsuccessful in cases of 3,500, 5,000 rpm without irrigation due to fibrous connective tissue formation to the outer surface and hollow, but it was successful in a case of 800 rpm without irrigation. 5. Osseointegration was successful in cases of 300, 800, 2,000 and 3,500 rpm with irrigation. But fibrous connective tissue formation was observed at the hollow of implant inserted with 5,000 rpm with irrigation.