Lee, Byung Sun;Kim, Young In;Park, Hak Yun;Cho, Jung Hwan;Song, Sung-Ho
Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
/
v.20
no.7
/
pp.34-42
/
2015
Feasibility tests for the hydraulic fracturing were conducted in order to secure additional saline groundwater for irrigating to the land-based aquaculture farm. Two boreholes were placed to the aquaculture farm A and B, respectively. A hydraulic fracturing using single packer was applied to major fracture zones within two boreholes. To identify effects of hydraulic fracturing on securing additional saline groundwater, some selective methods including well logging methods, pumping tests, and groundwater quality analysis were commonly applied to the boreholes before and after the hydraulic fracturing. Enlarging/creating fracture zones, increasing water contents in bedrock near boreholes, and increasing transmissivity were observed after the hydraulic fracturing. Even though the hydraulic fracturing could be an alternative to secure additional saline groundwater to the land-based aquaculture farm, salinity of the groundwater did not meet optimal thresholds for each fingerling in two farms: Fresh submarine groundwater discharge flowed the more into borehole of the farm A that resulted in decreasing a salinity value. Increased saline groundwater quantity in the borehole of the farm B rarely affect to the salinity. Although salinity problem of groundwater limited its direct use for the farms, the mixing with seawater could be effectively used for the fingerlings during the early stage. A horizontal radial collector well placed in the alluvial layer could be an alternative for the farms as well.
In case of occuring the atomic energy accidents the proper medical treatments should be necessary. As the aim of the basic data for protective actions, the present studies were carried out to evaluate the decontamination of radioiodine by the administration of the antithyroid drugs (KI, NaI) and isotonic saline. Some recommended methods of decorporating radioiodine were investigated using 450, NIH-GP mice, each injected intraperitoneally with $1{\mu}Ci$ of $NaI^{131}$ as the internal contamination and treated with 2mg/0.2ml-saline of NaI and 2.6mg/0.2ml-saline of KI as the antithyroid drugs. Accordingly, effects of antithyroid drugs for internal contamination were: 1. Administration of NaI and KI caused to rapidly excrete internal radioiodine as the antithyroid drugs and decrease in whole body retention was reduced than in the saline group. 2. After internal contamination NaI and KI were to be administered for radioprotective effects as quickly as possible. 3. Decrease in body-retention made temporary shifts with enough fluids (water), however, as far as radioprotective effects is concerned, saline was not more significant than in the other group (NaI and KI). 4. Regarding to thyroid protective effects NaI, KI and saline were significant in effectively order.
This study was performed to evaluate the anesthetic effects of the epidural administration of tiletamin-zolazepam and lidocaine to rats. Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratoty rate and blood chemistry were examined according to the time lapse, after the administration of tiletamine-zolazepam, lidocaine or saline. The results obtained were as follows. 1, Tiletamine-zolazepam group revealed fast anesthesia onset time (p<0.01) and also revealed prolonged ambulation time compared with lidocaine group (p<0.01). 2. In the effects of blood pressure, tiletamine-zolazepam group revealed significantly higher value than lidocaine group or saline group, and revealed the highest value at 20 minutes after administration. According to the time lapse, blood pressure of tiletamine-zolazepam group was recovered and showed similar value with lidocaine group and control group at 90 minutes after administration. 3. In the effects of heart rate, tiletamine-zolazepam group revealed significantly lower value than lidocaine group or saline group and revealed the lowest value at 30 minutes after administration, and recovered similar value with pre-administration at 90 minutes after administration. 4. In the effects of respiratory rate, lidocaine group revealed significantly lower value at 30 minutes administration compared with 0 and 60 minutes after administration (p<0.01). Tiletamine-zolazepam group also revealed significantly lower value at 30 minutes compared with 0 and 60 minutes after administration (p<0.01). The changes at 60 minutes after administration, lidocaine group revealed lower value than saline or tiletamine-zolazepam group, and tiletamine-zolazepam group revealed similar value with 0 minutes. 5. In the effects of tidal volume, lidocaine group revealed significantly lower value than saline group (p<0.001) and tiletamine-zolazepam group also revealed lower value than saline group, at 30 minutes after administration. The values at 60 minutes after administration, revealed similar results with that of 30 minutes after administration. 6. In the blood chemistry, the values of alanine transminase (ALT), aspartate transminase(AST) and creatinine did not reveal significant results at 60 minutes after administration. The values of ALT at 60 minutes slightly decreased compared with pre-administration, and revealed normal level.
Saline groundwater, in addition to fresh groundwater, is actively developed for inland aqua culture in Jeju Island where groundwater is practically the only source of freshwater. In this work we analyzed impacts of saline and fresh groundwater development on groundwater systems in Sungsan subwatershed in Jeju. A sharp-interface model was used to simulate fresh and saline groundwater flows. Withdrawal of freshwater imparted adverse impacts by lowering groundwater level and inducing saltwater encroachment. Withdrawal of saline water imparted mixed results: on one hand it lowered groundwater level, on the other hand it reduced saltwater encroachments. However, freshwater development lowered groundwater level much more than salinewater development did. Modified Ghyben-Herzberg ratio was developed for a transition zone with finite width. Comparison against observed data resulted in fair agreement.
Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
/
2011.02a
/
pp.16-16
/
2011
Plasmas in saline solutions receive considerable attention in recent years. How the operating parameters influence the plasma characteristics and how the electrode erosion occurs have been topics that require further study. In the first part of this talk, the effect of the frequency on the plasmas characteristics in saline solution driven by 50~1000 Hz AC power will be presented. Two distinct modes, namely bubble and jetting modes, are identified. The bubble mode occurs under low frequencies. In this mode, one mm-sized bubble is tightly attached to the electrode tip and oscillates with the applied voltage. With an increase in the frequency, it shows the jetting mode, in which many smaller bubbles are continuous formed and jetted away from the electrode surface. Multiple mechanisms that are potentially responsible to such a change in bubble dynamics have been proposed and the dominant mechanism is identified. From the Stark broadening of the hydrogen optical emission line, electron densities in both modes are estimated. It shows clearly that the driving frequency greatly influences the bubble dynamics, which in turn alters the plasma behavior. In the second part, the study of the erosion of a tungsten electrode immersed in saline solution under conditions suitable for bio-medical applications is presented. The electrode is immersed in 0.1 M saline solution and is positively or negatively biased using a DC power source up to 600 V. It is identified that when the electrode is positively biased, erosion by the surface electrolytic oxidation is the dominant mechanism with an applied voltage below 150 V. An increase in the applied voltage leads to the formation of the plasma and the damage by the plasma and the thermal effect becomes more prominent. The formation of the gas film at the electrode surface leads to the formation of the plasma and hinders the electrolytic erosion. In the negatively-biased electrode, no electrolytic oxidation is seen and the damage is mostly likely due to the plasma erosion and the thermal effect.
Calcium hydroxide pastes is widely used in conventional endodontics. Along with the expanded clinical use of calcium hydroxide, literatures suggest mixing calcium hydroxide with other substance. Among added substances the vehicle plays the most importance role in the overall process because it is directly related with the velocity of ionic dissociation of $Ca^{2+}$ and OH ion. In this study, we evalutated and compared periapical tissue response and root resorption after canal was filled with mixture of saline and calcium hydroxide(Junsei Chemical Co.. Japan) as a aqueous vehicle, Metapaste(Meta Co., Korea) as a viscous vehicle paste, Vitapex(Neo Dental, Japan) as a oily vehicle paste and IRM(Caulk Dentsply, USA) in replantation of rat molar. A total of 31 maxillary first molars of Sprague-Dawley female rats, 30 days old were used. The upper 1st molar was extracted and the mesiobuccal canal was filled with mixture of saline and calcium hydroxide, Metapaste, Vitapex. IRM and then replanted. Rats were sacrificed 3 weeks after replantation. the maxillae were removed. section of 4 micron were cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Apical tissue response were observed under light microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Saline mixing group and Metapaste group were significant different in fibrous capsule width compared to Vitapex group and IRM group(P<0.05). 2. Saline mixing group. Metapaste group. Vitapex group and IRM group did not prevent root resorption and there were no statistical difference. 3. In saline mixing group and Metapaste group. loss of pastes were observed in all samples. From the results of our study. we observed loss of pastes in saline mixing group and Metapaste group because of water soluble property and assumed it was related to inflammation in apical area and sealing ability of material. So, we should study and develop calcium hydroxide vehicle which is easily removed and more stable and because of only 3 weeks observation we need more evaluation in long period.
Many cases have been reported that a post spinal headache can be relieved immediately by an epidural injection of saline; and autologous blood also has recently been used successfully instead of saline. The changes of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure in 40 cases were observed in the present study in support of the concept; that a continuous leakage in association with hypovolemia and hypotension of the cerebrospinal fluid is the primary cause of a post spinal headache. Subarachnoid pressure increased immediately with saline injection into the lumber epidural space. A spinal needle was inserted into the subarachnoid space at the level of $L2{\sim}3$ and opening pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid was read. An epidural Tuohy needle was insertad at the$L3{\sim}4$ and 25m1 of saline was injected into the epidural space and the cerebrospinal fluid pressure was read in the sitting position. $\underline{Sitting\;Position:}$ Mean pressure after injection $555{\pm}(110.9)mm\;H_2O$, Pressure rise rise (%) 51.3%, Mean opening pressure $366{\pm}(52.2)mm\;H_{2}O$, $\underline{Lateral\;position:}$ Mean pressure after injection $308{\pm}(70.8)mm\;H_{2}O$, Pressure(%) 86.7%, Mean opening pressure $165{\pm}(42.6)mm\;H_{2}O$. These pressure changes responded almost simultaneously as saline was injected. This pressure rise of 51.3% in the sitting position and 86.7% in the lateral position are clinically very significant. Therefore, it is most possible that the immediate relieve of post, spinal headache by injection of fluid into the epidural space is simultaneous with the increase of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
Korea has a lots of margin for security of farm land from her coastal region. The area of saline soil may be reached about 10% of present farm land if the reclamation works are finished. This paper was conducted as a part of studying the possibilities of desalination of saline soil through the experiment of some halophytes. The halophytes in this works were Salicornia herbacea L., Suaeda glauca Bunge, chenopodium acuminatum Willd, and Scirpus triquerter L. Of the above halophytes, Salicornia was proved the most effective plant for desalination of saline soil referring to the following results; 1) The seasonal uptake of chloride by Salicornia was the highest of all. However, the general tendencies of all plants showed a decrease on August. 2) Salinity of soil showed the lowest value on the site where Salicornia was grwon densely. Comparing the other sites grouped by age of saline soil with the above site, the salinity of rice-paddy (10 years after reclamation) is similar to those of the site wehre Salicornia were as well as the 50 cm below the surface soil. 3) The maximum water holding capacity of surface soil appeared in the site of Salicornia, but in 50 cm below the surface, the maximum water holding capacity are almost on equat terms having no connection with the age of saline soil. Soil pH, other chemical compositions such as organic matter, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, and nitrate were determined to elucidate the relationship between the changes of soil properties and chemical uptakes by certain halophytes. It is assumed that the above chemical compositions are frequently affected by the factors such as coastal circulation of salts, exchangeable base, microbial growth, climatic conditions, and irrigation of water.
Background/Aims: This study tested the hypothesis that prolonged low-dose cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment after pulse therapy attenuate paraquat (PQ)-induced lung injury in rats. Methods: PQ (25 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to induce PQ-intoxicated rat model. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (1 mL/day saline solution for 14 days), PQ group (1 mL/day saline solution for 14 days after PQ exposure), pulse group (15 mg/kg/day CTX in 1 mL of saline solution for 2 days and subsequent 1 mL/day saline solution for 12 days), and prolonged low-dose group (15 mg/kg/day CTX in 1 mL of saline solution for 2 days and subsequent 1.5 mg/kg/day CTX in 1 mL of saline solution for 12 days). A 14-day follow-up was conducted to determine the survival rat, and lung hydroxyproline (HYP), wet-to-dry weight ratios (W/Dc) and histopathological changes were evaluated. Results: Results showed similar survival rate (55% vs. 50%, p > 0.05) between prolonged low-dose and pulse groups. Lung W/Dc ($4.94{\pm}0.38$ vs. $5.47{\pm}0.28$, p < 0.01), HYP ($3.34{\pm}0.29{\mu}g/mg$ vs. $3.65{\pm}0.19{\mu}g/mg$, p < 0.001), and fibrosis score ($2.69{\pm}0.84$ vs. $3.13{\pm}0.63$, p < 0.05) were lower in prolonged low-dose group than those in the pulse group. Conclusions: These findings suggested prolonged low-dose CTX treatment after pulse therapy could attenuate PQ-induced lung injury in rats.
Fruits with antioxidant enrichment can be an economically affordable supplement for mitigating oxidative damage prone spermatozoa membrane pathologies. Computer-assisted sperm analyzer and oxidative status were utilized to evaluate the impact of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fortification of dextrose saline as diluent for rooster semen and fertility response of hens inseminated. Watermelon juice and dextrose saline were used to formulate diluent of 7 treatments consisting of unextended semen (positive control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and only dextrose saline (negative control) designated as Treatments 1-7. Pooled semen was obtained from fertile roosters and equilibrated with diluents at ratio 1:2 in the various treatments and were evaluated using computer software coupled microscope and seminal oxidative status assay. 168 laying hens randomly divided into 7 treatment of 8 replicates and 3 hen per replicate. Hen were everted, and semen (2 × 108 Spermatozoa) deposited intra-vagina and eggs collected over 8 weeks to assess fertility and hatchability of eggs laid. The result obtained revealed that watermelon-dextrose saline rooster semen diluent enhanced progressive motility, sperm kinetics and lowered non-progressive motility in T2-T6 compared to T7 over the 3 hours of evaluation. Watermelon addition to rooster semen diluent enhance the antioxidant capacity of rooster semen and lowered lipid peroxide generation. The percentage fertility was highest in T3 (81.01%) and T4 (81.24%) with lowest value obtained in T7 (73.46%). The hatchability of eggs set of hens inseminated with undiluted semen (71.46%) was lower than values for hens inseminated with watermelon inclusive extended semen (75.71%-80.39%). The optimal inclusion of 30%-40% watermelon in dextrose saline diluent enhance rooster semen kinetics, seminal oxidative stability and egg fertility.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.